牛津英語(yǔ)上海版6A-基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)解析(unit1-5).doc

Unit11. Words & expressionsfamily tree家譜relative (n.)親戚grandson (n.)孫子granddaughter (n.)孫女cousin (n.)堂兄弟，堂姐妹nephew (n.)外甥niece (n.)侄女，外甥女else (adv.)另外，其他able (adj.)能的；ability (n.)能力；enable (v.)使.能夠 tell sb. about sth.告訴某人關(guān)于某事cook the dishes做菜show sb. sth. = show sth. to sb.給某人看某物wash the dishes洗碟子play games做游戲do a puzzle猜字謎go shopping去購(gòu)物2.Language structure(1) 詢問(wèn)信息v Who is this?/Who are these?這是誰(shuí)？/這些是誰(shuí)？v How old is.? .幾歲？v A：How many.have you got?你有多少.? B：I have got . / I have only got one.我有./我只有一個(gè). A：What do you usually do with your.?你通常和你的.做.? B：I always/usually/sometimes/never do sth. with my.我總是/通常/有時(shí)候/從不和我的.做.(2) 介紹This is./These are.這是./這些是.(3)What else do you do with your?你和你的還干什么？ With是個(gè)介詞，后面接人稱(chēng)代詞時(shí)，要用賓格的形式。 With me/him/her/it/us /them (4)How many uncles do you have?你有多少個(gè)叔叔？ How many后面接可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。(5)always, usually, often, sometimes, never等被稱(chēng)為頻度副詞，提問(wèn)應(yīng)該要用How often?通常情況下常用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)的句子中，表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作或自然現(xiàn)象或事實(shí)。always表示動(dòng)作的重復(fù)頻率最高，usually其次，sometimes再次，never表示動(dòng)作從未發(fā)生。I often tell him about school.我經(jīng)常告訴他關(guān)于學(xué)校的事。I never show them my homework.我從未給他們看我的家庭作業(yè)。(3) look（連系動(dòng)詞）+ adj. “看起來(lái).”Jim looks happy today.Unit21. Words & expressionsfriend (n.)朋友; friendly (adj.)友好的love (n.)愛(ài)；lovely (adj.)可愛(ài)的helpful (adj.)樂(lè)于助人的；helpless (adj.)無(wú)助的help (v./n.)幫助help each other相互幫助help sb. with sth.幫助某人某事 help sb. (to) do sth.幫助某人做某事other people=others其他人angry (adj.)生氣的；anger (n.)生氣angrily (adv.)生氣地 be together一起be kind to sb.對(duì)某人和善share sth. with sb.與某人分享某物 She shares her bread with me .她把她的面包分給了我。tell a lie撒謊在具體的某一天用介詞onon Saturday在周六on a winter night在冬天的一個(gè)晚上on May 9在五月九日l(shuí)ook after sb. = take care of sb.照顧某人look after sb. well = take good care of sb.好好照顧某人find (v.)找到（不經(jīng)意找到）find out找到（經(jīng)過(guò)努力找到）look for尋找（不知道結(jié)果）pick up拾起，撿起put sth. into sp.把某物放在某地promise to do sth.承諾做某事promise not to do sth. 承諾不要做某事keep ones promise遵守某人的諾言make friends with sb.與某人交朋友the friends of the earth地球的朋友other people=others其他人tell a lie = tell lies說(shuō)謊tell sb. to do sth. 告訴某人做某事tell sb. not to do sth. 告訴某人不要做某事discuss sth. with sb. 和某人討論某事2. Language structure(1) 詢問(wèn)信息l A：What do you like to do with your friend?你和朋友喜歡做什么？ B：We like to . together.我們喜歡一起做.l What do you like about him/her?你認(rèn)為他/她怎樣？l How can we look after the environment?我們?cè)鯓觼?lái)照顧環(huán)境？(2) 描述n We like to be together.我們喜歡在一起。n She is always hardworking and she always keeps her promise.她總是努力工作并遵守她的諾言。(3) 表示承諾We promise to do.我們承諾做.(4) always/sometimes/usually/never 是頻度副詞.在句中的位置是：放在行為動(dòng)詞的前面，放在be動(dòng)詞的后面。也可以說(shuō)“行前系后”。 She is always kind.她總是很善良的。 She always helps other people.她總是幫助其他人。 不能出現(xiàn)這樣的句子：She is always helps other people.() 一句話中不能同時(shí)出現(xiàn)兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞。并且要注意主謂保持一致，尤其注意第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)不可以忽略。 (5) already, just和yet的用法：u 時(shí)間副詞：already（已經(jīng)），just（剛剛），yet（還） already和just用于肯定句，置于句中、句尾皆可，yet用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句中，通常放在句尾。常用在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)中，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響，其基本形式：have/has + 過(guò)去分詞。例如，Have you been to the Ocean park yet, Winnie?溫妮，你曾經(jīng)去過(guò)海洋公園嗎？No, I havent been there yet.不，我還沒(méi)去過(guò)那里。Yes, Ive already been there.是的，我已經(jīng)去過(guò)那里。Yes, Ive just been to the Ocean Park.是的，我才去過(guò)海洋公園。u have been to.和have been there的區(qū)別have been to后跟表示地點(diǎn)的名詞，而have been there中there是表示地點(diǎn)的副詞，后面不能再跟地點(diǎn)。例如，I have already been to Shanghai Museum.我已經(jīng)去過(guò)上海博物館。Orient Pearl TV Tower is one of the tallest towers in the world.I have already been there.東方明珠電視塔是世界上最高的塔之一。我已經(jīng)去過(guò)那里。 （6） cant read or write.她既不會(huì)讀也不會(huì)寫(xiě)。 or用在否定句中表平列關(guān)系。and用在肯定句中表平列關(guān)系。 She can read and write.她既會(huì)讀又會(huì)寫(xiě)。Unit31. Words & expressionsaround (prep.)圍繞，繞著round (prep./adj)圍繞，繞著/圓的例如，They are sitting around the teacher. 他們坐在老師周?chē)?。The green ball is almost round.這個(gè)綠球幾乎是圓的。 be far away from遠(yuǎn)離(opp.)be near.在附近at weekends = at the weekend在周末go shopping去購(gòu)物bring sb. Sth. = bring sth. to sb.把某物帶給某人on(island)在（小島上）on Lucky Island在幸運(yùn)島上a photo of my family and me一張我和我家人的照片visit (v.)參觀visitor (n.)參觀者collect (v.)收集collection (n.)收藏，收藏品in .Bay/Town/City 在.灣/城/市plan to do sth. 計(jì)劃做某事2.Language structure(1) get there到達(dá)那里注意：home, here, there等地點(diǎn)副詞前不加to，例如，arrive home到家，arrive at school到學(xué)校，come here到這里，come to my office到我辦公室(2) have a good time = enjoy oneself = enjoy ones time玩得愉快(3)征求對(duì)方意見(jiàn)What/How about (doing) sth.? （做）怎么樣？(5)Where have you been in.?你去了.哪個(gè)地方？ I have been to.in /on 我去了. Where have you been in Shanghai?你到過(guò)上海哪里？ I have been to Century Park in Shanghai.我到過(guò)上海的世紀(jì)公園。（6）a photo of my brother and me 一張我哥和我的照片。 a photo of后接人稱(chēng)代詞時(shí)，應(yīng)該用賓格形式a photo of me/him/her/it/us /them(7) cost以物作主語(yǔ)，通常是問(wèn)價(jià)錢(qián) sth costs sb. yuan.It costs me 20 yuan. take以it作主語(yǔ)。通常是花費(fèi)時(shí)間 It takes me 15 minutes to go to school. spend 以人作主語(yǔ)，既可以是花費(fèi)金錢(qián)，也可以是花費(fèi)時(shí)間。 spend time/money on sth. spend time/money in doing sth. I spend two yuan on this pen.=I spend two yuan in buying this pen.(8)be going to 表將來(lái)be going to=will/shallShall 和第一人稱(chēng)連用， will 和第二，三人稱(chēng)連用例如：She will watch TV.= She is going to watch TV.Unit41.Words & expressionsbusinesswoman (n.)婦女實(shí)業(yè)家其復(fù)數(shù)為：businesswomenfish (n.)(1) 魚(yú)肉UN(2) 魚(yú)（各種種類(lèi)）CN其復(fù)數(shù)為：fishes例如，Help yourself to some fish.Workers drive fish to the supermarket every morning.工人每天早上把魚(yú)送到超市。There are different fishes in the sea.在海里有不同種類(lèi)的魚(yú)。businessman (n.)商人其復(fù)數(shù)為：businessmencook (v./n.)烹調(diào)/廚師cooker (n.)蒸煮器，炊具cooking (n.)烹調(diào)術(shù) teach (v.)教； teacher (n.)教師drive (v.)駕駛； driver (n.)司機(jī)policeman (n.)警察 (pl. policemen)start/finish work開(kāi)始/結(jié)束工作例如，I start work at half past seven in the morning and finish work at eight oclock in the evening. start to do sth.=start doing sth.開(kāi)始做某事finish doing sth.結(jié)束做某事secretary (n.)秘書(shū) (pl. secretaries)a bank clerk一位銀行職員put out fires撲火too much + n.u太多的例如，too much timemuch too + adj.太例如，much too cold太冷了make sick people better使病人病情好轉(zhuǎn)2.Language structure(1) would (not) like to be/do表達(dá)愿望，表示（不）想做某事。（相當(dāng)于want to be/do，是較為婉轉(zhuǎn)的表示法.)I would縮寫(xiě)為Id；would not縮寫(xiě)為wouldnt，例如，I would like to have coffee.我想要喝咖啡。I would like fish.我想要魚(yú)。-Would you like to be a driver?你想成為一名司機(jī)嗎？-Yes, I would./ No, I wouldnt.是的，我想。/不，我不想。注意：like用作動(dòng)詞時(shí)翻譯為“喜歡”，其用法是l like to do sth.l like doing sth.l like sth.例如，He likes to draw. / He likes drawing.他喜歡畫(huà)畫(huà)。(2) spend (spent, spent)花費(fèi)v spend (time/money) in doing sth.花費(fèi)時(shí)間或金錢(qián)做某事，in可以省略v spend (time/money) on sth.花費(fèi)時(shí)間或金錢(qián)在某事或某物上，on不可以省略，例如，We often spend an hour (in) doing our homework. = We often spend an hour on our homework.我們經(jīng)?；ㄙM(fèi)一小時(shí)做作業(yè)。He spent 200 yuan on this coat yesterday.(3) 用because原因狀語(yǔ)從句來(lái)說(shuō)明理由。because“因?yàn)椤?，提?wèn)要用why，例如，-Why would you like to be a teacher?-I would like to be a teacher because I want to teach children.Unit51.Words & expressionschoir (n.)歌隊(duì)，唱詩(shī)班，唱詩(shī)隊(duì)school choir校合唱隊(duì)programme (vi.)編程序 (n.)活動(dòng)安排;(電視)節(jié)目;節(jié)目單entrance (n.)入口enter (v.)進(jìn)入 = come/go intoschool hall學(xué)校劇場(chǎng)English club英語(yǔ)俱樂(lè)部gym體育館，健身房listen to聽(tīng)（強(qiáng)調(diào)聽(tīng)的動(dòng)作）hear聽(tīng)（強(qiáng)調(diào)聽(tīng)的結(jié)果）I listened to the teacher carefully, but I couldnt hear anything.finally (adv.)最后final (adj.)最后的the final exam期末考試arrive (vi.)到達(dá)arrive at(小地方) = get to = reacharrive at school到達(dá)學(xué)校arrive in(大地方) = get to = reacharrive in Shanghai到達(dá)上海注意：arrive home/get home到家arrival (n.)到達(dá)Open Day家長(zhǎng)開(kāi)放日invite (v.)邀請(qǐng)invite sb. To sp.邀請(qǐng)某人到某地invitation (n.)請(qǐng)柬；邀請(qǐng)staff room教工休息室covered playground室內(nèi)體育場(chǎng)route (n.)路線，路徑，航線，路，線路the art and craft room美術(shù)及勞技教室music room音樂(lè)教室2.Language structure(1) 用將來(lái)時(shí)談?wù)搶?lái)的事情will + 動(dòng)詞原形，一般將來(lái)時(shí)表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。例如，The school choir will sing at two fifty.(2) 用副詞表達(dá)事情的進(jìn)展順序。例如，F(xiàn)irst;Next.;Then.;After that.;Finally.(3) 學(xué)習(xí)用介詞表示時(shí)間。例如，2:40-twenty to three/two forty2:20-twenty past two/two twenty(4) 表示順序的數(shù)詞稱(chēng)為序數(shù)詞；在哪一棟樓和房間的門(mén)牌號(hào)用基數(shù)詞，在哪一層樓用序數(shù)詞，例如，room1002，on the second floor注意： 一般在基數(shù)詞后面加th構(gòu)成序數(shù)詞，但有些詞有特殊變化，例如，onefirst, twosecond, threethird, fivefifth, eighteighth, nineninth, twelvetwelfth20至90這樣的整十?dāng)?shù)字變?yōu)樾驍?shù)詞時(shí)，只需把詞尾的字母y改為ie, 再加th即可，例如，twentytwentieth；在表達(dá)第幾十幾，第幾百幾時(shí)，只需將個(gè)位改為序數(shù)詞即可，例如，twenty-twotwenty-second 序數(shù)詞總是和定冠詞the連用。例如， the first lesson(5) Kitty and her classmates took some photos for the English Club on the Open Day. Kitty和她的同學(xué)在家長(zhǎng)開(kāi)放日為英語(yǔ)俱樂(lè)部拍了一些照片。這一句是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，句中took是take的過(guò)去式，表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情。本單元要牢記的動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式還有：listenlistened， visitvisited， arrivearrived，havehad， looklooked典型練習(xí)題：I.Choose the best answer1. Mum spends one hour _ food every day.A. to cook B.cook C.cooking D.cooked解析：本題考察動(dòng)詞spend的用法，其結(jié)構(gòu)是“spend + 時(shí)間或金錢(qián) + （in）doing sth.因此應(yīng)選擇C項(xiàng)。2. There is _ information board in our school.We can get some information about our school from it.A. an B.one C.the D./解析：information是個(gè)不可數(shù)名詞，但是中心名詞是后面的可數(shù)名詞board，因此選擇A項(xiàng)。3. Canada is _ the United States, but China is _ it.A. far away from, near B.near, far away fromC.near, away from D.away from, near解析：本題考察be far away from sp.及其反義詞be near sp.的用法，并且根據(jù)地理知識(shí)