初中高中英語(yǔ)八大時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài).doc

初中英語(yǔ)八大時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)總復(fù)習(xí)一、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：概念：經(jīng)常、反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或行為及現(xiàn)在的某種狀況。時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, every week (day, year, month), once a week, on Sundays(=every Sunday) , etc.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：be動(dòng)詞；行為動(dòng)詞否定形式：am/is/are+not;此時(shí)態(tài)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞若為行為動(dòng)詞，則在其前加dont,如主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù)，則用doesnt，同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞。一般疑問(wèn)句：把be動(dòng)詞放于句首；用助動(dòng)詞do提問(wèn)，如主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù)，則用does，同時(shí)，還原行為動(dòng)詞。二、一般過(guò)去時(shí)：概念：過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間里發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)；過(guò)去習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作、行為。時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：ago,yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：be動(dòng)詞；行為動(dòng)詞否定形式：was/were+not;在行為動(dòng)詞前加didnt，同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞。一般疑問(wèn)句：was或were放于句首；用助動(dòng)詞do的過(guò)去式did 提問(wèn)，同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞。三、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：概念：表示現(xiàn)階段或說(shuō)話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作及行為。時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：now, at this time, these days, etc.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：am/is/are+doing否定形式：am/is/are+not+doing.一般疑問(wèn)句：把be動(dòng)詞放于句首。四、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)：概念：表示過(guò)去某段時(shí)間或某一時(shí)刻正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行的行為或動(dòng)作。時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引導(dǎo)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)等?；窘Y(jié)構(gòu)：was/were+doing否定形式：was/were + not + doing.一般疑問(wèn)句：把was或were放于句首。五、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：概念：過(guò)去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，或從過(guò)去已經(jīng)開(kāi)始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：recently, lately, sincefor,in the past few years, etc.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：have/has+done否定形式：have/has + not +d one.一般疑問(wèn)句：have或has。六、過(guò)去完成時(shí)：概念：以過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，在此以前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或行為，或在過(guò)去某動(dòng)作之前完成的行為，即“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”。時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：before,by the end of last year(term,month),etc.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：had+done.否定形式：had + not + done.一般疑問(wèn)句：had放于句首。七、一般將來(lái)時(shí)：概念：表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)及打算、計(jì)劃或準(zhǔn)備做某事。時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：tomorrow,next day(week,month,year),soon,in a few minutes,by,the day after tomorrow,etc.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：am/is/are/going to + do；will/shall + do.否定形式：was/were + not;在行為動(dòng)詞前加didnt，同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞。一般疑問(wèn)句：be放于句首；will/shall提到句首。八、過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)：概念：立足于過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻，從過(guò)去看將來(lái)，常用于賓語(yǔ)從句中。時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：the next day(morning,year),the following month(week),etc.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：was/were/going to + do；would/should + do.否定形式：was/were/not + going to + do;would/should + not + do.一般疑問(wèn)句：was或were放于句首；would/should 提到句首。. 幾種常見(jiàn)時(shí)態(tài)的相互轉(zhuǎn)換英語(yǔ)中的幾種時(shí)態(tài)在一定情況下可以互相轉(zhuǎn)換，以下是幾種常見(jiàn)的轉(zhuǎn)換形式：一、一般過(guò)去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的轉(zhuǎn)換在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中，延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞能與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用，瞬間動(dòng)詞卻不能。但是，可用別的表達(dá)方式：瞬間動(dòng)詞用于“一段時(shí)間+ ago”的一般過(guò)去時(shí)的句型中；瞬間動(dòng)詞可改成與之相對(duì)應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞及短語(yǔ)，與一段時(shí)間連用；瞬間動(dòng)詞用于“It is + 一段時(shí)間+ since+ 一般過(guò)去時(shí)”的句型中，表示“自從以來(lái)有時(shí)間”的意思，主句一般用it is來(lái)代替It has been;瞬間動(dòng)詞用于“Some time has passed since+ 一般過(guò)去時(shí)”的句型中。請(qǐng)看：A. He joined the League two years ago.B. He has been in the League for two years.C. It is two years since he joined the League.D. Two years has passed since he joined the League.二、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的轉(zhuǎn)換在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)中，at加上名詞表示“處于某種狀態(tài)”，如at work（在工作）, at school（上學(xué)、上課）等。此短語(yǔ)可與進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換。請(qǐng)看：Peter is at work,but Mike is at play.Peter is working,but Mike is playing.三、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)與一般將來(lái)時(shí)的轉(zhuǎn)換在現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)中g(shù)o,come,leave,start, arrive等動(dòng)詞常與表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。如：I am coming, Mum! 意為“我就來(lái)，媽媽！”請(qǐng)看：The train is leaving soon.The train will leave soon.四、“be going to+動(dòng)詞原形”與“will(shall)+動(dòng)詞原形”結(jié)構(gòu)的轉(zhuǎn)換“be going to+動(dòng)詞原形”、表示打算、計(jì)劃要做的事；將來(lái)時(shí)“will(shall)+動(dòng)詞原形”結(jié)構(gòu)在書(shū)面語(yǔ)中，當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為第一人稱時(shí)，常用助動(dòng)詞shall。在口語(yǔ)中，所有人稱都可以用will。請(qǐng)看：We are going to visit the Great Wall next Sunday.We shall visit the Great Wall next Sunday. 中考動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)考點(diǎn)分析一、 根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)確定時(shí)態(tài)的原則1. Hurry up! The play for ten minutes. (2002遼寧) A. has begun B. had begun C. has been on D. began 析 1. C。since后接時(shí)間的起點(diǎn)，for后接時(shí)間段，主句動(dòng)詞用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，應(yīng)注意瞬間動(dòng)詞與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的使用。二、 在復(fù)合句根據(jù)時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)確定時(shí)態(tài)的原則2. Do you know if back next week? If he back, please let me know. (2002黑龍江 )A. he comes; will come B. will he come; comes C. he will come; comes D. will he come; will come 析 2. C。if既可引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，也可引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句。充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句的連接詞時(shí)，相當(dāng)于whether，詞義是“是否”。充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)從句的連接詞時(shí)，詞義是“如果”。從時(shí)態(tài)看，if引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)根據(jù)主句的時(shí)態(tài)作相應(yīng)的變化；引導(dǎo)表示將來(lái)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的條件句時(shí)，若主句用一般將來(lái)時(shí)，則從句通常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)。三、 根據(jù)上下文已有時(shí)態(tài)信息點(diǎn)確定時(shí)態(tài)的原則3. When this kind of computer ? -Last year. (2002天津) A. did; use B. was; used C. is; used D. are; used析 3. B。此例由下句的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)推斷出一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，并且要考慮到被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。四、 利用上下文語(yǔ)意確定時(shí)態(tài)的原則4. Hi! Lin Tao. I didnt see you at the party. -Oh, I ready for the maths exam. (2002江西) A. am getting B. was getting C. got D. have got析 4. B。此例由didnt, at the party推斷出應(yīng)用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。五、 時(shí)態(tài)中的“特殊”對(duì)策的原則5. The teacher told us yesterday that December 25 Christmas Day. (2002遼寧) A. is B. was C. has been D. will be析 5. A。 有些動(dòng)詞其動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)是“違背常理”的。如賓語(yǔ)從句表示的是一個(gè)客觀事實(shí)或客觀真理時(shí)，其時(shí)態(tài)不受主句限制而用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示。. 中考實(shí)戰(zhàn)題練兵A) Fill in the blanks with the right forms of the verb tense:1. Mr Brown will go fishing if it (not rain) tomorrow. (2002徐州市)2. I think he (be) back in a week. (2002南京市)3. Who (knock) at the door? -I dont know. Let me go and see. (2002連云港市)4. Bill is strict with himself. He never (leave) todays work for tomorrow. (2002連云港市)5. - your uncle (return) the video tapes to Mr Fox? -No. Theyre still in his bedroom. (2002南通市)6. By the end of last term, they (work) there for ten years. (2002遼寧)7. Mr. Wang (read) a newspaper in the office at this time yesterday. (2002上海市)8. Mr. Green and his wife (live) in London for a few years before they(come) to work in China in 2001. (2002曲靖市)9. They never knew what (happen) to the world in a hundred years. (2002南充)10. About 400 years ago, Galileo(伽利略) proved that the earth (go) around the sun. (2002陜西)Part B Voices.The Passive Voice一、Voices: The Active and Passive VoicesActive Voice 主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) Passive VoiceMany people speak English. English is spoken by many people.They found the dinosaur eggs in Liaoning. The dinosaur eggs were found in Liaoning.We must do something to stop the pollution. Something must be done to stop the pollution.二、The formations of the passive voices of different tenses(A): 方 式時(shí) 間一 般 進(jìn) 行完 成現(xiàn) 在amis + pp.areamis being + pp.arehas been + pp.have 過(guò) 去was + pp. were was being + pp.werehad been + pp.將 來(lái)shall be + pp.will過(guò) 去將 來(lái)should be + pp. wouldThe formations of the passive voices of modal verbs(B):must/can/ may/should + be + pp.三、When to use the Passive Voice:1. 行為主體不明確，不必說(shuō)出或者無(wú)法說(shuō)出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)。Football is played all over the world.2. 不易找到或根本就找不到動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)。My bike was stolen.3. 漢語(yǔ)含有“據(jù)說(shuō)”、“有人說(shuō)”等時(shí)。It is said that another bridge has been built over the ChangjiangRiver.4. 漢語(yǔ)中含有“被”、“由”等詞時(shí)。Wei Hua is asked to come by Lin Tao.5. 漢語(yǔ)中沒(méi)有“被”、“由”等詞，而在原句中試加這類詞且句意通順時(shí)。These songs are usually sung by boys.6. 某些句子習(xí)慣上用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。He was born in October, 1988.7. 表示禮貌時(shí)。You are friendly invited to come to our English party at 8:00p.m. tomorrow.（Note: 用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中的動(dòng)詞是及物動(dòng)詞，不及物動(dòng)詞不能用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。）. 中考實(shí)戰(zhàn)題練兵A) Fill in the blanks with the right forms of the verbs given:1. Last month, in the first match of the 17th World Cup, France (beat)0-1 by a new teamSenegal. (2002南京市)2. How many fridges (produce) in China in the last two years? (2002徐州市)3. No dictionary should (bring) to the English exam, boys and girls! (2002連云港市)4. That day each of us (give) ten dollars after we finish the work.(2002連云港市)5. They (warn) not to touch the machine while they were visiting the workshop. (2001吉林)B) Multiple Choice:( ) 1. I dont know the school, but its to be quite a good one. (2002蘇州市)A. told B. spoken C. talked D. said( ) 2. Please dont stand up in class until you . (2002泰州市)A. were told to B. are told to C. were told D. are told( )3. If Mg in O2, we MgO, and it combination reaction(化學(xué)變化). (2202泰州市)A. will burn; get; calls B. burns; will get; calledC. will burn; can get; is calling D. burns; will get; is called( ) 4. Please tell me when on the wall. (2002無(wú)錫市)A. has this map hung B. was this map hungC. this map has hung D. this map was hung( ) 5. The doctor will operate on him at once as soon as he the hospital. (2002常州市) A. is sent to B. will be taken to C. leaves D. doesn