歐美文學(xué)重點(diǎn)翻譯3.doc

the death of his best friend, his sadness feeling are contrasted with the carefree, innocent joys of the children and the unfeeling movement of the ship and the sea waves 濺吧、濺吧、濺吧,最好的朋友的早逝, 少年的無(wú)憂(yōu)無(wú)慮、天真快樂(lè),海浪和船只的無(wú)情移動(dòng)與詩(shī)人心境的悲傷作對(duì)比 we can feel his fearlessness towards death, his faith in God and an afterlife. Crossing the bar means leaving this world and entering the next world 渡過(guò)沙洲 我們可以感受到他對(duì)死亡的無(wú)畏,他對(duì)上帝以及來(lái)世的忠實(shí)信仰,“渡過(guò)沙洲”意味著離開(kāi)這個(gè)世界進(jìn)入到另一個(gè)世界 not endure the peaceful commonplace everyday life, old as he is, he persuades his old followers to go with him and to set sail again to pursue a new world and new knowledge, dramatic monologue,尤利西斯 不能忍受平凡寧?kù)o的生活,即使他老了,他還是說(shuō)服他的老追隨者同他一起，再次出航,追求新世界，新知識(shí)，戲劇獨(dú)白R(shí)obert Browning - the most original poet, who improve and mature the dramatic monologue 羅伯特勃朗寧-最早提高并且使喜劇獨(dú)白走向成熟的詩(shī)人 his masterpiece 他的杰作環(huán)與圖書(shū) this dramatic monologue is the dukes speech addressed to the agent who comes to negotiate the marriage, the duke is a self-conceited, cruel and tyrannical man 我的前公爵夫人這個(gè)戲劇性的獨(dú)白，是公爵與前來(lái)提親的代理人之間的對(duì)話(huà)，公爵是一個(gè)自負(fù)，殘暴和專(zhuān)制的人 夜會(huì) 晨別 George Eliot:As a woman of exceptional 特有的intelligence and life experience, she shows a particular concern for the destiny of women 喬治.艾略特：一個(gè)有著異常智慧和生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)的婦女,她表達(dá)了自己對(duì)婦女命運(yùn)的特別關(guān)注 a sharp contrast is set between the cold, lifeless, dull house and Dorothea who is full of youthful life and vigor 米德?tīng)栺R契將精力旺盛、活力四射的多蘿西婭與凄冷、毫無(wú)生氣、陰暗的房子形成強(qiáng)烈對(duì)比 Thomas Hardy - both a naturalistic and a critical realist writerLocal-colored, Wessex, novels of character and environment 托馬斯哈代-既是一個(gè)自然主義作家，也是一個(gè)批判現(xiàn)實(shí)主義作家， 他的作品帶有地方鄉(xiāng)土色彩，艾塞克斯-小說(shuō)的背景及特征 experience is as to intensity, and not as to duration 德伯家的苔絲的經(jīng)驗(yàn)是與其容忍，不如反抗 American Romantic Period 美國(guó)浪漫主義時(shí)期 Started with Washington Irvings and ended with Whitmans , also called the American RenaissanceFree expression of emotion, escapes from society, and return to nature New England Transcendentalism 以華盛頓歐文的見(jiàn)聞雜記開(kāi)始，以惠特曼的草葉集結(jié)束。也被稱(chēng)為“美國(guó)的文藝復(fù)興”，情感的自由表達(dá)，對(duì)社會(huì)的回避，回歸自然，新英格蘭的先驗(yàn)說(shuō) Washington Irving - father of the American short stories, the American Goldsmith Perfected the best classic style that American literature ever produced 華盛頓歐文-美國(guó)短片小說(shuō)之父，美國(guó)戈德史密斯稱(chēng)他為美國(guó)文學(xué)史上曾經(jīng)產(chǎn)生的最完美的古典主義風(fēng)格 First novel 第一部小說(shuō)紐約外史 contains German folk tales , 見(jiàn)聞雜記包括了兩個(gè)德國(guó)的民間傳說(shuō) 瑞普凡溫克，睡谷傳奇 Ralph Waldo Emerson - the spokesman of New England Transcendentalism movement 拉爾夫瓦爾多愛(ài)默生-新英格蘭先驗(yàn)主義運(yùn)動(dòng)的代言人 , , 美國(guó)學(xué)者，自助，超靈 a reflection upon the aesthetic problems in terms of the present state of literature in America 詩(shī)人反應(yīng)了關(guān)于美國(guó)目前文學(xué)狀態(tài)的審美問(wèn)題 a discussion about the conflict between idealism and ordinary lifeAmerican Puritanism, European Romanticism, intuitive knowledge, over-soul, individual, nature 經(jīng)驗(yàn) 關(guān)于理想主義和美國(guó)清教徒的平凡生活，歐洲浪漫主義精神，直接經(jīng)驗(yàn)，超靈，個(gè)體，自然之間沖突的討論 is regarded as the Bible of New England Transcendentalism 自然被認(rèn)為是新英格蘭先驗(yàn)主義的圣經(jīng) Nathaniel Hawthorne 納撒尼爾霍桑Interior of the heart, there is evil in every human heart, which may remain latent, perhaps, through the whole life, but circumstances may rouse it to activity 在每個(gè)人的內(nèi)心，都有個(gè)魔鬼，它可能會(huì)在整個(gè)生命過(guò)程中一直潛伏，但環(huán)境也許會(huì)喚醒它使之活動(dòng) 紅字 小伙子布朗） Walt Whitman 沃爾特惠特曼 Openness, freedom, individualism開(kāi)放，自由，個(gè)人主義 I - me, my nation (society), Free verse自由詩(shī), Envelope structure, Catalogue (Listing) 我-我，我的國(guó)家（社會(huì)），自由詩(shī)，信封構(gòu)造，目錄（清單）A new ideal, a new world, a new life-style 新的思想，新的世界，新的生活方式 how a child is greatly influenced by his growing environments 有一個(gè)孩子向前走去描述了一個(gè)孩子如何被他的成長(zhǎng)環(huán)境深深影響 a scene of the American Civil War, all the movements described in this picture are frozen. 騎兵渡淺灘一副美國(guó)內(nèi)戰(zhàn)的場(chǎng)景，畫(huà)面里所有描繪的運(yùn)動(dòng)都顯得冷酷自我之歌 Whitman is a man bubbling with energy and laden with ideas, spontaneous expression of his original ideas 自我之歌里看出，惠特曼是一個(gè)充滿(mǎn)能量和理想的人，在這里自然地流露出他最初的夢(mèng)想 Herman Melville - a master of allegory and symbolism, like Hawthorne the first American prose epic, Ishmael both as a character and a narrator, the captain, Ahab is a monomaniac赫爾曼梅爾維爾-一個(gè)寓言和象征主義的大師，像第一部散文史詩(shī)大白鯨作者霍桑，以實(shí)瑪利即是一個(gè)描述人物，也是一個(gè)講述著，隊(duì)長(zhǎng)亞哈，是一個(gè)偏執(zhí)狂Realistic period - the Gilded Age, the poor poorer and the rich richer, peoples attention was now directed to the interesting features of everyday existence 現(xiàn)實(shí)主義時(shí)期-鍍金時(shí)代，窮人更窮，富人更富，人們把注意力貫注在每天存在的惹人感興趣的特征上 Local colorism, social Darwinism, bestiality, beyond mans control 鄉(xiāng)土色彩，社會(huì)達(dá)爾文主義，獸性，都在人類(lèi)的控制之外 Mark Twain - the true father of American literature 馬克吐溫-美國(guó)真正的文學(xué)之父 Local colorist, vernacular, simple sentence, the damned human race The Gilded Age 當(dāng)?shù)剜l(xiāng)土主義色彩，方言，白話(huà)小說(shuō)，“該死的人類(lèi)” 鍍金時(shí)代 3 boyhood books , , 少年時(shí)代的三個(gè)作品密西西比河上的生活，湯姆索亞歷險(xiǎn)記，哈克貝利費(fèi)恩歷險(xiǎn)記 Hucks inner conflict about whether or not he should write a letter to tell Miss Watson where Jim is. 哈克貝利費(fèi)恩歷險(xiǎn)記哈克的內(nèi)心矛盾是他是否應(yīng)該寫(xiě)封信告訴沃森小姐吉姆在哪里 Henry James - international theme, psychological realist， Stream of consciousness, interior monologue, free association 亨利詹姆斯-國(guó)際主題，心理上的現(xiàn)實(shí)主義者，意識(shí)流，內(nèi)心獨(dú)白，自由聯(lián)想 the narrator is an American expatriate, named Winterbourne. Daisy is the most innocent girl. The clash is between two different cultures. 黛西米勒的敘述者是一個(gè)美國(guó)放逐者，名字叫Winterbourne。黛西米勒是個(gè)無(wú)辜的女孩，講述的是兩種不同文化的沖突Emily Dikinson艾米莉 狄金森Based on her own experiences, her sorrows and joys 基于他自身的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，他的悲痛和喜悅 express Dickinsons anxiety about her communication with the outside world. 這是我寫(xiě)個(gè)世界人民的信表達(dá)了狄金森對(duì)與外部世界交流的渴望 description of a moment of death 我聽(tīng)到蒼蠅的嗡嗡聲-當(dāng)我死時(shí)死亡瞬間的描述 Dickinson makes the train part of nature by animalizing it, like a horse. 我喜歡看它蜿蜒幾英里通過(guò)對(duì)列車(chē)的動(dòng)物話(huà)，狄金森使列車(chē)具有了自然生命的部分屬性，就像馬一樣 personify death and immortality so as to make her message strongly felt 因?yàn)槲也荒軌蛲Ｏ碌人懒钏劳龊筒恍嗳烁窕?，使得他的信息得以?qiáng)烈傳達(dá) Theodore Dreiser - Americas literary naturalists Case history including everything Determinism (heredity biological & environment), survival of the fittest, the jungle law Trilogy of Desire - , , who shall cast the first stone? 西奧多德萊塞-美國(guó)文學(xué)界的自然主義者，他個(gè)人歷史論斷包括萬(wàn)物決定論（生物和環(huán)境遺傳），適者生存，弱肉強(qiáng)食原則。心愿三部曲融資者，巨人，斯多葛，嘉莉妹妹“誰(shuí)可以拿起第一塊石頭” The modern period - the second American Renaissance, the expatriate movement, the Lost Generation, a transformation from order to disorder 現(xiàn)代文學(xué)時(shí)期-美國(guó)第二次文藝復(fù)興，流亡運(yùn)動(dòng)，迷惘的一代，從有序到無(wú)序的轉(zhuǎn)變 Seize the day, enjoy the present, spiritual wasteland, collective unconscious, psychoanalysis 抓住日子，享受今天，精神荒原，集體無(wú)意識(shí)，心理分析 Imagist movement, Jazz Age 意象派運(yùn)動(dòng)，爵士時(shí)代 Ezra Pound - a leading spokesman of the Imagist Movement 埃茲拉龐德-意象派運(yùn)動(dòng)最主要的發(fā)言人 詩(shī)章 Pound attempts to produce the emotion he felt when he walked down into a Paris subway station and suddenly saw a number of faces in the dim light. To capture the emotions, Pound uses the image of petals on wet, black boughs. 在地鐵站內(nèi)龐德試圖去重現(xiàn)他走進(jìn)一個(gè)巴黎地鐵站，突然在昏暗的燈光下看到許多面孔的情感，為了抓住這種情感，龐德使用了濕花瓣，黑樹(shù)枝圖像 河商人的妻子：信 agreement with Whitmans free verse 公約對(duì)惠特曼自由詩(shī)文的贊同 Robert Lee Frost - four times awarded Pulitzer Prize, pastoral life and scene 羅伯特弗羅斯特-四次獲得普利策獎(jiǎng)，田園生活和視景 摘蘋(píng)果之后 未選擇的路 雪夜林畔小駐 Eugene ONeill - founder of the American drama, won the Pulitzer Prize four times 尤金奧尼爾-美國(guó)戲劇的創(chuàng)立者，四次獲得普利策獎(jiǎng) 毛猿 F. Scott Fitzge