《中醫(yī)基礎理論》雙語教學大綱.doc

中醫(yī)基礎理論雙語教學大綱 （供七年制中醫(yī)專業(yè)使用）前言中醫(yī)基礎理論是中醫(yī)、針灸專業(yè)一門重要的專業(yè)基礎課，在中醫(yī)、針灸專業(yè)學生的知識結(jié)構(gòu)中起著承前啟后的重要作用，本課程采用中英文相結(jié)合的形式介紹中醫(yī)理論體系的形成、發(fā)展和主要特點，講解中醫(yī)學的哲學觀（包括精氣、陰陽、五行）、中醫(yī)學的生理觀（包括藏象、精氣血津液、經(jīng)絡）、中醫(yī)學的病理觀（包括病因、發(fā)病、病機）及防治觀（預防治則）。旨在使同學們熟悉中醫(yī)名詞術(shù)語的常用英文表達形式，了解中醫(yī)理論的翻譯方法，初步具備一定的專業(yè)英語水平。本課程使同學們在已學英語的基礎上，利用英語獲得專業(yè)知識，強化學術(shù)英語的氛圍，為繼承和發(fā)展中醫(yī)藥事業(yè)，并借助英語這一語言工具將其發(fā)揚光大、走向世界奠定基礎。本課程的教學, 以課堂講授為主。要求教師用通俗的語言，由淺入深、循序漸進地講述各部分的基本概念和基礎理論、基本知識內(nèi)容。要做到突出重點、講清難點、交待疑點。教學過程中，要盡量把抽象的概念具體化、形象化，積極設計和創(chuàng)制主觀教具與圖表，以提高課堂教學效果。本課程按36學時設計，課程結(jié)束時進行考試，中間可安排測驗1次。教學要求及內(nèi)容緒 論【目的要求】 1掌握中醫(yī)理論體系的主要特點。 2了解中醫(yī)學、中醫(yī)基礎理論的基本概念、中醫(yī)基礎理論的主要內(nèi)容及其形成和發(fā)展概況?！窘虒W內(nèi)容】一、中醫(yī)學的基本概念二、中醫(yī)理論體系的形成和發(fā)展（一） 先秦、秦、漢時期（二） 晉、隋、唐時期（三） 宋、金、元時期（四） 明清時期（五） 近代和現(xiàn)代三、中醫(yī)理論體系的主要特點（一） 整體觀念（二） 辨證論治第一章 陰陽五行學說 【目的要求】1掌握陰陽的基本概念和陰陽學說的主要內(nèi)容。2掌握五行的基本概念和五行學說的主要內(nèi)容。3了解陰陽學說和五行學說在中醫(yī)學中的應用?！窘虒W內(nèi)容】第一節(jié) 陰陽學說一、 陰陽的基本概念二、 陰陽學說的基本內(nèi)容（一） 陰陽對立制約（二） 陰陽互根互用（三） 陰陽消長平衡（四） 陰陽相互轉(zhuǎn)化三、 陰陽學說在中醫(yī)學中的應用（一） 說明人體的組織結(jié)構(gòu)（二） 說明人體的生理功能（三） 說明人體的病理變化（四） 用于疾病的診斷（五） 用于疾病的防治第二節(jié) 五行學說一、 五行的基本概念和各自的特性二、 五行學說的主要內(nèi)容（一） 五行的相生、相克和制化（二） 五行的相乘、相侮和母子相及三、 五行學說在中醫(yī)學中的應用（一） 說明五臟的生理功能及其相互關系（二） 說明五臟病變的相互影響（三） 用于疾病的診斷（四） 用于疾病的治療第二章 藏象學說【目的要求】1 掌握藏象的基本概念和中醫(yī)對內(nèi)臟的分類方法。2掌握五臟的主要功能。3掌握六腑的主要功能。4掌握腦和女子胞的主要功能。5掌握臟與臟、臟與腑、腑與腑之間的關系。6了解五臟與形、竅、志、液之間的特定關系。7了解心包和命門學說的梗概?！窘虒W內(nèi)容】第一節(jié) 五臟一、 心（一） 心的主要生理功能（二）心與形竅志液的關系附 心包絡二、 肺（一） 肺的主要生理功能（二） 肺與形竅志液的關系三、 肝（一） 肝的主要生理功能（二） 肝與形竅志液的關系四、 脾（一） 脾的主要生理功能（二） 脾與形竅志液的關系五、 腎（一） 腎的主要生理功能（二） 腎與形竅志液的關系附 命門第二節(jié) 六腑一、膽 二、胃三、小腸四、大腸五、膀胱六、三焦第三節(jié) 奇恒之府一、腦二、女子胞第四節(jié) 臟腑之間的關系一、臟與臟之間的關系二、六腑之間的關系三、五臟與六腑之間的關系第三章 氣血津液【目的要求】一、掌握氣的基本概念、生成、運行、功能及其分類。二、掌握血的基本概念、生成、運行和功能。三、掌握津液的基本概念、代謝和功能。四、了解氣血津液之間的關系?！窘虒W內(nèi)容】第一節(jié) 氣一、氣的基本概念：無形而運行不息的極精微物質(zhì)。二、氣的生成（一）氣的生成之源（二）氣的生成與臟腑功能的關系三、氣的功能（一）推動作用（二）溫煦作用（三）防御作用（四）固攝作用（五） 氣化作用四、氣的運動（一）氣機的概念（二）氣運動的形式（三）氣運動的意義五、氣的分類元氣、宗氣、營氣、衛(wèi)氣、臟腑之氣、經(jīng)絡之氣的組成、分布及功能。第二節(jié) 血一、血的基本概念。二、血的生成：血液的化生之源及相關的臟腑功能。三、血的功能：濡養(yǎng)；化神。四、血的運行：維持血液運行的主要因素及其相關臟腑功能。第三節(jié) 津 液一、津液的基本概念：包括津與液的區(qū)別。二、津液的代謝：津液的生成、輸布和排泄及相關的臟腑功能。三、津液的功能：滋潤濡養(yǎng)；充養(yǎng)血脈。第四節(jié) 氣血津液之間的關系一、氣與血的關系：氣為血之帥(氣能生血、行血、攝血)；血為氣之母(血能載氣，血能養(yǎng)氣)。二、氣與津液的關系：氣能生津；氣能行津；氣能攝津；津能載氣；津能生氣。四、 血津液之間的關系：津血同源。第四章 經(jīng) 絡【目的要求】一、掌握經(jīng)絡的概念、經(jīng)絡系統(tǒng)的組成。二、掌握十二經(jīng)脈的循行規(guī)律。三、掌握奇經(jīng)八脈的循行規(guī)律。四、掌握經(jīng)絡的生理功能。五、了解十二經(jīng)脈和奇經(jīng)八脈的循行路線。六、了解經(jīng)絡學說的臨床應用?！窘虒W內(nèi)容】第一節(jié) 經(jīng)絡學說概述經(jīng)絡的基本概念。經(jīng)絡系統(tǒng)的組成。一、十二經(jīng)脈的名稱、循行規(guī)律和循行部位。二、奇經(jīng)八脈的名稱、循行規(guī)律和循行部位。第二節(jié) 經(jīng)絡的生理功能一、 溝通表里上下，聯(lián)絡臟腑組織器官二、 運行氣血陰陽第三節(jié) 經(jīng)絡學說的應用一、闡釋病理變化。二、指導疾病的診斷和治療。第五章 病 因【目的要求】一、掌握六淫、癘氣的概念和共同致病特點，六淫各自的致病特點。二、掌握七情的概念，七情內(nèi)傷的致病特點。三、掌握痰飲、瘀血的基本概念、形成原因和致病特點。四、了解飲食失宜、勞逸失度的致病規(guī)律和特點。【教學內(nèi)容】 第一節(jié) 六 淫 一、六淫的概念及共同致病特點。 二、六淫各自的性質(zhì)和致病特點。（一） 風邪：陽邪，輕揚開泄，易襲陽位，善行數(shù)變，主動，為百病之長。（二） 寒邪：陰邪，易傷陽氣，其性凝滯、收引。（三） 濕邪：陰邪，易阻遏氣機、損傷陽氣，其性重濁、粘滯、趨下。（四） 燥邪：其性干澀，易傷津液、燥易傷肺。（五）火(熱)邪：陽邪，其性趨上，易擾心神，易傷津耗氣，生風動血，易致瘡癰。（六） 暑邪：陽邪，其性炎熱、升散，易傷津耗氣，多挾濕邪。附：癘 氣癘氣的致病特點：發(fā)病急驟，病情重篤；傳染性強，易于流行；一氣一病，癥狀相似。第二節(jié) 七情內(nèi)傷一、七情的基本概念。二、七情內(nèi)傷的致病特點：直接傷及內(nèi)臟，首先影響心神；影響臟腑氣機；多發(fā)為情志?。挥绊懖∏?。第三節(jié) 飲食失宜一、 飲食不節(jié)：過饑；過飽。二、 飲食不潔三、 飲食偏嗜。第四節(jié) 勞逸失度一、過勞：勞力過度傷氣；勞神過度傷心脾；房勞過度耗傷腎精腎氣。二、過逸。第五節(jié) 病理產(chǎn)物一、痰飲痰飲的基本概念。（一）痰飲的形成：包括原因和機理。（二）痰飲的致病特點：阻滯氣血運行；影響水液代謝；易于蒙蔽神明；致病廣泛，變化多端。二、瘀血瘀血的基本概念（一）瘀血的形成：病因和機理。（二）瘀血的致病特點：易于阻滯氣機；影響血脈運行；影響新血生成；病位固定，病證繁多。（三）瘀血致病的病癥特點：刺痛；出血；腫塊；青紫；舌脈改變。第六章 病 機【目的要求】一、掌握發(fā)病的基本原理。二、掌握邪正盛衰與虛實變化和疾病發(fā)展轉(zhuǎn)歸的關系。三、掌握陰陽失調(diào)的病機。四、掌握氣血津液失常的病機。五、了解影響發(fā)病的因素。【教學內(nèi)容】第一節(jié) 發(fā)病一、發(fā)病的基本原理：正氣與邪氣的概念及在發(fā)病中的作用。二、影響發(fā)病的主要因素：外界環(huán)境、體質(zhì)和情志因素。第二節(jié) 基本病機一、邪正盛衰二、陰陽失調(diào)三、氣血津液失常第七章 防治原則【目的要求】一、掌握治標治本、扶正祛邪、調(diào)整陰陽和三因制宜等治療原則。二、了解預防的基本概念和基本原則和方法?！窘虒W內(nèi)容】第一節(jié) 預 防一、預防的原則二、預防的方法第二節(jié) 治 則一、治標與治本。二、扶正與祛邪。三、調(diào)整陰陽。四、三因制宜。Introduction【Purposes】1. Master the essential characteristics of TCM2. Understand the basic concept of TCM and the characters of development of TCM in different historical periods【Contents】1. The basic concept of TCM2. The formation and development of the theoretical system of TCMFour ancient classics of TCMFour great doctors in the Jin and the Yuan DynastiesSchool of seasonal febrile diseaseThe combination of TCM and western medicine3. The basic characteristics of TCM(1) Concept of holism1) Organic wholeness of the body 2) The close relationship between humans and environment(2) Syndrome differentiation and treatment1) Symptom and syndrome2) Syndrome differentiation and treatment3) “Treating the same disease with different methods” and “Treating different diseases with the same method”1. The theory of yin-yang and the five elements【Purposes】1. Master Concepts of the Yin-yang and Major Concepts of the Yin-yang 2. Master Concepts of the Five Elements and Major Concepts of the Five Elements 3. Understand the Application of Yin-yang and the Five Elements to Medicine 【Contents】1.1 The theory of yin-yang 1.1.1 The concept of yin-yang 1.1.1.1 The formation of yin-yang 1.1.1.2 The concept of yin-yang1.1.1.3 The relativity of yin and yang 1.1.2 The major concepts of yin-yang theory1.1.2.1 Opposition of yin and yang1.1.2.2 Interdependence between yin and yang 1.1.2.3 Wane and wax between yin and yang1.1.2.4 Mutual transformation between yin and yang1.1.3 Application of the theory of yin-yang in TCM1.1.3.1 Explanation of the histological structure of the human body 1.1.3.2 Explanation of the physiological functions of the body1.1.3.3 Explanation of pathogenesis1.1.3.4 Diagnosis of disease1.1.3.5 Guiding clinical treatment1.2 The theory of the five elements1.2.1 Concept and characteristics of the five elements1.2.1.1 Concept of the five elements1.2.1.2 Characteristics of the five elements1.2.2 Interactions among the five elements1.2.2.1 Inter-promotion and inter-restraint among the five elements1.2.2.2 Over restraint and reverse restraint1.2.3 Application of the theory of the five elements in TCM1.2.3.1 Explaining the physiological functions of the five zang-organs and the relationships among them1.2.3.2 Explaining pathological interactions among the five zang-organs1.2.3.3 Guiding clinical diagnosis1.2.3.4 Guiding the treatment of disease2. Viscera and their manifestations 【Purposes】1. Master the concept of the visceral theory 2. Master the major functions of five zang-organs3. Master the major functions of five fu-organs4. Master the major functions of brain and uterus5. Master the relations among five zang-organs, the relations among zang-organs and fu-organs and the relations among the six fu-organs6. Understand the relationship of five zang-organs to other organs 7. Understand pericardium and life gate【Contents】Brief introduction2.1 The five zang-organs2.1.1 The heart2.1.1.1 The physiological functions of the heart2.1.1.2 The relationships between the heart and the body, the sensory organs and the orifices, the emotions and the body fluid2.1.2 The lung2.1.2.1 The physiological functions of the lung2.1.2.2 The relationships between the lung and the body, the sensory organs and the orifices, the emotions and the body fluid2.1.3 The liver2.1.3.1 The physiological functions of the liver2.1.3.2 The relationships between the liver and the body, the sensory organs and the orifices, the emotions and the body fluid2.1.4 The spleen2.1.4.1 The physiological functions of the spleen 2.1.4.2 The relationships between the spleen and the body, the sensory organs and the orifices, the emotions and the body fluid2.1.5 The kidney2.1.5.1 The physiological functions of the kidney2.1.5.2 The relationships between the kidney and the body, the sensory organs and the orifices, the emotions and the body fluid2.2 The six fu-organs2.2.1 The gallbladder2.2.2 The stomach2.2.3 The small intestine2.2.4 The large intestine2.2.5 The bladder2.2.6 The triple energizer2.3 The extraordinary fu-organs2.3.1 The brain2.3.2 The uterus2.4 The relationships among the zang-organs and the fu-organs2.4.1 The relationships among the five zang-organs2.4.2 The relationships among the six fu-organs2.4.3 The relationships between the five zang-organs and the six fu-organs 3. Qi, blood and body fluid 【Purposes】1. Master the basic concept, production, movement, functions and classification of qi 2. Master the concept, production, circulation and functions of blood3. Master the concept, metabolism and functions of body fluid4. Understand the relationships among qi, blood and body fluid【Contents】3.1 Qi3.1.1 The basic concept of qi3.1.2 The production of qi3.1.3 The physiological functions of qi3.1.4 The movement of qi3.1.5 The classification of qi 3.2 Blood3.2.1 The basic concept of blood3.2.2 The production of blood3.2.3 The physiological functions of blood3.2.4 The circulation of blood3.3 Body fluid3.3.1 The basic concept of body fluid3.3.2 The metabolism of body fluid(The production, transportation and excretion of body fluid)3.3.3 The physiological functions of body fluid3.4 The relationships among qi, blood and body fluid3.4.1 The relationship between qi and blood3.4.2 The relationship between qi and body fluid3.4.3 The relationship between blood and body fluid4 The meridians and collaterals 【Purposes】1. Master the concept of the meridians and collaterals, and the constitution of the system of meridians and collaterals 2. Master the law of the distribution of the twelve meridians3. Master the law of the distribution of the eight extraordinary vessels4. Understand the distribution of the twelve meridians and the eight extraordinary vessels5. Understand the clinical application of the theory of meridians and collaterals【Contents】4.1 The content of the theory of meridians and collaterals4.1.1 The twelve meridians4.1.2 The eight extraordinary vessels4.2 The basic functions of the meridians and collaterals4.2.1 To connect the external with the internal as well as to connect the viscera with other organs4.2.2 To transport qi, blood, yin and yang to nourish the viscera and the body4.3 The clinical application of the theory of meridians and collaterals4.3.1 To explain pathogenesis and pathological transmission4.3.2 To guide the diagnosis and treatment of disease5. Causes of disease 【Purposes】1. Master the concept and the characteristics of the six climatic factors and the pestilent-qi 2. Master the concept of seven emotions and the characteristics of internal impairment due to seven emotions3. Master the concept and the characteristics of phlegm, rheum and blood stasis4. Understand the characteristics of improper diet and overwork and over-rest【Contents】5.1 The six climatic factors5.2 Internal impairment due to seven emotions5.3 Improper diet5.4 Overwork and over-rest5.5 Diseases caused by phlegm, rheum and blood stasis6. Pathogenesis 【Purposes】1. Master occurrence of disease and the relationship between pathogenic factors and the healthy qi2. Master predomination and decline of pathogenic factors and healthy qi3. Master imbalance between yin and yang4. Master disorder of qi, blood and body fluid5. Understand constitution and disease 【Contents】6.1 Causes of disease6.1.1 Occurrence of disease and the relationship between pathogenic factors and the healthy qi6.1.2 Constitution and disease6.2 Mechanism of pathological changes6.2.1 Predomination and decline of pathogenic factors and healthy qi6.2.2 Imbalance between yin and yang6.2.3 Disorder of qi, blood and body fluid7. Prevention and th