形容詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)詳解與練習(xí).doc

形容詞副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí) 英語(yǔ)中大多數(shù)形容詞是可以分等級(jí)的，一般有三個(gè)等級(jí)：原級(jí)，比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)。注意：英語(yǔ)中有些形容詞說(shuō)明形狀、材質(zhì)等，還有形容詞沒有程度可分或其本身就表示某種程度，故而沒有比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)。常見的有：right 正確的 wrong 錯(cuò)誤的 excellent 最好的 final 最后的 last 最后的 possible 可能的 first 第一的 east 東方的 empty 空的 wooden 木制的 impossible 不可能的favorite 最喜歡的 round 圓的 golden 金色的 square 方的形容詞副詞比較等級(jí)的構(gòu)成：1. 規(guī)則變化ID構(gòu)成方式原級(jí)比較級(jí)最高級(jí)1一般情況，直接加詞尾er或者esttallyoungtaller youngertallestyoungest 2以e結(jié)尾的，加r或stnicelargenicerlargernicestlargest3以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的，把yi,再加er或esthappybusyhappierbusierhappiestbusiest4以重讀閉音節(jié)(輔元輔結(jié)構(gòu))結(jié)尾的，雙寫結(jié)尾的輔音字母，再加er或est.bighotthinbiggerhotterthinnerbiggesthottestthinnest5雙音節(jié)或多音節(jié)的形容詞可以在形容詞原級(jí)前直接加more/less或most/least構(gòu)成形容詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)usefulcarefuldifficultexpensivemoreusefulmorecarefulmoredifficultlessexpensivemostusefulmostcarefulmostdifficultleastexpensive注：(1). 以否定前綴un-構(gòu)成的三音節(jié)形容詞不適合上述情況，如unhappy-unhappier-unhappiest; untidy-untidier-untidiest. (2). 以形容詞+ly構(gòu)成的副詞要在前面加more，most,如：slowly, quickly, softly,angrily等。(3). 由-ing分詞和-ed分詞演變過來(lái)的形容詞(包括不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞如knowknown)只能加more或most來(lái)表示它們的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)。如：excited, tired, boring;(4). 以-y, -er, -ow, -le結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞，末尾加-er, -est. 如： able，healthy, funny, busy, hungry, easy, happy, early, pretty, lazy, heavy, dirty, clever, narrow等。(5). new,few,slow,clean等詞含有字母組合，且發(fā)的是長(zhǎng)元音，不用雙寫。2.不規(guī)則變化ID原級(jí)比較級(jí)最高級(jí)1good/ well betterbest2ill/ bad/ badlyworse worst3many/ muchmoremost4littleless least5farfarther/furtherfarthest/ furthest6oldolder/ elderoldest/eldest 注：1、只有少數(shù)形容詞和副詞有兩種比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)形式：clever，old，far 2、特別提醒：further不僅可以指“距離更遠(yuǎn)”，還可指“程度更深”。記住以下三個(gè)詞組：furtherstudy(進(jìn)修)，further，education(繼續(xù)教育) further information(進(jìn)一步的信息).elder表示“前輩的”、“年紀(jì)較長(zhǎng)的”，僅用于同一家庭成員的比較；通常只能指人，且只作定語(yǔ)（即只用于修飾名詞）。如: eldersister(姐姐)，elder brother(哥哥)，elder son長(zhǎng)子；older 則不受這些限制。補(bǔ)充用于不可數(shù)名詞用于可數(shù)名詞表示 “多”much more the mostmany more the most表示 “少”little less the leastFew fewer the fewest比較等級(jí)的用法：一、原級(jí)形容詞的本來(lái)形式就是形容詞的原級(jí)。用原級(jí)進(jìn)行比較時(shí)可以使用下面兩種結(jié)構(gòu)(同級(jí)比較)：1.表示比較的雙方相等，用”asas”結(jié)構(gòu)，“與.一樣”。表示“前者像后者一樣”，即A+be+as+形容詞原級(jí)+as+B.e.g.Johnisastallashisbrother. Wellgiveyouasmuchhelpaswecan. YoureaboyasgoodasTom.=YoureasgoodaboyasTom.你和湯姆是一樣好的孩子。2.表示比較的雙方不相等(形容詞原級(jí)表示比較級(jí)含義)：，用“notasas”結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“不如，不及”，表示“前者不如后者”，即A+be+notas+形容詞原級(jí)+as+B.。e.g.Johnisnotastallashisbrother. Sheisntas(so)activeinsportsasbefore.JohnisnotsostupidasMike.=JohnislessstupidthanMike.=JohnisclevererthanMike.約翰不象邁克那么笨。3. 表示A是B的多少倍：A+be+倍數(shù)+as.as+B. 如：Theearthis49timesasbigasthemoon. My ruler is twice as long as yours. 二、比較級(jí)當(dāng)把一個(gè)人或物同另外一個(gè)人或物比較時(shí)，就需要用到形容詞比較級(jí)。其結(jié)構(gòu)是：A+be+形容詞比較級(jí)+than+B.e.g.JackieistallerthanAlex,butAlexisheavierthanJackie.注意：1. 比較級(jí)后面往往用連詞than連接另一個(gè)比較的人或事物，但在上下文明確的情況下，形容詞比較級(jí)可單獨(dú)使用。 例如：Thisrulerisverylong,butthatoneislonger.這把尺子很長(zhǎng)，那把尺子更長(zhǎng)。2. 在比較級(jí)中為了避免重復(fù)，than后面要用that或those來(lái)代替用來(lái)比較的名詞。如：In summer, the weather in Chongqing is hotter than that in Yibin. 在夏季，重慶的天氣比宜賓的天氣熱。The flowers in my garden are much more beautiful than those in the park.我家花園里的花要比那個(gè)公園里的花漂亮多了。比較級(jí)的幾種特殊用法：1. 用比較級(jí)表示最高級(jí)A+be+比較級(jí)+than+anyother+單數(shù)名詞，或者，A+be+比較級(jí)+than+theother+復(fù)數(shù)名詞Heistallerthananyotherstudentintheclass. =He is taller than the other students in the class.他比班上其他的同學(xué)都高。2. 兩個(gè)中比較的A+the+比較級(jí)+ofthetwo/pair/twins： Heistheclevererofthetwo. =Ofthetwoboys,heistheclever.他是這兩個(gè)中比較聰明的3. 越來(lái)越Moreandmore 注：這里的more代表比較級(jí)，而不是說(shuō)一定是more, 如說(shuō)，越來(lái)越聰明就該說(shuō)：clevererandcleverer.一般和動(dòng)詞be, get, become（變得）連用。HeisgettingmoreandmorehandsomeItisbecomingcheaperandcheaper4. 越就越Themorethemore注：此處的more和上面一樣，代表比較級(jí)。如： Thericheryouare,thehappieryouwillbe. The harder you work, the better your grades will be. 5. 表示大多少，多多少，高多少等A+be+數(shù)量詞+比較級(jí)+than+B. 如：Sheistwoyearsolderthanme她比我大兩歲.6. 表示倍數(shù)，A+be+數(shù)詞+times+形容詞比較級(jí)+than+BOurroomistwicelargerthantheirs.我們的房間是他們的兩倍大。注：兩倍為twice而不是twotimes.7.morethan多余，超過，相當(dāng)于over；lessthan少于，不足。 如： Heismorethan(over)80yearsoldIhavelessthanfiveyuan. 使用比較級(jí)時(shí)常見的錯(cuò)誤:(1)more 不可修飾比較級(jí)，但是much可以用來(lái)加強(qiáng)比較級(jí)，意為“.的多”、“更.”。She looks more younger than I. () She looks much younger than I. ()拓展：修飾比較級(jí)的詞或詞組除了書上所列舉的much和a little以外，還可以用alot,far, abit, a little, many,still, even等，但一定不能用very，more，quite, too, so等.如：Ifeelmuchbetternow.我現(xiàn)在感覺好多了。Thisboxisa littleheavierthanthatone.這只箱子比那只箱子重一點(diǎn)兒。(2)比較的對(duì)象或范圍出現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤。A、比較對(duì)象不對(duì)等：The weather of Shanghai is hotter than Beijing. () (比較的對(duì)象應(yīng)該是北京的天氣，而不是北京）The weather of Shanghai is hotter than that of Beijing. () 上海的天氣比北京的熱(that代天氣)B、邏輯錯(cuò)誤： 從比較范圍上看，如果在同一范圍內(nèi)，形容詞的比較級(jí)必須把自己排除掉，即自己不能與自己相比，而最高級(jí)必須包含自己。 例如：1.他比他班的任何一個(gè)學(xué)生都高。誤：Heistallerthananystudentinhisclass.(he包括在anystudent里面)正：Heistallerthananyotherstudentinhisclass.(anyotherstudent里面已排除了he) 2. 這塊手表是所有手表中最好的。誤：Thiswatchisthebestofalltheotherwatches.(alltheotherwatches不包含前面的thiswatch)正：Thiswatchisthebestofallthewatches.(allthewatches包含前面的thiswatch) 3.中國(guó)比亞洲任何別的國(guó)家都大。誤：China is larger than any country in Asia. () (出現(xiàn)了邏輯上的錯(cuò)誤，中國(guó)在亞洲范圍內(nèi)，應(yīng)當(dāng)排除在外)正：China is larger than any other country in Asia. () 中國(guó)比亞洲別的國(guó)家要大。 注意：如果不在同一范圍內(nèi)，比較級(jí)就不必把前面的主語(yǔ)排除掉。 例如：ShanghaiislargerthananycityinAustralia.上海比澳大利亞任何城市都大。 (上海不屬于澳大利亞，所以city前不必加other) 試比較：ShanghaiislargerthananyothercityinChina.上海比中國(guó)任何一座城市都大三、最高級(jí)三者或三者以上的人或物進(jìn)行比較，表示其中程度最高的比較形式需要使用形容詞的最高級(jí)。其結(jié)構(gòu)是：A+be+the形容詞最高級(jí)+of/in+比較范圍.(注:形容詞最高級(jí)前面通常要加定冠詞the)e.g.Jackieisthetallestinourclass.orJackieisthetallestofallthestudents.須注意的情況： 1、最高級(jí)后面往往用of或in介詞短語(yǔ)來(lái)表示形容詞的最高級(jí)的比較范圍（of或in短語(yǔ)可提前到句首）。of短語(yǔ)所指的范圍通常是一群人或一些事物，而不是一個(gè)場(chǎng)所；如果指一個(gè)場(chǎng)所，則用介詞in。例如：Heisthestrongestofthethree.他是三個(gè)人中身體最強(qiáng)壯的。 Heisthestrongestinourclass.他是我們班里身體最強(qiáng)壯的。 2、形容詞最高級(jí)前通常要加定冠詞the, 而以下幾種情況一般不需要加定冠詞the:（1）形容詞最高級(jí)前有序數(shù)詞、物主代詞、指示代詞或名詞所有格等限定詞修飾時(shí),最高級(jí)前不用the。如: The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.黃河是中國(guó)第二長(zhǎng)河。 TheChangjiangRiveristhelongestriverinChina.長(zhǎng)江是中國(guó)第一大河。 Heisourbestteacher.他是我們最好的老師。（2） 形容詞最高級(jí)在句中作表語(yǔ)而比較范圍又不明確時(shí),最高級(jí)前不用the。如:They are happiest on Saturdays.他們?cè)谛瞧诹羁鞓贰＃?）如果兩個(gè)形容詞最高級(jí)并列修飾同一個(gè)名詞時(shí),第二個(gè)形容詞最高級(jí)前不加the。如:He is the youngest and tallest boy in his class.他是班上年齡最小、個(gè)子最高的男孩。 3、表示“最.之一”，one of the+形容詞最高級(jí)+名詞復(fù)數(shù)。 如：one of the largest countries最大的國(guó)家之一, one of the tallest people最高的人之一注：副詞最高級(jí)前常省略the。 重點(diǎn)與難點(diǎn)：(1)tooto與so/suchthatsb.cant的句型轉(zhuǎn)換：前者為簡(jiǎn)單句，主語(yǔ)只有一個(gè)，而后者為復(fù)合句，主語(yǔ)有兩個(gè)，試比較：Themanwastooangrytobeabletospeak.=Themanwassoangrythathewasntabletospeak.Themilkwastoohottodrink.=Themilkwassohotthatwecantdrinkit.The boy is too young to go to school. =The boy is so young that he cant go to to school. = He is such a young boy that he cant go to school. (2)tooto與notenoughto句型的轉(zhuǎn)換：Heistooyoungtogetmarried.=Heisnotoldenoughtogetmarried.Thebookistoodifficultformetoread.=Thebookisnoteasyenoughformetoread.附加練習(xí): 形容詞比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)一、寫出下列單詞的反義詞1. hot 2.new_3. clean_ 4. high_5. heavy_6.cold_7. bad_二、寫出下列形容詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)old _ _busy _ _ thin _ _long_wide_fat_heavy_unhappy_brightly_-_quickly_slow_few_badly_far_happy_-_ many _ _ 5. delicious _ _三、用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空：1. Bob is_ ( young ) than Fred but _ (tall) than Fred.2. Yingtian is not as _ (tall) as Yongxian.3. Almost all the students faces are the same but Li Deming looks _ (fat) than before .4. Which is _ (heavy), a hen or a chicken?5.- How_ (tall) is Sally? -She s 1.55 metres_ (tall). What about Xiaoling?- She s only 1.40 metres _ (tall). She is much _(short) than Sally. She is also the _ (short)girl inthe class.6. He is_ (bad) at learning maths. He is much_ (bad) at Chinese and he is the_(bad) at English.7. Annie says Sally is the _ (kind) person in the world.8.He is one of the_(friendly) people in the class, I think.9. A dictionary is much _ (expensive) than a story-book.10. An orange ia a little _ (big) than an apple, but much _ (small) than a watermelon(西瓜).11.Miss Chen is _ _than Mr. Wang. (popular)12. Mr. Lin is _ than Mr. Brown. (sad)13. The basketball is _ than the baseball. (big)14. Question A is _ than Question B. (important)15. A rose is _than a weed(野草). (beautiful)16. Toronto is _ _ city in Canada. (large)17. Playing computer games is_ _ _ of all the activities.(interesting).18. The Nile(尼羅河) is _ _river in the world. (long)19. Good health is _ _ _thing life. (important)20. Taking a taxi is _ _ way to get to the airport. (easy)21. Test 1 is _ _ _of all the tests. （difficult）22. He is _than any other boy in the class.（clever）23. She is_ than all the other students. (young)24. The window is _ _ of the two. (narrow)25. Where is the _bus-stop? (near)26. He is one of _ _ _politicians(政治家). (famous)27. Tom drives much _ _than John. (careful)28. The white flower is _(beautiful). The yellow flower is _ _ (beautiful)than the white flower. The red flower is the _ _ of the three.29. Your classroom is _(wide)and _(bright) than ours. 30. Is your sister _(young) than you? Yes,she is. 31. Who is_(thin),you or Helen? Helen is. 32.Fangfang is not as _ (tall) as the other girls. 33.My eyes are _(big) than _ (she). 34.Which is_(heavy),the elephant or the pig?35. Johns parents have four daughters, and she is the _ (young) child.36.This book is not as _ (interesting) as that one. 37. Saturday is my _ (busy) day in a week.38. Her mother is getting _(fat) and _ (fat). 39. I think it s too expensive. I d like a _ (cheap) one. 40. He comes to school much _ (early) than I. 41. - Annie plays the piano very _ (well). - Sue plays it _ (well) than Annie. And Sally plays it the _ (well).42. Sue is a little _ (beautiful) than her sister. 43. My room is not as _ (big) as my brother s. 44. -How difficult is physics? -I m not sure. - Is it _ (difficult) than maths? - I don t think so.45. Most of the students think a lion is much _(dangerous) than a bear and it is the _ (dangerous) animal in the world. 46. The apples in the other shop are and .(cheap; good) 47. Many of the stars are so away that we cant see them. (far) 48. The Yangtze River(長(zhǎng)江) is very_ (long) . In fact, its_river in China (long) .49. The _ (much), the _ (good). 50. Nowadays(現(xiàn)在) English is _( important ) than any other subject, I think.51. Tom can jump _(high). He jumps _(high) than the other boys in his class. 52. Janet sing _(well) in her class. She can sing _(well) than her music teacher, too. 53. My father is _(handsome). But my brother is _(handsome) than him. He is _(handsome) in my family. 54. I have _(many) books in my class. But my teacher has _(many) books than _(I). 55.Their house is much _(old) than _(we). 56. She dances _(well) than _(he). 57. His house are _(small) of the four. 58. Does her mother get up _(early) than _(you)? 59. Which eats _(many), the mouse, the dog or the horse? 60. Which is _ (heavy), a hen or a chicken?61. Of the two girls, I find Lucy the _ (clever). 62. Gold(黃金) is _ (little) useful than iron(鐵). 63. Practice as _ (much) as you can.64. My brother is two years _(old)than I / me.65. The _ (cheap) bags are not usually the best ones. 66. Li Deming looks _ (fat) than before after the summer holidays.67. The boy is not so _ (interesting) as his brother. 68. Dick sings _ (well), she sings _(well) than John, but Mary sings_(well) in her class. 69. She will be much _ (happy) in her new house. 70. Alice is not as _ (tall) as Mike.四、 選擇題( )1. She is _ than _ . A. busier / us B. busier / our C. more busy / us D. more busy / we( )2. Jane is _ than Betty. A. less taller B. less tallest C. less tall D. not as tall( )3. China is _ country in the world. A. the third largest B. the largest third C. the third large D. a third largest( )4. -Which is _ season in Beijing?-I think its autumn.A.good B.better C.best D.the best( )5- Which is_ , the sun, the moon or the earth?- Of course, the moon is.A.small B.smaller C.smallest D.the smallest( )6.The air in Beijing is getting much _ now than a few years ago.A. clean B. cleaner C. cleanest D. the cleanest( )7. Mobile phones are very popular now and they are _ than before.A. cheap B. cheaper C. cheapest D. the cheapest( )8I study English as_as my brother. A.hard B. harder C. hardest( )9. Which is _ , a bicycle or a computer? A. expensive B.more expensive C.the most expensive( )10. The Yellow River is one of _rivers in China. A long B longer C the longest( )11Hefeels_todaythanyesterday.A.tiredB.moretiredC.moretirederD.muchtired( )12.Whichdoyoulike_,coffee,teaormilk?A.theworstB.worseC.theworseD.worst( )13.Ofthetwotoys,thechildchose_.A.themore expensiveB.onemostexpensiveC.aleastexpensiveD.themostexpensiveofthem( )14.Thelineis_thanthatone.A.morelongerB.notlongerC.muchmorelongerD.manymorelonger( )15.She is the second _student in our class. A. tall B. taller C. tallest( )16.Thebookis_ofthetwo. A.thinner B.thethinner C.morethinner D.thethinnest( )17.Shelooks_thanshedoes. A.themoreolder B.veryolder C.mucholder D.moreolder( )18.Thegardenisbecoming_. A.morebeautifulandmore B.morebeautifulandbeautiful C.moreandmorebeautiful D.morebeautifulandbeautifuler( )19.Theycompeted（比賽）toseewhocouldwork_.A.thefastestandbest B.thefasterandthebetter C.fastestandbetter D.fasterandbetter( )20._hurry,_speed(欲速則不達(dá)). A.More,less B.Much,little C.Themore,theless D.Themuch,thelittle( )21.Thiskindofcoffeeisdifferent_.A.anditisalsobetter B.andbetterthantheother C.butalsothanothers D.fromtheother,andbetter( )22.Theearthis_themoon.A.as49timesbigas B.49timesasbiggeras C.49timesasbigas D.asbigas49timesKeys: ACADD BBABC BDABC BCCAC DC五、翻譯句子： 1本書跟那本書一樣有趣。 This book is _ _ _ that one. 2你游泳沒有你弟弟好。 You cant swim _ _ _ your brother. 3今天比昨天冷的多。 It is _ _ today_ it was yesterday. 4這個(gè)故事比另一個(gè)有趣得多。 This sto