高考英語知識點-考點全歸納.doc

此文檔收集于網(wǎng)絡(luò)，僅供學(xué)習(xí)與交流，如有侵權(quán)請聯(lián)系網(wǎng)站刪除高考英語知識串講第1講一、Language Points1.sharev. 分享、合用：share sth with sbn. 一份，股份sparea. 業(yè)余的，備用的：spare time, a spare tirev. 抽出，勻給：spare me five minutes/spare one of sandwiches for the boyspare no efforts：不遺余力 spare no expense：不惜工本savev. 節(jié)省，救出2.He felt lucky to have survived the war.3.with sb about/over sth：和某人就某事爭論arguefor/against sth：贊成/反對Sb into/out of (doing) sth：說服某人做/不做某事4.have/make/let/see/watch/listen to+賓+賓補(do/doing/done)get sb to do sthhave+賓+賓補(to do/to be done)5.So+同一主語+助動詞So/neither/nor+助動詞+另一主語So it is/was with+另一主語6.should/ought to/need/could/might/would+do/have done7.except/but/except for/except that/except wh-clausebesides/in additionapart frombut for=without8.The first time+從句For the first time：作時間狀語Its the first time+that-clause(完成時)the first+名詞+to do9.mostmost of the +n.(pl)/pron. the majority of (the)mostly: 主要地（狀）10.be equal to sth：與相等be equal to (doing) sth：勝任(做)某事equal sth：與相等equal sb in sth：在方面與某人匹敵11.compareto/withcompared to/with12.a great manyseveral/two dozen/hundred +n.(pl.)(many) dozens ofa great many of +the/these/those+n.(pl.)seveal/two dozen of +pron.13.much too+adj/adv(原級)too much+n.(u.)too many+n.(pl.)14. 沒有被動態(tài) come about(主要用于疑問句、否定句) happen(表示偶然、碰巧之意)sth+ take place(多表示有組織、有計劃) break out(指戰(zhàn)爭、災(zāi)害、疾病等的爆發(fā)) occur(與happen通用) It occurs to sb that/to do：某人突然想起15. n./pron./adj./adv./prep-phrase to do：表將來With+賓+賓補 doing：表正在進行 Done：表過去16. 強調(diào)句型的判斷方法：如果將句子中的“it be”和“that”去掉，原句通順則是強調(diào)句，否則就不是強調(diào)句。例：It was in the street that I met an old friend yesterday.二、語法專題名詞的考點1. 考查可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞，尤其是許多不可數(shù)名詞在一定情況下變?yōu)榭蓴?shù)名詞。2. 考查名詞的格，即 s所有格，of所有格或雙重所有格。3. 名詞作定語。4. 名詞及名詞短語的辨析。5. 名詞與介詞，冠詞，動詞的搭配。三、題型歸納辨析型單項填空1. 名詞的辨析名詞的辨析首先要注意名詞單復(fù)數(shù)的意義區(qū)別，如parent指父親或母親，而parents指父母雙親；people指人們，而a people指民族。其次注意可數(shù)與不可數(shù)時的意義區(qū)別，如: exercise指鍛煉；而exercises指練習(xí)題或練習(xí)操；再次，注意同義名詞或近義名詞的區(qū)別，如: event指發(fā)生的重大事件、體育項目；incident指偶發(fā)事件；而accident指意外事件。最后還要注意近形詞的區(qū)別，如: cloth指布；cloths指各種不同用途的布；clothes指衣服(復(fù)數(shù))，clothing衣服(總稱)。2. 動詞的辨析對于動詞的辨析，首先要了解動詞的及物與不及物，如: reply意為“回答，答復(fù)”后面接名詞時需接介詞to, 此時為不及物動詞；后接從句時，則為及物動詞。其次是要弄清動詞的詞義區(qū)別，如: advise與persuade, 前者指勸說、勸告，強調(diào)過程；而后者指說服，強調(diào)結(jié)果。最后還要區(qū)別各種非謂語動詞間的意義和用法：動詞的v-ing形式表示正在進行或伴隨的動作；v-ed形式表示完成或被動；to do形式表示即將進行的動作等。3. 形容詞、副詞的辨析對于形容詞、副詞，一是要注意近義詞間的區(qū)別，如: clever指對問題處理的圓滑；bright指對問題的反應(yīng)快；wise指選擇的正確等。此外，如wide與broad; strong與powerful; interesting與interested; exciting與excited等。二是注意同形的形容詞和副詞，如: close作形容詞時意為“親密的”；作副詞時意為“接近，靠攏”。三是注意同根副詞的區(qū)別，如: hard與hardly, 前者指猛烈地、努力地；而后者意為幾乎不。四是注意副詞形式的形容詞，如: friendly, lovely, lively實際上是形容詞，切不可當(dāng)作副詞使用。五是注意形容詞的位置區(qū)別，如: present+n.與n.+present，前者指當(dāng)前的；而后者指在場的。4. 介詞的辨析對介詞的辨析要從兩方面入手，一是介詞的詞義，如: across, through, past, over為動作介詞，across強調(diào)從表面橫過，越過；through強調(diào)從空間穿過；past強調(diào)從側(cè)面、旁邊經(jīng)過；over強調(diào)從空中越過而不接觸，也可以表示越過一段距離、空間等。此外，如above, over, on; with, by; of, to; to, for的區(qū)別。5. 連詞的辨析連詞的區(qū)別主要在于：一是連詞的意義，如：when, while與as; because, since與for; whether與if; though, as與although等。二是注意時間名詞短語轉(zhuǎn)化而成的連詞，如： every/each time; the first/secondtime; the moment; the minute等，它們都可作連詞，連接從句。三是注意副詞轉(zhuǎn)化而成的連詞，如: directly, immediately, instantly等。四是注意連詞的詞序，如: only if與if only, 前者意為“只要”，后者意為“要是就好了”。6. 代詞的辨析代詞的辨析包括不定代詞，如: other, others, the other, the others, another等；人稱代詞，如: one, it, that等和關(guān)系代詞，如: which與that; which與as; whose與prep.+which/whom等。1. Does the teacher_ you to go home this weekend?A. allowB. consentC. agreeD. approve2. After the big fire, the house was completely_.A. ruinedB. destroyedC. damagedD. spoiled3. The hunter said he was lucky to get out of the forest_.A. livingB. aliveC. livelyD. live4. _ talking with his Grandma, he went away without saying a word.A. Tiring withB. Tiring ofC. Tired withD. Tired of5. Its necessary to have some_ knowledge for this job.A. electricB. electricalC. elctronD. electricity6. The photo_ on the wall was taken in Beijing last year.A. hangB. hangingC. hungD. hanged7. On New Years Day, people, especially girls, always wear new_-new hats, new coats, new trousers and new shoes.A. clothesB. clothingC. clothD. cloths8. He stays up_ in the evenings to go online to get the_ information.A. late, latestB. lately, lastC. late, lastD. latest, latest9. _ is it to ask her about her about that? She doesnt know it either.A. What goodB. How good C. What a good D. How much good10. _ I had done it I knew I had made a mistake.A. HardlyB. DirectlyC. mostlyD. Nearly11. It is said you went to see Jenny yesterday. What has become_ her?A. fromB. ofC. intoD. /12. Who do you think will be allowed_ there tomorrow?A. visitB. to visitC. visitingD. visited13. Today we can either fly to Hainan Island or take a ship_ the sea.A. inB. acrossC. from inD. across from14. You wil find what great benefit the computer you own can be_ each time you use it to help you work.A. forB. ofC. atD. on15. I thought he was not_ of a professor the first time I heard him speaking to the children at the platform in the hall of our school.A. somethingB. anythingC. somebodyD. anybody16. Weve missed the last bus. Im afraid we have no_ but to take a taxi.A. wayB. choiceC. possibilityD. selection17. _ students have graduated from this school in the last twenty years.A. Tens of thousands ofB. Tens upon thousands ofC. Tens in thousandsD. Ten thousands of18. The farmers plan to produce three times_ in the year before last to meet the increasing need of the people.A. of crop as much this year asB. as much crop this year asC. as more crop this year asD. much crop this year than19. I think the house is_ large for a family of four people and the price is very reasonable.A. tooB. ratherC. fairlyD. a little20. His mother dislikes him, for he_ lies.A. tellsB. is always tellingC. has toldD. always told1-5 ABBDB 6-10 BBAAB 11-15 BBDBB 16-20 BABCB第2講一、Language points1. sb./sth.+adj/n sb./sth.+to do consider(以為，認為) sb./sth.+as that-clause n. consider(考慮) doing 疑問詞+to do sth “把當(dāng)作”的譯法：consideras =think of/look on/take/regard/treat/haveas2. to do A way+ of doing (that/in which)+定語從句 A method of doing sth by this meansYou can solve the problem+ with this method in this wayby means of:通過方式，以手段by this/that means:通過這種/那種方式 by all means:務(wù)必，一定；（用于回答）當(dāng)然行，請 by no means:決不，一點也不（用于句首時用倒裝）3. protect(from) doing sth prevent/stop(from) doing sth keepfrom doing keepdoing under the potection of4. as well as well as might/may as well=had better5. to do specially+ for-phrase especially6. along the river:沿著河流 over the river:在河的正上方 through the forest:穿過森林 by the river:在河邊 on the bank:在河岸上7. follow the instructions follow ones advice as follows8. be responsible to sb for sth9. n. doing/to do sth sb to do sthprefer+ sth to sth doing A to doing B to do A rather than do sth that sb (should) do sth10. n.+after +n.=one +n. +after another 一個接一個（強調(diào)動作的重復(fù)） n. +by +n.: 一個接一個（強調(diào)動作的變化） tree after tree/day by day11. say “hi” to sb. Please remember me to sb.向“某人”問好 Send my regards to sb. Send the best wishes to sb.12. 主+be +adj. +to do: 不定式一般用主動式，與主語存在邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，所以當(dāng)不定式的動詞是不及物動詞時，則應(yīng)在其后加上適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~。主+be +adj. +to do= It be +adj.+ (for/of sb) +to do stheg. This question is difficult to answer.=Its difficult to answer the question.The man is hard to work with.=Its hard to work with the man.當(dāng)不定式用作定語時，與其所修飾的詞之間存在邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，且主語為該動作的執(zhí)行者時，也常常用主動形式。Eg. He wants water to drink. She has a room to live in.I will go to Beijing tomorrow. Do you have anything to be taken there?二、語法專題冠詞的考點1. 考查冠詞的一些基本用法，例如：復(fù)數(shù)名詞、不可數(shù)名詞表示泛指不用任何冠詞；the+單數(shù)名詞表類指；a/an+單數(shù)名詞表泛指。2. 考查冠詞的習(xí)慣用法。如：in case of fire, be wounded in the leg, on the telephone, leave college等。3. 考查冠詞的活用。如：抽象名詞的具體化，a success; a/an+專有名詞表泛指，an Edison。4. 考查零冠詞的用法。三、題型歸納結(jié)構(gòu)型單項填空結(jié)構(gòu)型試題常表現(xiàn)在句子中某些成分的省略、標(biāo)點符號的出現(xiàn)、倒裝或插入其他成分使前后分離等，從而引起句子結(jié)構(gòu)的變化，擾亂對句子的判斷。1. 有省略的復(fù)合句。由于賓語從句或定語從句中謂語部分行為動詞的省略，導(dǎo)致對不定式作狀語產(chǎn)生誤解。2. 標(biāo)點符號的影響。由于受漢語習(xí)慣的影響，往往會因為句子中的標(biāo)點符號，弄錯句子的結(jié)構(gòu)。3. 插入語的影響。有些句子由于中間插入了某些成分，而使句子顯得支離破碎，造成對句子結(jié)構(gòu)的誤解。4. 倒裝句型的基本結(jié)構(gòu)：(1)完全倒裝；(2)部分倒裝：1）在特殊疑問句和一般疑問句中；2）so/neither/nor+do/be/have/情態(tài)動詞主語；3）當(dāng)虛擬語氣的條件從句中省略if時，were, had, 和should應(yīng)置于句首，采用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)；4）表示祝愿的句子：may+主語+動詞原形；5）as, though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時：提前部分+as+主語+謂語動詞；6）表示否定意義的副詞、介詞短語和連詞詞組置于句首；7）當(dāng)not until+時間狀語從句置于句首時，主句應(yīng)采用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，而從句仍用正常語序；8）not onlybut also連接兩個句子時，第一個句子采用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，第二個句子不采用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)；9）no soonertham, hardlywhen, scarcelywhen都表示“一就”，強調(diào)過去的兩個動作接連發(fā)生，當(dāng)no sooner, hardly和scarcely置于句首時，主句常把had置于主語之前，采用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，但從句不倒裝。 10）only+副詞/介詞短語/賓語/時間狀語從句置于句首時，常采用倒裝，但only+主語則不應(yīng)采用倒裝；11）在so/suchthat引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句中，將so+adj./adv.或such置于句首時，其主句常采用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。5. 強調(diào)句型，感嘆句，并列句的應(yīng)用。6. 獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。1) n+to do; 2) n+doing; 3) n+done; 4)n+prep.+n.; 5) n+adj/adv; 6)n+n; 7) with+n+to do/doing/done/adj/adv/prep+n.1. He said he would do what he could_ us.A. helpB. to helpC. helpingD. helped2. He spent all the money he had_ that dictionary.A. buyB. to buyC. buyingD. bought3. There are more than three thousand students in my school, most of_ from the country.A. thatB. whichC. whomD. them4. It is his cleverness, not his strenth, _ defeated his rival.A. thatB. whichC. whatD. who5. The way you think of_ our living conditions sounds reasonable.A. improveB. to improveC. improvingD. improvement6. I feel strongly that whatever you_ matter to me.A. dont B. do doesntC. dont doD. doesnt do7. Is this school_ you studied in two years ago?A. thatB. whenC. itD. the one8. Please tell me the way thought of_ the garden.A. take care ofB. to take care ofC. taking care ofD. how to take care of9. Mr Wang was much disappointed to see the washing machine he had had_ went wrong again.A. it repairedB. to be repaired C. repairedD. repairing10. We will do everything we can_ our city.A. to saveB. saveC. savingD. saved11. The air quality in Beijing as well as in the neighboring cities we once spent much time_ better and better.A. in gettingB. having gotC. in is gettingD. has got12. Who did the teacher, as well as the monitor, _ an article for the wall newspaper?A. has writeB. has writtenC. have writeD. have written13. What do you consider_ to her?A. to happenB. happeningC. happenedD. happens14. Mr Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to_ some schools for poor children.A. set upB. setting upC. have set upD. having set up15. To his joy, the day he looked forward to_ at last?A. comingB. comeC. cameD. have come16. How long do you think it is_ she arrived here?A. whenB. thatC. beforeD. since1-5 BCDAB 6-10 BDBCA 11-16 CCCBCD第3講一、Language points1. owe sb sth=owe sth to sb:欠某人某物 owe sth to sb/sth: 將歸功于 owing to: 由于 thanks to/because of/due to2. think highly/poorly/little/a lot +of sb/sth speak highly/well/badly +of sb/sth sing high praise for sb/sth3. apologize to sb for (doing) sth make an apology to sb for (doing) sth excuse sb for (doing) sth forgive sb for (doing) sth pardon sb for (doing) sth4. make an impression on sb have an impression of sth impress sth on/upon ones mind5. serve in the army on the office serve the people/the dish serve sb with sth=serve sth to sb serve as the chairman6. make jokes about: 取笑， 拿開玩笑make a joke about laugh at: 嘲笑 have a joke with sb: 開某人的玩笑 play a joke on sb=play tricks on sb: 戲弄 in joke: 鬧著玩，開玩笑7. to do Its time+ for sth For sb to do sth That-clause（一般過去時）8. the one/ones:替代同類事物中特指一個或一些 one: 替代上文提到的同類名詞中的一個，表泛指 it: 指上文提到的同一個事物 that: 替代上文出現(xiàn)的帶定冠詞的名詞或不可數(shù)名詞9. none: 用來回答how many/how much引導(dǎo)的問句，常與of連用 no one: 只能指人，用來回答who引導(dǎo)的問句 neither: 兩者都不，表單數(shù) nothing: 用于指物，用來回答what引導(dǎo)的問句10. cloth 布(u.): a piece of cloth 表示某種特殊用途的布塊（桌布）：Wipe up the water with a cloth. clothes: 衣服，服裝。是一個沒有單數(shù)形式的復(fù)數(shù)名詞： A suit of clothes 注：不能直接用數(shù)詞修飾，但可用many, few, his, my, thse之類的詞修飾，作主語時謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 clothing: 服裝，衣著。是一個無復(fù)數(shù)形式的物質(zhì)名詞，除衣服外，還包括幌子，手套，鞋襪之類的東西，作主語時謂語動詞用單數(shù)。A piece of clothing, an artcle of clothing dress: 指穿在外面的衣服，尤指在社交場合穿的禮服及婦女的連衣裙。 suit: 成套的衣服。11. live: 活著，有生命的(作定語，主要用來指鳥或其他動物)，實況直播的 lively: 活潑的，有生氣的，生動的 alive: 活著的，還有氣兒的，是表語形容詞，在句中作表語或后置定語 living: 活著，健在的，現(xiàn)行的12. receive: 收到，接到(客觀動作)；accept: 接受，領(lǐng)受(主觀意愿) 接受教育、懲罰、支持，遭受不幸，接待客人：只用receive 接受某條件、建議：只用accept13. turn+adj: 常表示從某種狀態(tài)向其他狀態(tài)變化的自然現(xiàn)象 The weather has turned much colder. go+adj: 常表示由好變壞的情況：The milk went wrong/bad. become+adj: 強調(diào)施動者的作用或變化的結(jié)果 Please dont get angry. come+adj: 一般表示向好的方面變化。 My dream has come true.14. 含有插入語的疑問句：What do you think has happened to him?How do you suppose the film will end?Why do you believe he is unfit for the office?15. 主從復(fù)合句的反意疑問句：疑問部分根據(jù)主句確定，但是主句的主語是I/we, 謂語是think /suppose /believe /hope /imagine /expect /guess /know /feel /be sure /be told時，疑問部分根據(jù)從句確定，否定轉(zhuǎn)移時，疑問部分用肯定語氣。She think it is a good idea, doesnt she?I think it is a good idea, isnt it?I dont think it is a good idea, is it?二、語法專題代詞的考點1. 不定代詞：(1)all, any, none, both, either, neither; (2)another, other, the other, others, the others; (3)復(fù)合不定代詞：someone, anyone, everyone, no one; something, anything, everything, nothing.2. it的用法：(1)it作實意代詞，代替日期、時間、季節(jié)、距離；代替身份不明的人，心目中的人和事以及代替上文已提到的或下文將要提到的人、物或某種情況；代替指示代詞this, that。(2)it作引導(dǎo)詞：作形式主語和形式賓語，代替不定式、動名詞和從句；it用于強調(diào)句型。3. 替代詞one, ones, the one, the ones, that, those的用法。4. 人稱代詞在使用中要注意主格和賓格的區(qū)別，反身代詞則要注意和主語一致。三、題型歸納習(xí)語、搭配型單項填空語言的習(xí)慣表達是語言在長期使用過程中的結(jié)果，不能隨意改變。其表現(xiàn)形式主要在介詞短語、名詞短語及非謂語動詞短語的習(xí)慣搭配等方面。習(xí)語、搭配型單項填空主要考查對英語習(xí)語及搭配的掌握和運用，這就需要在平時多加注意和積累，切不可想當(dāng)然。1. 介詞后的賓語：介詞后面常接名詞、代詞、動名詞作賓語，但是，在考試時要注意一些習(xí)慣用法。如：far from satisfied/over; take sth for granted; in hospital與in the hospital; at sea與at the sea。2. 冠詞的增刪：固定搭配中名詞前的冠詞的有無都是習(xí)慣用法，若去掉或增加，都會使其意思發(fā)生變化。如：in prison與in the prison; in bed與on the bed; in school與in the school; in possession of與in the possession of; in charge of與in the charge of; in front of與in the front of。3. 非謂語動詞短語的考查重點：一是非謂語動詞與邏輯主語的關(guān)系；二是非謂語動詞與謂語動詞所表示動作的時間先后關(guān)系；三是非謂語動詞的習(xí)慣用法。另外，有些非謂語動詞短語已經(jīng)從非謂語動詞短語中游離了出來，而成為表達某種意思的固定搭配。如：to be true; to tell you the truth; to be exact; judging by/from; exactly speaking; frankly speaking; compared to/with等。4. 動詞的搭配。如：mean to do sth/mean doing sth; forget to do sth/forget doing sth; be used to doing sth/used to do sth; head for/go to; lend to/borrow from; set about/set out; write down/take down/put down等。5. 動詞短語。如：have a cold/catch cold; take place/take ones place等。6. 短語動詞。如：run out/run out of; stick to/keep on; bring in/bring on等。7. 形容詞短語。如：be strict with/in; different from/in; be careful of/with等。8. 名詞短語。如：the number of/a number of; a knowledge of等。1. No matter what you see, dont take it for_, but use your head to think it over.A. grantB. grantingC. grantedD. grantness2. When writing, he often keeps a dictionary_.A. in handB. on handC. at handD. hand in3. His wife often goes to_ on Sundays.A. churchB. a churchC. the churchD. churching4. It is good for you in your future life_ English.A. have good knowledge ofB. to have good knowledge ofC. to have a good knowledge ofD. has a good knowledge of5. _ what he said, he has been to Australia.A. Judge byB. Judged byC. Judging fromD. To judge from6. She is always ready to help others and asking for nothing_.A. in returnB. in caseC. in additionD. in turn7. They held a ceremony_ those killed in the battle.A. instead ofB. in favor ofC. by means of D. in honor of8. The man_ the shop said we could have two days off.A. in charge ofB. in the charge ofC. take charge ofD. take the charge of9. When they got to America, they nearly_ money.A. ran outB. ran out ofC. ran away D. ran away from10. Word came that Brown_ the record in yesterdays match.A. madeB. strokeC. beat D. hit11. Look, little Betty is giving a talk to the children and is_ a teacher.A. somebody ofB. anybody likeC. something ofD. like anything12. Mr Wang is very old, but he works like a young man. In deed, I cant admire him_.A. very muchB. so wellC. too muchD. quite well1-6 CCACCA 7-12 DABCCC第4講一、Language points1. sth sth for sth prepare+ for sth to do sth be prepared for be prepared to do sth make preparations for2. They tied for first place in the game.We tied with the visiting team in the basketball match.The dog is tied to a tree.3. affect vt. 影響 effect n. 效果，作用 have a good/bad effect on in effect事實上 cause and effect因果 take effect生效，起作用 come into effect生效，實行 effort n. 努力 without effort毫不費力 make every effort盡一切努力 spare no effort不遺余力3. weigh vt. 稱的重量 vi. 重達， 重量為 put on weight lose weight by weight in meters/pounds/calories by the day/the week/the yard/the dozen/the ton4. in參加比賽 compete+ with/against與競賽/競爭 for角逐，為獲取而競賽5. Wher