語法復(fù)習(xí)四：定語從句.doc

語法復(fù)習(xí)四：定語從句（一）定語從句一般由關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)1、關(guān)系代詞：who, whom, whose, which, that, as2、關(guān)系副詞：when, where, why關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞必須位于從句之首，主句先行詞之后，起著連接先行詞和從句的作用， 同時在從句中又充當(dāng)句子成分。e.g. She is the girl who sings best of all.（關(guān)系代詞who在從句中作主語）The comrade with whom I came knows French.（whom在從句中作介詞with的賓語）3、關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的用法：1）當(dāng)先行詞為人時用who 作主語，whom作賓語；2）當(dāng)先行詞為物或整個句子時用which ，可作主語或賓語；3）先行詞為人、物時用that ，可作主語或賓語；4）whose用作定語，可指人或物；5）關(guān)系副詞when（指時間，在定語從句中作時間狀語，where（指地點，在定語從句中作地點狀語），why（指原因，在定語從句中作原因狀語）。（二）限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句1、限制性定語從句：從句與主句關(guān)系密切，去掉從句，主句意義不完整，甚至不合邏輯。e.g. I was the only person in our office who was invited.（去掉定語從句，意思就不完整）2、非限制性定語從句：從句對先行詞關(guān)系不密切，去掉定從句，意思仍然完整。形式上用逗號隔開，不能that用引導(dǎo)。e.g. Toms father, who is over sixty, still works hard day and night.（who引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，整個句子可分成兩句來翻譯）（三）使用定語從句時特別注意的幾個問題1、that與which的區(qū)別。1）用that而不用 which的情況：先行詞為不定代詞all, anything, nothing, ；先行詞有最高級修飾，有序數(shù)詞修飾；先行詞有only, very, any等詞修飾；先行詞既有人又有物時。e.g. There is nothing that can prevent him from doing it. 沒有什么能阻止他不干那件事。The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill. 在桂林他們所參觀的第一個地方是象鼻山。This is the best film that I have ever seen. 這部電影是我看過的最好的一部。Mr Smith is the only foreigner that he knows. 史密斯先生是他認(rèn)識的唯一的外國人。2）用which而不用 that的情況：引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句；代表整個主句的意思；介詞 + 關(guān)系代詞。e.g. He had failed in the maths exam, which made his father very angry. 他數(shù)學(xué)考試沒有及格，這使他的父親很生氣。This is the room in which my father lived last year. 這是父親去年居住過的房子。3）as引導(dǎo)定語從句時的用法as引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句通常用于the same as, such as結(jié)構(gòu)中。e.g. I want the same shirt as my friends. 我要一件跟我朋友一樣的襯衫。Such machines as are used in our workshop are made in China. 我們車間使用的這種機器是中國制造的。as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句既可放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后，用來修飾整個句子。通常用下列句型：as is known to all, as is said, as is reported, as is announced, as we all know, as I expect 等。e.g. As I expected, he got the first place again in this mid-term examination. 正如我所預(yù)料的那樣，他在這次期中考試中又獲得了第一名。3）as 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時與which的區(qū)別當(dāng)主句和從句語義一致時，用as；反之，用which來引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。e.g. He made a long speech, as we expected.He made a long speech, which was unexpected.當(dāng)非限制定語從句為否定時，常用which引導(dǎo)。e.g. Tom drinks a lot every day, which his wife doesnt like at all.2. 關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語時，從句的謂語動詞單數(shù)還是用復(fù)數(shù)應(yīng)由先行詞決定。e.g. The man who lives downstairs speaks English fluently. 住在樓下的那個人英語說得很流利。The students who are in Grade Three are going to climb the hill tomorrow.3. 定語從句有時不直接緊靠先行詞，中間由一個定語、狀語或謂語隔開。e.g. There is an expression in his eyes that I cant understand.4. 引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系副詞有時可以用“介詞 + which”來代替。e.g. October 1, 1949 was the day on which ( = when ) the Peoples Republic of China was founded.5. 當(dāng)定語從句中謂語動詞是帶介詞或副詞的固定短語動詞時，短語動詞的各個固定部分不要拆開。e.g. The sick man whom she is looking after is her father.6. 介詞在關(guān)系代詞前，只能用which和whom，且不能省略；介詞在句尾，關(guān)系代詞可有which, that, whom, 口語中也可用who，且可省略。e.g. The man (whom/ who/ that) you were talking about has come to school.練習(xí)、定語從句一、把下列每對句子合并成含有定語從句的主從復(fù)合句：1. The fan is on the desk. You want it.2. The man is in the next room. He brought our textbooks here yesterday.3. The magazine is mine. He has taken it away.4. The students will not pass the exam . They dont study hard.5. The woman is our geography teacher. You saw her in the park.6. The letter is from my sister. I received it yesterday.7. The play was wonderful. We saw it last night.8. The train was late. It was going to Nanning.9. The boy is my brother. He was here a minute ago.10. The tree is quite tall. He is climbing it.11. Here is the girl. Her brother works in this shop.12. Thats the child. We were looking at his drawing just now.13. This is the boy. His sister is a famous singer.14. I want to talk to the boys. Their homework havent been handed in.15. Is that the woman? Her daughter is in my class.16. He used to live in a big house. In front of it grew many banana trees.17. They passed a factory. At the back of the factory there were rice fields.18. The soldier ran to the building. On the top of it flew a flag.19. In the evening they arrived at a hill. At the foot of the hill there was a temple.20. She came into a big room. In the middle of it stood a large table.二、根據(jù)句子意思，在第一個空白處填入介詞，在第二個填入關(guān)系代詞whom或which:1. The person _ _ I spoke just now is the manager that I told you about.2. The pencil _ _ he was writing broke.3. Wu Dong, _ _ I went to the concert, enjoyed it very much.4. The two things _ _ Marx was not sure were the grammar and some of the idioms of English.5. Her bag, _ _ she put all her books, has not been found.6. The stories about the Long March, _ _ this is one example, are well written.三、選擇填空：1. The man _ visited our school yesterday is from London.A. whoB. whichC. whomD. when2. The woman _ is talking to my mother is a friend of hers.A. whoseB. whoC. whomD. which3. Because of my poor memory, all _ you told me has been forgotten.A. thatB. whichC. whatD. as4. Do you remember those days _ we spent along the seashore very happily?A. whenB. where C. whichD. who5. Tom did not take away the camera because it was just the same camera _ he lost last week.A. whichB. thatC. whomD. as6. Those _ want to go please sign their names here.A. whomB. whichC. whoD. when7. Where is the man _ I met this morning?A. whenB. whereC. whichD. who8. Who is the woman _ is sweeping the floor over there?A. whoB. /C. thatD. when9. The man _ you talked just now is a worker.A. whoB. whomC. to whomD. to who10. The man _ you are going to make friends is my fathers neighbour.A. with whomB. whenC. to whomD. which11. The doctor _ is leaving for Africa next month.A. the nurse is talking to himB. whom the nurse is talkingC. the nurse is talking toD. who the nurse is talking12. The man _ around our school is from America.A. which you showedB. you showed himC. you showedD. where you showed13. He talked about a hero _ no one had ever heard.A. of whomB. from whomC. about thatD. who14. In fact the Swede did not understand the three questions _ were asked in French.A. whereB. whoC. in whichD. which15. Have you read the book _ I lent to you?A. thatB. whomC. whenD. whose16. Finally, the thief handed over everything _ he had stolen to the police.A. that B. which C. whateverD. all17. The foreign guests, _ were government officials, were warmly welcomed at the airport.A. most of themB. most of thatC. most of whomD. most of those18. This is the very letter _came last night.A. whoB. whichC. thatD. as19. I know only a little about this matter; you may ask _ knows better than I.A. whoeverB. whomeverC. anyoneD. the one20. This is the school _ we visited three days ago.A. whereB. /C. whenD. what21. This is the factory _ we worked a year ago.A. whereB. thatC. whichD. on which22. Nearby were two canoes _ they had come to the island.A. whichB. in whichC. thatD. /23. Jack is pleased with _ you have given him and all _ you have told him.A. that, whatB. what, thatC. which, whatD. that, which24. Do you work near the building _ colour is yellow?A. thatB. whichC. itsD. whose25. In the dark street, there wasnt a single person _ she could turn for help.A. whomB. whoC. to whomD. form whom26. Is this school _ we visited three years ago?A. the oneB. whichC. thatD. where27. Is this the school _ we visited three years ago?A. the oneB. whereC. in whichD. /28, How many students are there in your class _ homes are in the country?A. whoseB. who C. whomD. which29. Alice received an invitation from her boss, _ came as a surprise.A. itB. whichC. thatD. he 30. The train was crowded and I had to get into a carriage _ already seven other people.A. when there wereB. which there wereC. that there wereD. where there were31. I live in the house _ windows face south. A. whichB. whoseC. whereD. in that32. - What game is popular with them?- The _ most is tennis.A. game they like itB. game they likeC. best game they likeD. best game they like it33. They stayed with me three weeks, _ they drank all the wine I had.A. whichB. which timeC. during which timeD. during which34. The room _ Mr White lives is not very large. A. thatB. whichC. whereD. when35. Dont forget the day _ you were received into the Youth League.A. whenB. thatC. at whichD. where36. Ive finished writing the novel, _ is to be published next month.A. thatB. whatC. whichD. when37. He returned home safe and sound after a fierce battle, _ was unexpected.A. whichB. asC. thatD. it38. _ we is known to all, English is not very difficult to learn.A. WhatB. As C. ThatD. Which39. The old man had three sons, all of _ died during World War .A. whoseB. thatC. whomD. who40. I have bought two pens, _ write well.A. none of whichB. neither of whichC. both of whichD. all of which41. Do you know the reason _ she has changed her mind?A. whyB. whichC. for thatD. of which42. He failed in the exam, _ proves that he wasnt working hard enough.A. whichB. whatC. itD. that43. During the week _ he tried to collect materials for his article.A. followingB. followedC. to followD. that followed44. _ was expected, he succeeded in the exam.A. ItB. WhichC. AsD. That45. He studied hard and later became a well-known writer, _ his father expected.A. that was whatB. what was thatC. and which wasD. which was what46. We should read such books _ will make us b