直接引語變間接引語[超級經(jīng)典歸納].doc

專業(yè)整理分享 直接引語變間接引語（賓語從句）1 直接引語和間接引語的定義。 直接引語：直接引用別人的話叫直接引語， 間接引語：用自己的話轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話叫間接引語。 直接引語前后加引號；間接引語不必加引號。 He said, “ Im a student.” （直接引語 ） He said that he was a student. （間接引語） 主句 從句 主句 從句2 當直接引語為特殊疑問句變間接引語形成賓語從句時，首先要注意用特殊疑問詞，其后用陳述語序的句子，同時注意人稱、時態(tài)、時間狀語，連接詞，語序的變化.（一）人稱的變化規(guī)則：一隨主，二隨賓，第三人稱不更新。一隨主引號內(nèi)的第一人稱變間引后與主句主語的人稱保持一致He says,” I like math very much . He says that he likes math very much . 二隨賓引號內(nèi)的第二人稱變間引后與主句賓語的人稱保持一致HesaidtoLily,“youmustgetupearly”HetoldLilythatshemustgetupearly 三不用變引號內(nèi)的第三人稱在變間引后去人稱不變Shesaidtome,“Theywanttohelphim”Shetoldmethattheywantedhelphim（二）時態(tài)變化賓語從句時態(tài)變化規(guī)則：主現(xiàn)從不限；主過從四過（即4種過去的時態(tài)：一般過去時；過去進行時；過去將來時；過去完成時）； 客觀真理，只用一般現(xiàn)在時。1.主句一般現(xiàn)在時，從句可用任意時態(tài)。2.主句過去時，從句用相應的過去時態(tài)。即一般現(xiàn)在時改成一般過去時；現(xiàn)在進行時改成過去進行時；一般將來時改成過去將來時；一般過去時、現(xiàn)在完成時、過去完成時改成過去完成時。3.主句過去時，從句是客觀真理時，只用一般現(xiàn)在時。 Teacher told us: The moon moves round the earth. Teacher told us the moon moves round the earth.主句的時態(tài) 從句的時態(tài) 例句一般現(xiàn)在時 He says所需的任何時態(tài) He says,” he likes math very much . He says that he likes math very much 一般過去時 He said 直接引語間接引語 一般現(xiàn)在時一般過去時He said, “ he is a student.” He said that he was a student現(xiàn)在進行時過去進行時He said,“he is reading.”He said that he was reading一般將來時過去將來時He said,“he will go home”He said that he would go home一般過去時過去完成時He said，“he went home”He said that he had gone home現(xiàn)在完成時過去完成時He said，“he has gone home”He said that he had gone home過去完成時過去完成時He said，“he had gone home”He said that he had gone home(三)時間狀語變化直接引語間接引語指示代詞thisthesethatthose時間狀語nowtodaytonightthis weekyesterdaylast weekthree days agotomorrownext weekthenthat daythat nightthat weekthe day beforethe week beforethree days beforethe next day/ the following daythe next week/ the following week地點狀語herethere動詞comebringgotake(四)連接詞1從句為陳述句，常選擇連接詞that或?qū)hat省略，直接與主句相連。2從句為一般疑問句，常選擇連接詞if或whether。3從句為特殊疑問句，常選擇what,when,where,which,who,how等的疑問代、副詞作連接詞。注意：當who為主語時，句式為：who+謂語+其他直接引語 連接詞 例句注意事項 陳述句 that（常省略） He said to me, “ you can help her.”He said to me (that) I could help her.1. 連接詞：that2.引述動詞said, said to sbtold sb,等一般疑問句if / whether.“是否”He asked her, “ Do you love me?”He asked her whether she loved him.1.改為“陳述語序”。2.引述動詞asked3.去掉Do, Does, Did改變Are, Is, Will, Can位置特殊疑問句特殊疑問詞：what, who,why,how, which,when He asked his wife, “How are you?”He asked his wife how she was.He asked me, “ What color do you like?”He asked me what color I liked.1.改為“陳述語序”2.去掉Do, Does, Did改變Are, Is, Will, Can位置祈使句肯定ask (tell) sb. to do sthHe shouted, “ Lily, Close the door.”He told Lily to close the door.1. 不用連接詞2. 不改變時態(tài)。3. 無須考慮語序否定ask (tell) sb. not to do sth. He said to me, “Dont be late.”He asked me not to be late.注意：1. 語序不變的有：What the matter with you? Whats wrong with you? 但Whats the trouble with you?的語序要變 1）從句中有or / or not 。例：she asks whether he stayed 。2.只用 whether 2）與不定式to do 連用。例：I cant decide whether to tell him the news 3) 在介詞后。例：they are talking about whether they can afford the new house 用法是有區(qū)別的，但當if/whether同時出現(xiàn)在選項中的時候，我們要選whether3.賓語從句語序：陳語述序，即：連接詞+主語+謂語+其它。 或 連接詞（此時連接詞充當主語）+謂語+其它。 陳述語序中： be動詞、助動詞、情態(tài)動詞不能提到主語前。例：1）can you tell me where is the hospital (錯） can you tell me where the hospital is.(對） 2）I dont know whether does he speak Chinese (錯） I dont know whether he speaks Chinese (對） 3）I am not sure what can he do (錯） I am not sure what he can do (對）中考考點：時態(tài)、語序、連接詞 練習題 完美DOC格式 一、填空，每空一詞：1.“I am having supper,” he said. He said that _ _ having supper.2.“Ive seen the film,” Gina said to me. Gina _ me that she _ _ the film. 3. “I went home with my sister,” she said. She said that _ _ _ home with her sister.4.The teacher said, “The sun is bigger than the moon.” The teacher said that the sun _ bigger than the moon.5.“I met her yesterday,” he said to me. He told me that he _ met her the day _.6. “You must come here before five,” he said. He said that I _ to go _ before five.7.“I bought the computer two weeks ago,” she said. She said that she _ bought the computer two weeks _.8. “Did you read the book last week?” he said. He _ _ I had read the book the week _.9. He said, “You can sit here, Jim.” He _ Jim that he _ sit there10.He asked, “How did you find it, mother?” He asked her mother _ _ _ found it.11. “Where have you been these days?” he asked. He asked me _ _ _ been _ days. 12“Do you know where she lives?” he asked. He asked _ _ knew where she _.13. “Keep quiet, children.” he said. He _ the children _ _ quiet.14. “Dont look out of the window,” she said. She told me _ _ _ out of the window. 15. “Are you interested in this?” he said. He _ _ I was interested in _.二、選擇：1. Our teacher asked us _ our dictionaries to school. A. bring B. brought C. bring D. to bring2. The teacher told the boy students _ football on the grass. A. not play B. not to play C. played D. playing3. _ Tom didnt go to school?A. Do you know how B. Why do you know C. How you know why D. Do you know why4. She looks sad. Could you please tell me _ that prevents her from being as happy as before? A. what it is B. it is what C. how it is D. it is how5. Betty asked her sister _ to the railway station to see her off. A. not to come B. not to go C. to not come D. to not go6. The pupil asked his teacher _ round the earth. A. weather the moon goes B. that the moon went C. whether the moon goes D. whether the moon went7. Mr. Li _ Wang Ling _ a taxi to the airport. A. asked; take B. asked; taking C. told; take D. told; to take8. She asked him _. A. whose dictionary this is B. whose dictionary that was C. whose dictionary is this D. whose dictionary that is9. Marys mother asked her _. A. that whether she had finished her homework B. if she has finished her homework C. if she had finished her homework D. that if she had finished her homework10. Do you know _? A. what is he doing B. what he doing C. what he is doing D. what does he do now11. I dont know _ to learn English. A. when did he begin B. when he began C. he when began D. when he begins12. He asked me _. A. how would the weather be like tomorrow B. what the weather would be like the next day C. how the weather would be like tomorrow D. what would the weather be like the next day13. You cant imagine _ when they received these nice Spring Festival presents. A. how excited they were B. how excited were they C. how they were excited D. they were how excited14. She told me that she _ by her relatives at the bus stop. A. had been seen off B. have seen off C. have been seen off D. had seen off15. Do you remember how many times _ to Australia? A. had you been B. did you go C. have you been D. you have been16. Can you guess _? A. what is that man B. who that man is C. whom that man is D. who is that man17. More and more students and teachers have began to know _. A. how important the foreign language are B. how the foreign language is important C. how important the foreign language is D. how important is the foreign language18. The hostess said that it _ time that they _ supper. A. was; had B. was; had had C. is; have D. is; have had19. The boss asked his secretary _ he had finished typing the report _. A. if; or not B. if; not C. whether; or not D. whether; not20. I wonder how much _. A. does he spend on his car B. did he spend on his car C. he spent on his car D. he spent in his car答案一、填空1. he, was。在直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時，代詞I要變?yōu)閔e；主句為過去時態(tài)，賓語從句通常要將時態(tài)往后推一個，即現(xiàn)在進行時am having變?yōu)檫^去進行時was having。2. told, had, seen。直接引語中的said to sb在變?yōu)殚g接引語時應改為told sb；現(xiàn)在完成時have seen改為過去完成時had seen。3. she, had, gone。直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時，人稱代詞I 應變?yōu)閟he；一般過去時went改為過去完成時had gone。4. is。直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時，若直接引語為客觀真理，則變?yōu)殚g接引語時時態(tài)不變。5. had, before。直接引語是一般過去時met，變?yōu)殚g接引語時應改為過去完成時had met；時間狀語yesterday應改為the day before6. had, there。如直接引語中的謂語動詞含有情態(tài)動詞must，變?yōu)殚g接引語時用had to；地點狀語here 相應地改為there。7. had, before。直接引語是一般過去時bought，變?yōu)殚g接引語時應改為過去完成時had bought；時間狀語two weeks ago應改為two weeks before。8. asked, if (whether), before。當直接引語是一般疑問句，變?yōu)殚g接引語時said應改為asked，然后加上連接詞if或whether；時間狀語last week 改為the week before。9. told, could。根據(jù)句意第一空應用動詞told；直接引語中含有情態(tài)動詞can，變?yōu)殚g接引語時應改為could。10. how, she, had。如果直接引語是特殊疑問句，變?yōu)殚g接引語時仍用how引導，疑問句語序改為陳述句語序，一般過去時改為過去將來