2014年全國職稱英語等級考試理工類A真題.doc

2014年全國職稱英語等級考試理工類A真題第1部分詞匯選項下面每個句子中均有1個詞或短語劃有底橫線，請為每處劃線部分確定一個意義最為接近的選項。1This was disaster oncosmicscaleAmodest BcommercialChuge Dnational2New secretaries came and went withmonotonousregularityAamazing Bdepressing Cpredictable Ddull3A persons wealthis often ininverseproportion to their happinessAequal BcertainClarge Dopposite4His professional careerspanned16 yearsAstarted BchangedClasted Dmoved5The symptoms of the diseasemanifestedthemselves ten days laterAeased BimprovedCrelieved Dappeared6The group does notadvocatethe use of violenceAlimit BsupportCregulate Doppose7She felt that she had done her good deedfor the dayAactBhomeworkCjustice Dmodel8Some of the larger birds can remainstationaryin the air for several minutesAmotionless BsilentCseated Dtrue9There was aninclinationto treat geography as a less importantsubjectApoint BresultCfinding Dtendency10His stomach felthollowwith fearAsincere BrespectfulCempty Dterrible11The committee was asked torendera report on the housing situationAcopy BpublishCsummarize Dfurnish12That uniform makes the guards lookabsurdAserious BbeautifulCimpressive Dridiculous13The departmentdeferredthe decision for six monthsAput off Barrived atCabided by Dprotested against14The original experiment cannot be exactlyduplicatedAinvented BreproducedCdesigned Dreported15The country was torn apart bystrifeAconflict BpovertyCwar Deconomy第2部分閱讀判斷下面的短文列出了7個句子請根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容對每個句子做出判斷：如果該句提到的是正確信息，請選擇A；如果該句提供的信息是錯誤的，請選擇B；如果該句的信息文中沒有提及，請選擇C。 Experience the World in 3D GameEver wondered how your cat or dog sees theworld? Now you can look through their eyes with the first 3D game thatrecreates the vision of different species based on scientific evidenceThe online simulation，created by the French3D design company Dassault Systmes，with the guidanceof veterinary ophthalmologist（眼科專家）DidierSchmidtMorand，mimics（模仿）the vision of five animals cats dogs，rats，hawks and bees as aplayer steers them through Place Vend洀攀in ParisDue to differences in field of view，colourperception and night vision，for example，sight can be drastically differentfrom species to speciesIn terms of performance，eyes are as variable asdifferent models of cars， says SchmidtMorandThe game was created by using existingvirtual models of the square then applying effects based on descriptions ofeach animals visionDassaults 3D software allows a scene to be modified byadding blur or changing the colours，angle of vision and depth of fieldAlthough it was easy to recreate visioninferior to that of humans cats and dogs，forexample，have trouble distinguishing shades of red replicating features that we are unable to see was a challengeHawks have moredetailed vision than ours，whereas dogs are better at seeing movement and havea wider field of viewWe used virtual cameras to precisely simulatelarger viewing angles but the result made people nauseous（令人作嘔的）， says SchmidtMorandSo we tweaked（微調(diào)）the model to give a sense of the wider view without sticking torealityThe rats view also departs from reality：because they are nearsighted，everything more than 15 centimetres away is ablur，so they typically move close to walls to help them navigateA ratwould never throw itself into the middle of an open area， saysSchmidtMorandThe simulation for this animal is supplemented with a map inthe top right corner to help determine the rats position：because of theirlimited eyesight，most landmarks are obscuredThe game is intended as an educationalresource and players can discuss their experience with others through communityfeatures on the websiteIf there is interest from schools and zoos，the teamhopes to recreate the vision of more animals16The game developed by Dassault Systemesis the first 3D game recreating the vision of different speciesARight BWrong CNot mentioned17Dassaults3Dsoftware takes different perspectives like color perception and angle of visioninto accountARight BWrong CNot mentioned18The animalsviewsin the software are the same as those in realityARight BWrong CNot mentioned19Dogs have larger viewing angles thanhumansARightBWrong CNotmentioned20It takes the team the longest time torecreate the rats view because theyre nearsightedARight BWrong CNot mentioned21The team is working on recreating thevision of more animalsARight BWrong CNot mentioned22SchmidtMorandsfavorite animal is catARight BWrong CNot mentioned第3部分概括大意與完成句子23Paragraph 2 _B 24Paragraph 3 _C25Paragraph 4 _D26Paragraph 5 _F ARising of sea levels BImpact of burning fossil fuels CFast feedbacks DSlow feedbacks EUnpredictability of feedback processes FA prediction of future climate change27Arctic ice has never been melting so fastin _D_28Melting of snow and ice enables sunlightto reach _A_29Zeebe came up with his future climateprediction by analyzing _E_30After fossil fuels are used up，globalwarming will continue for _B_ Athe exposed ground Ba very long time Cthe extra heat Drecorded history Epreviously published studies Frapid exaggeration of impacts第4部分，閱讀理解第一篇The Northern LightsThe sun is stormy and has it own kind ofweatherIt is so hot and active that even the Sunsgravity cannot hold its atmosphere in check！Energy flows away from the Suntoward the Earth in a stream of electrified particles that move at speedsaround a million miles per hourThese particles are called plasma，and thestream of plasma coming from the Sun is called the solar windThe more activethe Sun，the stronger the solar windThe solar wind constantly streams toward theEarth，but dont worry because a protective magneticfields surrounds our planetThe same magnetic field that makes your compasspoint north also steers the particles from the Sun to the north and southpolesThe charged particles become trapped in magnetic belts around the EarthWhen a large blast of solar wind crashes into the Earths magnetic field first gets squeezed and then the magnetic fieldlines break and reconnectThe breaking and reconnecting of the magneticfield lines can cause atomic particles called electrons trapped in the belts tofall into the Earths atmosphere at the polesAs theelectrons fall into the Earth，they collide with gas molecules in theatmosphere，creating flashes of light in the skyEach atmospheric gas glows a different colorOxygen and nitrogen glows red and green and nitrogen glows violetpurpleAsthese various colors glow and dance in the night sky，they create the NorthernLights and the Southern LightsWatching auroras（北極光）is fun and exciting，but normally you can only see them in places far northlike Alaska and CanadaThe movement of the aurora across the sky is usuallyslow enough to easily follow with your eyes but they can also pulsate（跳動），flicker（閃爍），or even move like wavesDuring solar maximum，5 auroras are seen as far south as Florida，even Mexico！Aurorasoften seem to be very close to the ground，but the lowest aurora is still about100 kilometers above the ground，a distance much higher than clouds are formedor airplanes can flyA typical aurora band can be thousands of kilometerslong，a few hundred kilometers high，but only a few hundred meters thickWe hope you are able to travel to farnorthplaces like the Arctic Circle and see the Northern Lights at least once duringyour lifetimeWe know you will never forget it！31The solar wind comes into being as aresult ofAdisappearance of the Suns gravityBunpredictable weather of the SunCfast flow of energy away from the SunDa stream of particles being blown away32What happens when solar wind comes to theEarth?AA protective magnetic field is formed atthe same timeBIt is trapped in magnetic belts around theEarthCIt destroys the protective magnetic fieldsurrounding the EarthDIt breaks magnetic field lines and doessevere damage to the ?33The Northern Lights are createdwhenAatomic particles fall to the Earth and collidewith atmospheric gasesBthe magnetic field lines fail toreconnectCthe electrons falling to the Earth shinein different colorsDoxygen and nitrogen are separated from theatmospheric gases34Which of the following statements is trueof the Northern Lights?ATheir movement is slow enough to be observedwith the eyesBPeople cannot see them unless traveling toAlaska or CanadaCThey are very close to the groundDThey are very long and thick35What is the authors tone toward the Northern Lights?AIndifferentBSarcasticCSharpDAppreciative第二篇Eyetracker Lots You Drag and Drop Files with a GlanceBored of using a mouse? Soon youll be ableto change stuff on your computer screen and then moveit directly onto your smartphone or tablet（平板電腦）with nothing more than a glanceA system called EyeDrop uses a headmountedeye tracker that simultaneously records your field of view so it knows whereyou are looking on the screenGazing at an object aphoto，say and then pressing a key，selects thatobjectIt can then be moved from the screen to a tablet or smartphone just byglancing at the second device，as long as the two are connected wirelesslyThe beauty of using gaze to supportthis is that our eyes naturally focus on content that we want to acquire，says Jayson Turner，who developed the system with colleagues at LancasterUniversity，UKTurner believes EyeDrop would be useful totransfer an interactive map or contact information from a public display toyour smartphone or for sharing photosA button needs to be used to select theobject you are looking at otherwise you end up with the Midastouch（點石成金）effect，whereby everything you lookat gets selected by your gaze，says TurnerImagine if your mouse clickedon everything it pointed at， he saysChristian Holz，a researcher inhumancomputer interaction at Yahoo Labs in Sunnyvale，California，says thesystem is a nice take on getting round this fundamental problem of usinggazetracking to interactEyeDrop solves this in a slick（靈巧的）way by combining it with input on the touch devices we carry withus most of the time anyway and using touch input as a clutchingmechanism， he saysThis now allows users to seamlessly（無縫地）interact across devices far and close in a very naturalmannerWhile current eyetrackers are rather bulky，mainstream consumer devices are not too far awaySwedish firm Tobii isdeveloping gazetracking technology that can be installed in laptops andtablets and is expected to be available to buy next yearAnd the Google Glassheadset is expected to include eyetracking in the futureTurner says he has also looked at how contentcan be cut and pasted or draganddropped using a mix of gaze and taps on atouchscreenThe system was presented at the Conference on Mobile andUbiquitous Multimedia in Sweden，last week36The eyetracker technology enables ustoAchange our computer screenBfocus on anything that interests usCget a smartphone connected wirelesslyDmove an object from screen with a glance37Why is a button needed?ATo minimize the cost of EyeDropBTo choose as many objects as possibleCTo make EyeDrop different from othersDTo select what we want38The word “this” in Paragraph 6 refers toAapplication of gazetracking inhumancomputer interactionBinteraction between human and computerCcombination of gazetracking with input ontouch devicesDgeneralization of EyeDrop system39Which of the following statement is trueof eyetrackers for consumer devicesAThey are costlyBThey are availableCThey are installed in Google GlassheadsetDThey are expected to come out soon40What is Turner likely to study next?AHow to drag and drop with gaze and tapsBHow to present the system in publicCHow to get touch screen involvedDHow to cut and paste content from a publicdisplay第三篇A New Strategy to Overcome Breast CancerPostmenopausal（絕經(jīng)后）womenwho walk for an hour a day can cut their chance of breast cancer significantly，a study has suggestedThe report，which followed 73，000 women for 17 years，foundwalking for at least seven hours a week lowered the risk of the diseaseTheAmerican Cancer Society team said this was the first time reduced risk wasspecifically linked to walkingUK experts said it was more evidence thatlifestyle influenced cancer riskA recent poll for the charity Ramblers aquarter of adults walk for no more than an hour a week，but being active isknown to reduce the risk of a number of cancersThis study，published inCancer Epidemiology，Biomarkers&Prevention，followed 73615 women out of97，785 aged 5074 who had been recruited by the American Cancer Society between1992 and 1993，so it could monitor the incidence of cancer in the groupThey were asked to complete questionnaires ontheir health and on how much time they were active and participating inactivities such as walking，swimming and aerobics（有氧運動）andhow much time they spent sitting watching television or readingThey completedthe same questionnaires at twoyear intervals between 1997 and 2009Of thewomen，47% said walking was their only recreational acivityThose who walkedfor at least seven hours per week had a 14% lower risk of breast cancercompared to those who walked three or fewer hours per weekDrAlpa Patel，a senior epidemiologist at theAmerican Cancer Society in Atlanta，Georgia，who led the study，said：”Given that more than 60% of women report some daily walking，promotingwalking as a healthy leisuretime activity could be an effective strategy forincreasing physical activity amongst postmenopausal womenWe were pleased tofind that without any other recreational activity，just walking one hour a daywas associated with a lower risk of breast cancer in these women”More strenuous（緊張的）and longer activitieslowered the risk even more”Baroness Delyth Morgan，chief executive ofBreast Cancer Campaign，said：”This study adds furtherevidence that our lifestyle choices can play a part in influencing the risk ofbreast cancer and even small changes incorporate into our normal daytodayactivity can make a difference”She added：”We knowthat the best weapon to overcoming breast cancer is the ability to stop itoccurring in the first placeThe challenge now is how we turn thesefindings into action and identify othersustainable lifestyle changes that will help us prevent breast cancer”41All of the following factors relating tocancer risk were mentioned in the passage EXCEPTAbreathing exerciseBregular walkingCrecreational activityDlifestyle choices42It can be inferred from DrAlpa Patels study that_Awomen have fewer chances of physicalactivityBdaily walking could cut the chance of breastcancerCleisuretime activity is not associatedwith cancer riskDwalking is not recommended for women withbreast cancer43DrAlpa Patel was_Ahead of the survey studyBchief editor of Cancer EpidemiologyCchair of the American Cancer SocietyDchief executive of Breast Cancer Campaign44Which of the following statements is trueaccording to the passage?AMost women take walking as their onlyrecreational activityBThe study aims to track the healthconditions of its subjectsCWalking was the only recreationalacitivity for about half of the womenDIrregular walking increased the risk ofbreast cancer in postmenopausal women45The word “sustainable”in the last paragraph is closest in meaning toAcontinuableBaffordableCavailableDpersistent第5部分，補全短文 WronglyConvicted Man and His Accuser Tell Their StoryNEW YORK，NY，January 5，2010StMartins Press has announced the release of the paperback edition ofPicking Cotton，a remarkable true story of what novelist John Grisham calls an “account of violence，rage，redemption（救贖），and，ultimately forgiveness”The story began in 1987，in Burlington，NorthCarolina，with the rape of a young while college student named JenniferThompsonDuring her ordeal，Thompson swore to herself that she would neverforget the face of her rapist，a man who climbed through the window of herapartment and assaulted her brutally_F_（46）When the police asked her ifshe could identify the assilant（襲擊者）from a book of mugshots，she picked one that she was sure was correct，and later she identifiedthe same man in a lineupBased on her convincing eye withnesstestimony，a 22yearold black man named Ronald Cotton was sentenced to prisonfor two life termsCottons lawyer appealed thedecision，and by the time of the appeals hearing，evidence had come to lightsuggesting that the real rapist might have been a man who looked very likeCotton，an imprisoned criminal named Bobby Poole_B_（47）Jennifer Thompsonlooked at both men face to face，and once again said that Ronald Cotton was theone who raped herEleven years later，DNA evidence completelyexonerated（證明清白）Cotton and just as unequivocally（明確地）convic