英語(yǔ)句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析講解.doc

定義 ：構(gòu)成句子的各個(gè)部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分：主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)次要成分：表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday .主語(yǔ) 謂語(yǔ) 定語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ) 同位語(yǔ) 狀語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)（subject）句子說(shuō)明的人或事物 Jane is good at playing the piano.（名詞）She went out in a hurry.（代詞）Four plus four is eight.（數(shù)詞）To see is to believe.（不定式）Smoking is bad for health.（動(dòng)名詞）The young should respect the old.（名詞化的形容詞）What he has said is true. （句子）找出下列句中的主語(yǔ)：1、The sun rises in the east. 2、Twenty years is a short time in history. 3、The poor are now living in the shelter. 4、Seeing is believing. 5、To see is to believe. 6、He likes dancing.7、What he needs is a book.8、It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. 謂語(yǔ)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)和特征簡(jiǎn)單謂語(yǔ):由動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞詞組組成I saw the flag on the top of the hill?He looked after two orphans.復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)：由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞;He can speak English well.She doesnt seem to like dancing.找出下列句中的謂語(yǔ)（注：只有動(dòng)詞才可作謂語(yǔ)。）：1. We love China.2. We have finished reading this book.3. He can speak English.4. She seems tired. (三)賓語(yǔ)動(dòng)作的對(duì)象或承受者及物動(dòng)詞或介詞的賓語(yǔ)Show your passport, please. （名詞）She didnt say anything. （代詞）How many do you want? - I want two. （數(shù)詞）They sent the injured to hospital. （名詞化的形容詞）They asked to see my passport. （不定式）I enjoy working with you. （動(dòng)名詞）Did you write down what he said? （句子）賓語(yǔ)分為直接賓語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ).直接賓語(yǔ)指物或事,間接賓語(yǔ)指人或動(dòng)物.He gave me some books. 間接 直接 賓語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ)指出下面句子的間接賓語(yǔ)和直接賓語(yǔ)：please pass me the book.He bought his girlfriend some flowers.找出下列句子的賓語(yǔ)部分：1. We often help him.2. He likes to play basketball.3. We enjoy listening to the music.4. She said that he felt sick.5. They are talking about the new student.（四）連系動(dòng)詞,其后面的成分叫作表語(yǔ)。The war was over.They seem to know the truth.Time is precious.Im not quite myself today.That remains a puzzle.I dont feel at ease. 找出下列句中的表語(yǔ)。1. I am a teacher.2. They are on the playground.3. My job is teaching English.4. It gets cold.5. It sounds interesting.常見的系動(dòng)詞有be 動(dòng)詞,還有g(shù)et ,become, turn, grow 等表 “變得”的詞, 和感觀動(dòng)詞sound, look, smel,taste,feel等。(5） 定語(yǔ)修飾或限制名詞或代詞的詞、詞組或從句He is a clever boy.（形容詞）His father works in a steel work.（名詞）There are 54 students in our class.（數(shù)詞）Do you known bettys sister?（名詞所有格）He bought some sleeping pills.（動(dòng)名詞）There is a sleeping baby in bed.（現(xiàn)在分詞）His spoken language is good.（過(guò)去分詞）定語(yǔ)后置：如果定語(yǔ)是由一個(gè)單詞表示時(shí)，通常要前置。而由一個(gè)詞組或一個(gè)句子表示時(shí)，通常則后置The girl in red is his sister.We have a lot of work to do.The girl standing under the tree is his daughter.Do you know the man who spoke just now?找出下列句子的定語(yǔ)。1. The black bike is mine.2. She is a chemistry teacher.3. The man in blue is my brother.4. The girl playing the piano is my younger sister.5. The lady who is wearing red dress is our new teacher.（六）狀語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)的功用：狀語(yǔ)說(shuō)明地點(diǎn)、時(shí)間、原因、目的、結(jié)果、條件、方向、程度、方式和伴隨狀況等。I will be back in a while.They are playing on the playground.He was late because he got up late.He got up so late that I missed the train.I waited to see you.He often went to school by bus.His parents died, leaving him an orphan.Please call me if it is necessary.This book is very interesting.He went to school in spite of his illness.找出下列句中的狀語(yǔ)1. We often help him.2. I really dont like the food.3. He did his homework carefully at home.4.Her mother goes out to do some shopping on Sunday.5. When I grow up, I am going to be a doctor.（七）賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)有些及物動(dòng)詞除了有一個(gè)直接賓語(yǔ)以外，還要有一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)的身份和狀態(tài)以補(bǔ)充其意義不足，使句子的意義完整。這類常用的及物動(dòng)詞有 ：make, consider, cause, see, find, call, get, have, let. I found the book interesting.Do you smell something burning?He made himself known to them.She asked me to lend her a hand.賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)：和賓語(yǔ)構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)。賓語(yǔ)和賓補(bǔ)之間存在內(nèi)在邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。找出下列句子的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)：1. They elected John monitor.2. We call him Iron Ox.3. The doctor told me to do more exercise.4. They made her happy.5. He is going to have his hair cut.6. They saw a bird flying in the sky.（八）同位語(yǔ) 位于名詞或代詞后面，說(shuō)明它們的性質(zhì)和情況 We young people should respect the old.（名詞）He himself will do the experiment.（代詞）He is the oldest among them four.（數(shù)詞）He told me the news that our team won the game.（從句） 句子成分詳解表句子成分意義充當(dāng)成分例句主語(yǔ)表示句子說(shuō)的是什么人或什么事名，代，數(shù)，不定式，動(dòng)名詞，短語(yǔ)或句子We study in HuangQiao Middle School.謂語(yǔ)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)做什么，是什么或怎么樣動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞詞組She is dancing under the tree.賓語(yǔ)表示動(dòng)作行為的對(duì)象同主語(yǔ)Both of us like English.表語(yǔ)與聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞連用，一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)或特征同主語(yǔ)Her father is a chemist.His words sound reasonable.定語(yǔ)用來(lái)修飾名詞或代詞形，代，數(shù)，名, 副，介詞短語(yǔ)或句子We have eight lessons every day.狀語(yǔ)修飾動(dòng)詞，形容詞，副詞，表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)，原因，目的，方式，結(jié)果等副詞，介詞短語(yǔ)或句子He works very hard.They held a party in Hollywood.賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)邏輯上與賓語(yǔ)是主謂關(guān)系形容詞，名詞，介詞短語(yǔ)等She always keeps the house clean.隨堂練習(xí)：分析下列句子結(jié)構(gòu)：1）You are a student.2）He felt happy today.3）What you said made me happy.4）Could you give me some advice on how to learn English well?5）After he finished his homework, he went away.6）He likes pop music.7）The sound sounds strange.8）The food tastes good.9）He gave me a book yesterday. 10）We all think it a pity that she didnt come here. Private ConversationLast week I went to the theatre. I had a very good seat. The play was very interesting. I did not enjoy it. A young man and a young woman were sitting behind me. They were talking loudly. I got very angry. I could not hear the actors. I turned round. I looked at the man and the woman angr