大學英語四聽力原文.doc

真題短篇新聞（1-7）News Report 1（1）The International Labor Organization says the number of people without jobs is increasing. In its latest update on global employment trends, the agency says projections of the number of unemployed people this year range from 210 million to nearly 240 million people. The report warns that 200 million poor workers are at risk of joining the ranks of people living on less than 2 dollars per day in the past three years. （2）The director general of the International Labor Organization Juan Somavia notes that some countries have taken measures to address the effects of the global crisis.However, he points out that many countries have not done so. And based on past experiences, it takes four to five years after economic recovery for unemployment to return to pre-crisis levels. Mr. Somavia says the International Labor Organization is proposing a global jobs agreement to deal with unemployment. Its key objective is to play so the center of recovery efforts, measures that would generate high levels of employment and provide basic social protection for the most vulnerable.Q1. What is the news report mainly about?解析：第一道題是主旨大意題，我們課上講過新聞題開頭部分很重要，而本道題第一句話就給出了這篇新聞的主旨。這句話重點在從句部分， the number of people without jobs is increasing 失業(yè)人數(shù)增加，對應選項中C項的 Rising unemployment，而這個國際組織international也暗示了是世界范圍的失業(yè)人數(shù)。所以答案選C。Q2. What does, Juan Somavia, the director general of the International Labor Organization say?解析：原文中提到某人說的話，說一部分國家開始處理全球危機帶來的影響，又一個轉折，however，很多國家沒這么做。結合這兩句，和我們選項中的C項Few countries have realized the seriousness of the current crisis同義替換。聽完問題便可確認此答案。News Report 2（3）Big fast food chains in New York City have started to obey a first of its kind rule, requiring them to post calorie counts right on the menu. Cathy Nurses is with the New York City department of health, We wanted to give people an opportunity to actually see the calories before they purchased the food and make a decision and inform decision. That if they want to make their healthier choice, if they want to eat fewer calories they can. And we expect this will have a huge impact on obesity. And of course, if it has an impact on obesity, it will have an impact on diabetes and heart disease and high blood pressure. The new rules will introduce as a part of anti-obesity campaign. That also includes a recent citywide ban and artificial trans-fats in restaurant food. The menu roll only applies to restaurants that serve standardized potion sizes and have fifty more locations nationwide.（4） Starting last Saturday, chains big enough to fall under the rule will face penalties about 2000 dollars for not showing calorie information in a prominent spot on their menus preferably next to the price.Q3. What are big fast food chains in New York City require to do according to the new rule?解析:本道題比較簡單，屬于原文重現(xiàn)，原文中提到 post calorie counts right on the menu，對應了選項中的B) Put calorie information on the menu，將卡路里信息寫在菜單上。故答案為B。Q4. What would happen to big restaurant chains that violate the new rule?解析：看四個選項提到了they,那么問題很有可能和原文中多次提到的快餐連鎖有關，原文最后一句話提到快餐連鎖如不公布熱量信息將會被處以200美元的罰金，及對應選項中的be fined“被罰款”這個信息，答案為A) They will be fined.News Report 3（5）Almost all companies recognize the importance of innovation today. But not many are able to integrate innovation into their business.A commentary in the Shanghai Daily points out that innovation doesnt mean piles of documents. It is something more practical. （6）The article says many people tend to assume that innovation just means creating something new, but actually its more than that. Its an attitude of doing things. A company should find ways to innovate not just in products but also in functions, business models and processes.（7）The article cites the global giant Procter & Gamble as an example, saying a real innovative company should develop an innovation culture and use it as a primary tool for success. Procter & Gamble has a “Corporate Innovation Fund” which offers big rewards for high-risk ideas that succeed. It also has a special innovation facility for its employees. Sometimes its employees are released from their daily jobs for weeks and spend their time interacting in the innovation facility instead. In conclusion, the article says innovative ideas alone do not ensure success. Its pointless unless there is a repeatable process in place to turn inspiration into financial performance.Q5. What is the problem with many companies according to the news report?解析：本文中一直提到的詞是innovation”創(chuàng)新”,文中第一句話就提到not many are able to integrate innovation into their business，沒有多少公司能夠將創(chuàng)新整合進自己的商業(yè)模式上，原文重現(xiàn)對應到我們的選項D) Failure to integrate innovation into their business.Q6. What do many people tend to think of innovation?解析：原文中借article之口提出很多人對創(chuàng)新的看法是innovation just means creating something new 創(chuàng)新就是創(chuàng)造新東西，接著又提到說創(chuàng)新遠不止這些。而確認問題是大部分人的觀點，故選擇和原文同義替換的一個表達B) It is the creation of something new. 作為正確答案。Q7. What does the company Procter & Gamble owe its success to?解析：本題作為一個舉例信息在原文中被提到，原文直接說到一個名詞叫做innovation culture創(chuàng)新文化，接著說use it as a primary tool for success 把他作為走向成功的主要方式。由此可知問題的答案應為C) Its innovation culture.長對話（8-11）Conversation OneM: So, Linzy, do you like to text message on your cell phone?W: Yeah, I text message a lot.M: I dont do it so much. I prefer to make a call if Im in a hurry.W: Yeah, I go both ways. Sometimes I dont really want to talk to the person. I just want to ask them one question, so its much easier for me just to text message.（9） If I call them, Ill have to have a long conversation.M: Yeah, I can see what you mean.（8） But I get off the phone pretty quickly when I call. Im not a big talker.W: Yeah, thats true. You dont talk a lot.M: So are you fast at writing the messages with your thumb?W: Well, when I first got a cell phone, I was so slow. I thought I would never text message. But then people kept text messaging me, so I felt obliged to learn how to text message. So now Im pretty fast. What about you?M: Actually I have the opposite problem. （10）When I first got my cell phone, I thought it was so cool to text message all my friends who have one, and I was pretty fast with my thumb then. But it seems like now I dont use it so much, Ive got slower actually.W: Yeah, I think text messaging actually is what you have to do with your age. For example, people in high school, they text message a lot. But I ask my father if he texted messages, and guess what he said?M: What?W: He said hed never text message. （11）He thinks its very childish and unprofessional to text message.M: Yeah, I can see what he means. Its considered pretty informal to text message to someone.Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation youve just heard.Q8: What does the man say about himself?解析：看選項中提到的選項是關于“he”的，所以重點去聽關于男士的信息和選項對應的內容。原文中提到他不愛發(fā)短信，打電話也會很快掛掉電話，可知答案應選擇一個同義替換的表達D)He does not talk long on the phone.Q9: What does the woman tend to do while she is on the phone?解析：原文中提到女士說的一句話If I call them, Ill have to have a long conversation. 由此可知，女士打電話的時間是很長的，故答案選擇B) talk at length.Q10: Why did the man text message all his friends when he first got his cell phone?解析：看選項重點去聽男士的話，當聽到 I thought it was so cool to text message 的時候就可以猜測問題是關于男士開始使用手機時的，可選出A) He thought it was cool.他認為發(fā)信息很酷。Q11: What does the womans father think of text messaging? 解析：本題原文重現(xiàn)，提到女士的父親對發(fā)信息的觀點，He thinks its very childish and unprofessional to text message.很幼稚和不專業(yè)，和選項C) It is childish and unprofessional.對應，最終確認問題選擇C項。長對話（12-15）Conversation TwoW: Good morning, Mr. Johnson. How can I help you?（12）M: Well, Id like to talk to you about Tim Bond, the department manager.W: What seems to be the problem?（13）M: Well, ever since Sandra left the department, I feel like Ive been targeted to do all her work as well as mine. Im expected to attend too many meetings and I seem to be spending a lot of my time doing unnecessary paper work.W: Im sorry to hear that.（13）M: And, on top of that, Id specifically asked if I could leave early last Friday as I done a lot of overtime during the week. But that afternoon, even though Id finished my assigned work, I was told to help other colleagues finish their work, too.（14）W: But surely thats a positive sign showing that Mr. Bond has a lot of trust in you.M: Yes, but other colleagues get to leave early, and they dont have such a lot of work to do.（12）W: So you feel hes really making unrealistic demands on you?M: Yes, absolutely.W: Have you approached Mr. Bond about this particular problem?M: Ive tried, but it seems like he just has no time for me.W:（15） Well, at this stage, it would be better if you approached him directly. If nothing else showing that youve tried to solve the problem yourself before you take it further. Make it clear that youre just not a complainer. Why dont you send an email requesting a meeting with him in private?M: Hmm, Ive been a bit worried about his reaction. But anyway Ill send him an email to request a meeting, and Ill see what happens from there. Thanks for your advice.W: Good luck. And let us know the outcome.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation youve just heard.Q12. What do we learn about the man from the conversation?解析：對話第一個回合就提到男士要說關于他們經理的事情，也提到經理分配給他很多任務，由此可知其對他們經理有些不滿意，故答案選B)He is unhappy with his department manager.Q13. What is the mans chief complaint?解析：原文中也多次提到了男士關于其工作量的描述，全部是關于工作量太大的抱怨，所以可以總結出答案應該為A) His workload was much too heavy.Q14. How does the woman interpret the fact that the man was asked to help his colleagues with their work?解析：原文中關于男士對其工作量大的抱怨，回應說是出于信任Mr. Bond has a lot of trust in you. 原文內容和選項直接對應，故答案選C) His boss has a lot of trust in him.Q15. What did the woman advise the man to do? 解析：原文中關于男士的抱怨，女士提到一個表示建議的內容，Well, at this stage, it would be better if you approached him directly. 這句話中的approached him directly 對應選項中的Talk to his boss in person，屬于同義替換，故答案選D) Talk to his boss in person first.聽力篇章1（16-18）Passage One（17）The massive decline in sleep happened so slowly and quietly that few seemed to notice the trend. Was it because of the growing attraction of the Internet, video games and endless TV channels? Never disconnecting from work? （17）No matter how it happened, millions of Americans are putting their health, quality of life and even length of life in danger.（16）New evidence shows why getting enough sleep is a top priority. Some 40% of Americans get less than 7 hours of shut-eye on week nights. The link between sleep and health, and bad sleep and disease is becoming clearer and clearer. says Lawrence Alberstaine, a sleep expert at Harvard University. For example, sleep duration has declined from some 8 hours in the 1950s to 7 in recent years. At the same time, high blood pressure has become an increasing problem. Blood pressure and heart rate are typically at their lowest levels during sleep. （18）People who sleep less tend to have higher blood pressure, heart attack, diabetes, weight gain and other problems.（16）Sleeping better may help fight off illness. When people are sleep-derived, there are higher levels of stress hormones in their bodies which can decrease immune function. says Doctor Felice, of Northwestern University in Chicago. A university of Chicago study shows people who sleep well live longer. So say good night sooner and it may help you stay active and vital to a ripe old age.Q16. What is the speaker mainly talking about?解析：主旨大意題，根據原文內容可以知道文章主講的是睡眠的重要性。故答案選A) The importance of sleep to a healthy life。Q17. What do we learn from the talk about todays Americans?解析:文章開頭部分提到了關于睡眠時間減少的趨勢，接著說很多美國人的健康等受到了威脅，原文中的內容The massive decline in sleep happened so slowly對應選項中的They get less and less sleep，故答案選C。Q18. What does the speaker say will happen to people who lack sleep? 解析：原文中重現(xiàn)了選項中的信息，即缺少睡眠會使人血壓升高，確認問題后可判斷答案選D) Their blood pressure will rise。Passage Two（19-21）Parents and teachers will tell you not to worry when applying for a place at a university. But in the same breath will remind you that it is the most important decision of your life.（19）The first decision is your choice of course. It will depend on what you want to get out of university, what you are good at and what you enjoy. The next decision is where to apply. Aim high but within reason. Do you have the right combination of subjects and are your expected grades likely to meet entry requirements? The deadline is January 15th. But it is best to submit your application early because universities begin work as soon as forms start rolling in.（20）The most important part of the application is the much feared personal statement. This is your chance to convey boundless enthusiasm for the subject. So economy of expression is foremost. Omit dull and ineffective generalities and make sure you give concrete examples. Admissions officers read every personal statement that arrives. It is not convincing if you say you have chosen the subject because you enjoy it. You have to get across what it is about a particular area that has inspired you. （21） They will look for evidence that you have reflected and thought about the subject.Applicants should be honest. There is no point saying you run marathons, if you are going to be out of breath arriving at the interview on the second floor.Q19. What is the first decision you should make in preparing to apply for a place at a university?解析：第一道題直接原文重現(xiàn)，The first decision is your choice of course，和選項中的同義替換的表達對應，即答案B) What course you are going to chooseQ20. What is the most important part of the application?解析：聽力中的最高級的表達也要注意下，原文中提到申請最重要的部分是personal statement，故答案選D) The personal statementQ21. What must applicants do in their personal statements? 解析：本題選項中的C）Indicate they have reflected and thought about the subject在原文中有重現(xiàn)They will look for evidence that you have reflected and thought about the subject，原文中提到關于個人陳述的要求和注意事項。由此可以得出申請者在個人陳述中必須要做的事情是他們對于這個科目的想法和反思。Passage Three（22-25）（22）It is widely believed that German invented the first car in 1885. It was actually a tricycle with a petrol motor at the rear. Soon, members of the royal family and other wealthy people took up motoring as a sport. Many of the early cars had 2 seats. （23）There were no petrol pumps and few garages, so every driver had to be his own engineer for the frequent breakdowns.By 1905, cars began to look like cars of today, with head lamps, wind screen, rubble tires and number plates.（24） Henry Fords Model T introduced in America in 1909 was cheaper because it was made on the assembly line. It