PPT演講組織及準(zhǔn)備技巧.docx

PPT演講組織及準(zhǔn)備技巧1. 從結(jié)果開始Before you evenopen up PowerPoint, sit down and really think about the day of your presentation. What is the real purpose of your talk? Why is it that you wereask to speak? What does the audience expect? In your opinion, what are the mostimportant parts of your topic for the audience to take away from your, say,50-minute presentation? Remember, even if youve been asked to shareinformation, rarely is the mere transfer of information a satisfactoryobjective from the point of view of the audience. After all, the audience couldalways just read your book (or article, handout, etc.) if information transferwere the only purpose of the meeting, seminar, or formal presentation.在您打開PowerPoint前，請坐下來認(rèn)真想一想您演講那天的情形。您演講的真正目的是什么呢？為什么要求您發(fā)言？聽眾的期望又是什么呢？您認(rèn)為，聽眾從您50分鐘（比如說）的演講中獲得最重要的信息是什么？請記住，即使要求的是簡單分享下信息，但在聽眾看來，純粹地傳遞信息并非令人滿意。畢竟，如果會議、研討會或正式演講僅是為了信息傳遞的話，聽眾完全可以看一看您的書（文章、講義等）就行了，（還要聽您講干嘛？）2. Know your audience as well as possible2.盡量了解您的聽眾Before you begin to formulate the content of your presentation, you need to ask yourself manybasic questions with an eye to becoming the best possible presenter for that particular audience. At the very least, you need to answer the basic W questions.想成為優(yōu)秀的演講人，您需要在制作演示稿之前問自己一些基本問題。至少您需要回答下面幾個(gè)基本的“W問題”。 Who is the audience?What are their backgrounds? How much background information about your topic can you assumethey bring to the presentation?聽眾是誰？他們來自什么行業(yè)？您認(rèn)為他們對您話題的背景知識了解多少？What is the purpose of the event? Is it toinspire? Are they looking for concrete practical information? Do they want more concepts and theory rather than advice?演講的目的是什么的？是否為了啟發(fā)聽眾？他們是否需要詳細(xì)而實(shí)用的信息？他們是否希望獲得更多的概念和理論？而不是為了獲得建議？Why were you asked to speak? What are their expectations of you?為什么要求您發(fā)言？他們對您的期望是什么？Where is it? Find out everything you canabout the location and logistics of the venue.場地在哪里？盡您所能找到場地的位置和會務(wù)人員。When is it? Do you have enough time toprepare? What time of the day? If there are other presenters, what is the order(always volunteer to go first or last, by the way). What day of the week? All of this matters.什么時(shí)候開始？您有足夠的時(shí)間準(zhǔn)備嗎？演講幾點(diǎn)開始？如果有其他演講者，順序是如何安排的？（順便提一下，您應(yīng)主動爭當(dāng)?shù)谝粋€(gè)或最后一個(gè)演講者）那天是星期幾？等等。3. Content,content, content3.內(nèi)容為王No matter howgreat your delivery, or how professional and beautiful your supporting visuals,if your presentation is not based on solid content, you can not succeed. Dontget me wrong, I am not saying that great content alone will carry the day. Italmost never does. Great content is a necessary condition, but not a sufficientone. But your presentation preparation starts with solid content (appropriate for your audience) which you then build into a winning story that youll use toconnect with your audience.無論您的演講技巧多棒，幻燈片做得多專業(yè)，多漂亮，如果您的演講稿缺乏實(shí)實(shí)在在的內(nèi)容，那您照樣不會取得成功。不要誤會，我并不是說單憑好的內(nèi)容就能獲得成功。不是的。好的內(nèi)容只是必要條件，而不是充分條件。您應(yīng)該以實(shí)實(shí)在在的內(nèi)容（適合聽眾的）為出發(fā)點(diǎn)來準(zhǔn)備演講，再將這些內(nèi)容有機(jī)串連成故事，娓娓向您的聽眾道來。A word of caution : Though I am emphasizing how important content is, Ialso am begging you to spare your audience a data dump. A data dump all too common unfortunately is when a presenter crams too much informationinto the talk without making the effort to make the information or dataapplicable to the members of the audience. A data dump also occurs when dataand information do not seem to build on the information that came earlier inthe presentation. Sometimes it almost seems that the presenter is either showing off, or more likely, is simply afraid that if he does not tell thewhole story by giving reams of data, the audience will not understand his message.警告：雖然我強(qiáng)調(diào)內(nèi)容很重要，但我也懇請您不要把聽眾當(dāng)成“話桶”?！霸捦啊辈恍业氖撬毡榇嬖诰褪茄葜v人不下功夫準(zhǔn)備適合聽眾的內(nèi)容，但卻向聽眾強(qiáng)行灌輸大量信息。當(dāng)演講內(nèi)容不是根據(jù)演講之前的要求準(zhǔn)備時(shí)，也會出現(xiàn)話桶的情況。有時(shí)候演講人似乎是在炫耀，或者可能擔(dān)心如果不給出大量信息來講述“整個(gè)故事”，聽眾就難以明白他的意思。Do not fall intothe trap of thinking that in order for your audience to understand anything,you must tell them everything. Which brings us to the idea of simplicity.不要陷入以下誤區(qū)：為了讓聽眾理解所有的內(nèi)容，就必須告訴他們每一個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)。 4. Keep it simple4.保持簡單Simple does notmean stupid. Frankly, thinking that the notion of simplifying is stupid is just plain, well, stupid. Simple can be hard for the presenter, but itwill be appreciated by the audience. Simplicity takes more forethought andplanning on your part because you have to think very hard about what to includeand what can be left out. What is the essence of your message? This is theultimate question you need to ask yourself during the preparation of your presentation. Heres a simple exercise:簡單并不意味著愚蠢。坦率地說，認(rèn)為簡單就是愚蠢恰恰是簡單而“愚蠢的”。演講人做到簡單很難，但聽眾卻喜歡。簡單需要更多的構(gòu)思和計(jì)劃，因?yàn)槟仨氄J(rèn)真考慮哪些內(nèi)容應(yīng)該包含在您的演講中，哪些內(nèi)容可以被排除在外。您演講的核心內(nèi)容是什么？這是您在準(zhǔn)備演講時(shí)必須問自己的最終問題。下面是一個(gè)簡單的練習(xí)： EXERCISE:練習(xí)：If your audience could remember only three things about your presentation, what would you want itto be?(1)_(2)_(3)_ 如果聽眾只能記住3條您介紹的東西，您希望它們是什么？（1）_（2）_（3）_5. Outlining your content5.草擬內(nèi)容 I suggest youstart your planning in analog mode. That is, rather than divingright into PowerPoint (or Keynote), the best presenters often scratch out theirideas and objectives with a pen and paper. Personally, I use a large whiteboardin my office to sketch out my ideas (when I was at Apple, I had one entire wallturned into a whiteboard!). The whiteboard works for me as I feel uninhibitedand freer to be creative. I can also step back (literally) from what I havesketched out and imagine how it might flow logically when PowerPoint is addedlater. Also, as I write down key points and assemble an outline and structure,I can draw quick ideas for visuals such as charts or photos that will laterappear in the PowerPoint. Though you may be using digital technology when youdeliver your presentation, the act of speaking and connecting to an audience to persuade, sell, or inform is very much analog.我建議您開始以“模擬模式”制作您的幻燈片。也就是說，不要一開始就蒙頭使用PowerPoint（或Keynote）軟件，優(yōu)秀的演講人經(jīng)常利用紙和筆來草擬他們的想法和目標(biāo)。對我來說，我使用辦公室中的一塊大白板來簡要描繪我的想法（當(dāng)我在蘋果公司的時(shí)候，我將一整面墻變成了我的白板！）。使用白板時(shí)，我感覺無拘無束，自由自在，創(chuàng)造力無限。我也可以從已擬出的內(nèi)容后退一步，想象稍后使用PowerPoint時(shí)在邏輯上如何銜接。此外，當(dāng)在紙上勾畫要點(diǎn)，組織大綱結(jié)構(gòu)的時(shí)候，我能突然獲得一些圖表、照片等視覺化想法，而后再將這些想法用PPT表現(xiàn)出來。當(dāng)您演講的時(shí)候，盡管使用數(shù)碼技術(shù)進(jìn)行了輔助支持，但說話和與聽眾互動說服、推銷、報(bào)告等行為，也是需要模擬的。 Cliff Atkinson inhis 2005 book, Beyond Bullet Points, smartly states that startingto create your presentation in PowerPoint before you have your key points andlogical flow first worked out (on paper or a white board in my case) is like amovie director hiring actors and starting to film before there is a script inhand.Cliff Atkinson在他2005出版的超越要點(diǎn)一書中打了個(gè)形象的比方，他說：在演講要點(diǎn)和邏輯順序沒有弄清楚之前（用紙或白板）就著手使用PowerPoint制作演示文稿，正如一個(gè)電影導(dǎo)演還沒拿到劇本就開始招聘演員演戲。 More on planning analog 更多關(guān)于“規(guī)劃模擬”I usually use alegal pad and pen (or a whiteboard if there is enough space) to create a roughkind of storyboard. I find the analog approach stimulates my creativity a bitmore as I said. No software to get in my way and I can easily see how the flowwill go. I draw sample images that I can use to support a particular point,say, a pie chart here, a photo there, perhaps a line graph in this section andso on. You may be thinking that this is a waste of time: why not just go intoPowerPoint and create your images there so you do not have to do it twice?Well, the fact is, if I tried to create a storyboard in PowerPoint, it wouldactually take longer as I would constantly have to go from normal view to slidesorter view to see the whole picture. The analog approach (paper orwhiteboard) to sketch out my ideas and create a rough storyboard really helpssolidify and simplify my message in my own head. I then have a far easier timelaying out those ideas in PowerPoint. I usually do not even have to look at thewhiteboard or legal pad when I am in PowerPoint, because the analog processalone gave a clear visual image of how I want the content to flow. I glance atmy notes to remind me of what visuals I thought of using at certain points andthen go to iS or to my own extensive library of high-quality stockimages to find the perfect image.我通常使用筆記本和鋼筆（若空間足夠大就使用白板）來畫草圖。我發(fā)現(xiàn)這種模擬方法比我所說的更能激發(fā)我的創(chuàng)造力。由于沒有幻燈片制作軟件干擾思路，我可以很容易知道制作的邏輯流程。我可以畫一個(gè)草圖來支持我的某個(gè)觀點(diǎn)，比如說在這里用一個(gè)餅圖，在那里用一張照片，也許一個(gè)曲線圖，等等。您可能會想：這多浪費(fèi)時(shí)間?。樯恫恢苯佑肞owerPoint呢，非得同一件事情重復(fù)做兩次？這個(gè)問題問的好，問題的答案是，如果我用PowerPoint來畫圖，那么實(shí)際上會花費(fèi)更長的時(shí)間，因?yàn)槲乙粩嗟卦赑owerPoint普通視圖和瀏覽視圖之間切換，以了解幻燈片內(nèi)容的“全貌”。采用該模擬方法（在紙上或白板上）醞釀我的想法并勾畫草圖，可以幫助我鞏固和簡化大腦中的信息。所以當(dāng)我用PowerPoint表達(dá)那些想法時(shí)，就很容易了。當(dāng)使用PowerPoint時(shí)，我通常都不看剛才使用的白板和筆記本了，因?yàn)槟M過程就給了我清晰的視覺化圖像，演講內(nèi)容流程如何走向，都?xì)v歷在目。我看一眼我的筆記，回憶一下某一要點(diǎn)我使用了什么視覺化圖形，然后到iS網(wǎng)站或我自己的高品質(zhì)圖像庫中尋找最完美的圖像。 6. Have a sound,clear structure6.結(jié)構(gòu)完整、清晰Take a page outout the McKinsey presentation handbook:presentation structure is paramount.Without it, your wonderful style, delivery and great supporting visuals willfall flat. If you took the time in the first step to outline your ideas and setthem up in a logical fashion, then your thinking should be very clear. You canvisualize the logic of your content and the flow of the presentation. If your ideas are not clear first, it will be impossible to design the proper structurelater when you create visuals and/or supporting documents. Your audience needsto see where you are going. And it is not enough to simply have anagenda or road map slide in the beginning thatillustrates the organization of your talk. If you do not actually have a solidroad of logic and structure, then an outline slide will be of no use. In fact,the audience may become even more irritated since you made the promise of organization in the beginning, but then failed to deliver the promise with apresentation which is muddled and lacks focus.麥肯錫演示手冊指出：演示文稿的結(jié)構(gòu)是至關(guān)重要的。沒有好的文稿結(jié)構(gòu)，再精彩的演講風(fēng)格、技巧和視覺效果都將付諸東流。如果你在第一步花點(diǎn)時(shí)間來勾畫您的想法，并將其富有邏輯地組織起來，那么您的思路就會變得非常清晰。您可以將內(nèi)容邏輯和演示流程視覺化處理。如果開始您的想法不清晰，那么在制作幻燈片的時(shí)候就不可能設(shè)計(jì)出合理的結(jié)構(gòu)。您的聽眾需要知道您的演講思路。在演講開始時(shí)，僅使用一張“議程表”或“路線圖”來展現(xiàn)您演講的組織結(jié)構(gòu)是不夠的。如果您沒有嚴(yán)密的邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)，那么一張“議程表”或“路線圖”幻燈片也沒用。實(shí)際上，如果您開始時(shí)展示了組織結(jié)構(gòu)，而演示時(shí)糊里糊涂，缺乏重點(diǎn)，那么聽眾可能聽得非常煩躁。 7. Dakara nani?(so what?)7.那重要嗎？In Japanese Ioften say to myself, dakara nani? or sore de.?whichtranslate roughly as so what?! or your point being.?I say this often while I am preparing my material. When building the content ofyour presentation always put yourself in the shoes of the audience and askso what? Really ask yourself the tough questions throughout theplanning process. For example, is your point relevant? It may be cool, but isit important or help your story in a very important way.or is it fluff?Surely you have been in an audience and wondered how what the presenter wastalking about was relevant or supported his point. So what? youprobably said to yourself. So what? always be asking yourselfthis very important, simple question. If you cant really answer that question,then cut that bit of content out of your talk.我經(jīng)常用日語對自己說，“dakara nani？”或“sore de？”，大致意思是“那重要嗎？”或“您的觀點(diǎn)是？”當(dāng)我準(zhǔn)備資料時(shí)，我經(jīng)常對自己說這句話。當(dāng)您準(zhǔn)備演示稿的內(nèi)容時(shí)，要始終站在聽眾的角度問自己：“那重要嗎？”在整個(gè)準(zhǔn)備過程中，一定要問自己這些尖銳的問題。例如，您的觀點(diǎn)重要嗎？這也許很酷，但是重要嗎？還是不重要？是的，您應(yīng)該始終站在聽眾的角度，不住地質(zhì)疑演講內(nèi)容是否重要，這些內(nèi)容如何支持演講人的觀點(diǎn)?！澳侵匾獑?？”您可能對自己說。“那重要嗎？”總是問自己這個(gè)非常重要而簡單的問題。如果您實(shí)在不能回答這個(gè)問題，那么就將這些內(nèi)容刪除掉吧。8. Can you passthe elevator test? 8. 您能通過“電梯測試”嗎？Check the clarityof your message with the elevator test. This exercise forces you tosell your message in 30-45 seconds. Imagine this is the situation:You have been scheduled to pitch a new idea to the head of product marketing atyour company, one of the leading technology manufactures in the world. Bothschedules and budgets are tight; this is an extremely important opportunity foryou if you are to succeed at getting the OK from the executive team. When youarrive at the Admin desk outside the vice-presidents office, suddenly shecomes out with her coat and briefcase in hand and barks, .sorry,somethings come up, give me your pitch as we go down to the lobby.Imagine such a scenario. Could you sell your idea in the elevator ride and awalk to the parking lot? Sure, the scenario is unlikely, but possible. What isvery possible, however, is for you to be asked without notice to shorten yourtalk down, from, say, 20 minutes, to 10 minutes (or from a scheduled one hourto 30 minutes), could you do it? True, you may never have to, but practicingwhat you might do in such a case forces you to get your message down and makeyour overall content tighter and clearer.請用電梯測試來檢查下您演講的清晰度。這個(gè)練習(xí)迫使您在30-40秒內(nèi)“推銷”您的演講。想象下這個(gè)場景：您在一家世界領(lǐng)先的制造企業(yè)工作，你被要求向產(chǎn)品營銷負(fù)責(zé)人匯報(bào)您的新想法。時(shí)間安排和預(yù)算都很緊張，如果您要想獲得執(zhí)行小組的肯定，該匯報(bào)就是一個(gè)極為重要的機(jī)會。當(dāng)您到達(dá)副總辦公室外面，走到管理人員桌邊時(shí)，她穿著大衣，拎著手提包突然走出來，“對不起，有些急事，讓我們到大廳去，邊走邊說”，想象一下這樣的場景。您能在搭電梯或去往停車場的途中成功推銷您的想法嗎？是的，這是個(gè)假想場景，但還是有可能發(fā)生的。而且，非常有可能發(fā)生的是，若您被臨時(shí)要求縮短演講時(shí)間，比如從20分鐘減少到10分鐘（或者從1個(gè)小時(shí)減少到30分鐘），您能做到嗎？是的，您可能從來不會遇到，但練習(xí)在這種情況下怎么做，可以幫助您修改演講內(nèi)容，使之更簡潔、更清晰。Author, Ron Hoff(I Can See You Naked) reminds us that your presentation should beable to pass the David Belasco test while youre in the planning stages. David Belasco was a producer who insisted that the core idea for every successfulplay he produced could be written as a simple sentence on the back of abusiness card. Try it. Can you crystallize the essence of your presentation content and write it on the back of a business card? If the task is impossible for you, then you may want to think again and get your message down pat in yourmind. This too is certainly something you do before you ever begin to open up PowerPoint (Keynote).我看到您赤裸的作者Ron Hoff提醒我們，您的演講在計(jì)劃階段就應(yīng)該能通過大衛(wèi)貝拉斯科測試。電影制片人大衛(wèi)貝拉斯科認(rèn)為，他每部成功電影的核心思想都能夠簡化成一句話，可以寫在名片背面。試試看。您能凝練演示稿的主要內(nèi)容，并將其寫在名片上嗎？如果您做不到，那么您就需要再次思考，牢記演講內(nèi)容。這也是您啟動PowerPoint（Keynote）軟件之前需要做的事情。9. The art ofstory telling9.講故事的藝術(shù) Good presentations include stories. The best presenters illustrate their points with the use ofstories, most often personal ones. The easiest way to explain complicated ideasis through examples or by sharing a story that underscores the point. Storiesare easy to remember for your audience. If you want your audience to rememberyour content, then find a way to make it relevant and memorable to them. Youshould try to come up with good, short, interesting stories or examples tosupport your major points.好的演講需要講故事來協(xié)助。最優(yōu)秀的演講人以講故事的方式來說明他們的觀點(diǎn)，而且多是有關(guān)個(gè)人的故事。通過舉例子或講故事來強(qiáng)調(diào)某一觀點(diǎn)，是解釋深奧思想最簡單的方法。您的聽眾很容易記住您講的故事。如果您希望聽眾能記住您演講的內(nèi)容，那么就想方設(shè)法讓演講內(nèi)容與聽眾產(chǎn)生關(guān)聯(lián)并使其易于記憶吧。您應(yīng)該盡量找一些好的、簡短的、有趣的故事或例子來支持主要觀點(diǎn)。In addition, it isuseful to think of your entire 30 minute presentation as an opportunity totell a story. Good stories have interesting, clear beginnings,provocative, engaging content in the middle, and a clear, log