畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)基于單片機(jī)的防盜報(bào)警器的設(shè)計(jì)(英文翻譯).doc

本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（翻譯）專(zhuān) 業(yè)： 電子信息工程 學(xué) 生： 指導(dǎo)教師： 完成日期： 年03月 日 摘要： 利用內(nèi)部資源豐富的FPGA（現(xiàn)場(chǎng)可編程門(mén)陣列），設(shè)計(jì)了一個(gè)無(wú)線報(bào)警發(fā)送系統(tǒng)。它包括編碼器，F(xiàn)SK（頻移鍵控）調(diào)制和每個(gè)通道的控制電路，它可以減小報(bào)警系統(tǒng)的體積同時(shí)提高其可靠性，解調(diào)接收系統(tǒng)的實(shí)現(xiàn)基于一個(gè)應(yīng)用特定程序的集成電路MC3372。在一個(gè)單片機(jī)89C51的幫助下，地址解碼器也設(shè)計(jì)在接收器中。添加其他反干擾功能，有效地降低報(bào)警系統(tǒng)的錯(cuò)誤警報(bào)率。 該系統(tǒng)可以安裝多達(dá)128個(gè)通道的發(fā)送設(shè)備。有某些情況下，在有突發(fā)情況時(shí)，它可以發(fā)送報(bào)警信號(hào)至主機(jī)，系統(tǒng)會(huì)循環(huán)顯示多個(gè)突發(fā)情況所在的區(qū)域代碼。傳輸距離是大于4公里的開(kāi)闊地帶。用戶(hù)可以同時(shí)安裝多個(gè)類(lèi)型的傳感器，例如，煙霧傳感器，可燃?xì)怏w傳感器或防盜傳感器。實(shí)驗(yàn)表明，無(wú)線報(bào)警系統(tǒng)具有高可靠性，高抗干擾能力和低錯(cuò)誤警報(bào)率的優(yōu)勢(shì)。它可以完全滿足對(duì)防火防盜需要。關(guān)鍵詞：通訊；報(bào)警系統(tǒng)；頻移鍵控；微控制器；現(xiàn)場(chǎng)可編程門(mén)陣列 一、前言 無(wú)線報(bào)警系統(tǒng)與有線警報(bào)系統(tǒng)相比，具有隱蔽性和易于安裝的特點(diǎn)。它在復(fù)雜的地形地貌情況之間的長(zhǎng)距離傳輸時(shí)特別有效。由 FPGA（現(xiàn)場(chǎng)可編程門(mén)陣列）組成，其編碼模塊在發(fā)送系統(tǒng)創(chuàng)建地址信號(hào)，F(xiàn)SK（頻移鍵控）調(diào)制信號(hào)及每個(gè)通道的控制器信號(hào)。用FPGA取代MSI / SSI（中等規(guī)模的綜合或小規(guī)模的綜合）數(shù)字電路設(shè)備，不僅提高報(bào)警系統(tǒng)的可靠性和干擾阻力，同時(shí)也降低了它的體積，使系統(tǒng)更易于安裝。由于使用7位二進(jìn)制數(shù)表示地址，最多可以安裝為128個(gè)收發(fā)通道。解碼器由ASIC（特定用途集成電路）和SCM（單芯片微機(jī)）在無(wú)線報(bào)警接收機(jī)系統(tǒng)，它可以有效地降低錯(cuò)誤警報(bào)率。二、發(fā)送系統(tǒng)原理 每個(gè)基站安裝一個(gè)無(wú)線發(fā)送系統(tǒng)，并與一個(gè)7位二進(jìn)制地址標(biāo)識(shí)符相對(duì)應(yīng)。 一旦在任何一個(gè)基站中傳感器檢測(cè)到突發(fā)情況，該區(qū)域的控制信號(hào)發(fā)送至編碼電路，通過(guò)編碼再接入該區(qū)域的7位地址標(biāo)識(shí)的接口電路，轉(zhuǎn)換成FSK信號(hào)。將 FSK信號(hào)傳輸?shù)揭粋€(gè)頻率調(diào)制電路進(jìn)行頻率調(diào)制。再經(jīng)過(guò)功率放大后，經(jīng)調(diào)頻后通過(guò)天線發(fā)出的電磁波發(fā)送。發(fā)送系統(tǒng)的一個(gè)特點(diǎn)是不連續(xù)的發(fā)送。換句話說(shuō)，發(fā)送系統(tǒng)在沒(méi)有突發(fā)情況時(shí)不發(fā)送信號(hào)，當(dāng)有報(bào)警的情況時(shí)會(huì)持續(xù)發(fā)送，以便有機(jī)會(huì)為其他基站發(fā)送信號(hào)。A. 編碼和控制電路配置 編碼電路數(shù)字電路部分由包括8個(gè)模塊的FPGA芯片構(gòu)成。利用D觸發(fā)器組成，模塊dff1是檢測(cè)器和編碼器之間的接口。 振蕩器模塊與一些外部的電阻器和電容器相結(jié)合，形成一個(gè)可控低頻多諧振蕩器。其控制信號(hào)是dff1輸出Q1。當(dāng)Q1等于0時(shí)，它不會(huì)產(chǎn)生振動(dòng)，如果Q1等于1，它通過(guò)振動(dòng)產(chǎn)生低頻方波。如果某些情況下在該區(qū)域出現(xiàn)，振蕩器控制模塊sender發(fā)送間斷的電磁波。模塊circular_shift_r是并行輸入串行輸出桶形移位寄存器。A0A7位是地址代碼的并行輸入端子，根據(jù)編碼器的要求加上高或低的電壓幅值。 Q8是地址碼的串行輸出端。模塊dff2是一個(gè)由JK觸發(fā)器組成控制電路。其安裝信號(hào)是Q1，也用于延遲后的觸發(fā)信號(hào)。 Q2作為the circular_shift_r模塊的并行輸入、串行輸出控制終端。當(dāng)Q2在高電壓幅值時(shí)，circular_shift_r執(zhí)行并行輸入。當(dāng)Q2在低電壓幅值時(shí)，circular_shift_r執(zhí)行串行輸出。模塊delay1是一個(gè)由D觸發(fā)器組成的延時(shí)電路。模塊division是一個(gè)輸出三種不同頻率信號(hào)的頻率分離裝置，其中有兩個(gè)分支，作為FSK調(diào)制信號(hào)的頻率劃分為：f1和f2。其他分支作為模塊dff1和delay1的一個(gè)觸發(fā)脈沖，也作為circular_shift_r時(shí)鐘脈沖的串行輸出。模塊MUX是一個(gè)2-1的多路轉(zhuǎn)換器。其控制信號(hào)由circular_shift_r的Q8輸出。當(dāng) Q8 = 0時(shí)，MUX產(chǎn)生信號(hào)f2，當(dāng)Q8 = 1時(shí)，產(chǎn)生信號(hào)f1。模塊delay2與一些外部的電阻器和電容器相連組成一個(gè)延時(shí)電路。它的功能是在安裝系統(tǒng)后給操作人員離開(kāi)的時(shí)間。不管是否K1（探測(cè)器）是開(kāi)啟或關(guān)閉，發(fā)送電路在延遲時(shí)間內(nèi)都不會(huì)工作。 以下所示，報(bào)警系統(tǒng)的工作原理如下：發(fā)送系統(tǒng)的電源開(kāi)啟時(shí)，輸入dff1處于低電平。然后其輸出端Q1的邏輯值為0，NQ1的邏輯值為1，此時(shí)作為指示電源一個(gè)外部的發(fā)光二極管（LED）點(diǎn)亮。信號(hào)Q1發(fā)送至dff2的設(shè)置終端并使Q2的設(shè)置終端在高電平。高電平Q2將設(shè)置circular_shift_r進(jìn)入并行輸入地址代碼模式。此時(shí)，外部晶體管N2處在飽和狀態(tài)并且N3處在斷開(kāi)狀態(tài)。這使得發(fā)送電路處于被控狀態(tài)，因此，電路將無(wú)法正常工作。因此，如果沒(méi)有突發(fā)情況時(shí)，電路將不發(fā)射載波信號(hào)，并且電路處在低功耗狀態(tài)。一旦某些情況發(fā)生時(shí)，開(kāi)關(guān)K1將啟動(dòng)。 dff1的終端D將立即跳轉(zhuǎn)至轉(zhuǎn)高電平，dff1的輸出Q1設(shè)置在時(shí)鐘脈沖的上升沿時(shí)為高電平。 使dff2的設(shè)置終端S為高電平。 此時(shí)dff2現(xiàn)在處在正常工作的狀態(tài)。經(jīng)過(guò)模塊delay1延時(shí)后，Q1脈沖的上升沿會(huì)觸發(fā)dff2輸出低電壓，這將使晶體管N2關(guān)閉，N3打開(kāi)，延時(shí)模塊的常開(kāi)觸點(diǎn)將被關(guān)閉。此時(shí)上電的發(fā)送電路啟動(dòng)，電路開(kāi)始正常工作。同時(shí)，如果Q2的邏輯值為0，circular_shift_r將切換至串行移位狀態(tài)并且輸出地址信號(hào)。當(dāng)?shù)刂反a為0時(shí)，則MUX的輸出為f2。當(dāng)?shù)刂反a為1時(shí)，輸出將是f1。終端f2和f1作為載波調(diào)制的調(diào)制信號(hào)。在這種方式中，地址代碼在低頻振蕩器的第一個(gè)周期被發(fā)送。在第二個(gè)周期，它停止發(fā)送，為了給其他基站一段時(shí)間發(fā)送。在第三個(gè)周期后，重復(fù)上述步驟操作。 通過(guò)以上的討論，我們得出的結(jié)論是：編碼電路和控制電路的展示的功能如下：當(dāng)電源接通時(shí)，操作人員人離開(kāi)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)的時(shí)間延遲，在等待的情況下的低功耗模式，不連續(xù)發(fā)送和FSK調(diào)制等，比許多編碼器ASIC具有更多的功能且更加靈活。三、接收系統(tǒng)的配置和原理 一套無(wú)線接收器設(shè)置在警衛(wèi)室，負(fù)責(zé)監(jiān)測(cè)所有基站領(lǐng)域。無(wú)線接收器的原理如下所示。收到的調(diào)制信號(hào)經(jīng)由低通濾波器后，送入高頻共射，共基極放大器配置為放大狀態(tài)。然后通過(guò)雙調(diào)諧電路將信號(hào)發(fā)送至中頻調(diào)制放大器，即混合發(fā)送到ASIC芯片（MC3372）的輸入端（16引腳）。本地振蕩電路的振蕩頻率為455 kHz時(shí)比接收到的信號(hào)更高。作為芯片MC3372的第一管腳，此信號(hào)與外部信號(hào)混合將得到455 kHz時(shí)的中頻信號(hào)。過(guò)濾后，中頻信號(hào)首先傳送到MC3372的第八引腳做頻率檢測(cè)，然后由內(nèi)部芯片MC3372的低頻放大器放大，然后第九引腳輸出基帶信號(hào)。由低頻率的單晶體管放大，基帶信號(hào)由兩個(gè)施密特門(mén)（CD4584）轉(zhuǎn)換成FSK信號(hào)，將被發(fā)送進(jìn)MCS（主控裝置）的3.0引腳進(jìn)行解碼。 在這個(gè)系統(tǒng)中的MCS是芯片89C51，其中加入一個(gè)12MHz外部晶體振蕩器。其定時(shí)器T1作為模式2的波特率發(fā)生器，并且SMOD = 1300波特/秒。選擇串口模式1，這意味著在一個(gè)異步通信模式下，每幀10位，其中8位數(shù)據(jù)位的低7位是地址代碼，并且第8位作為奇偶校驗(yàn)位。該系統(tǒng)采用的是偶校驗(yàn)。 當(dāng)接收到一個(gè)地址碼，MCS首先進(jìn)行校驗(yàn)。 那么，如果它是正確的，MCS比較其數(shù)值，并輸出7位地址碼，并存儲(chǔ)到內(nèi)存中的數(shù)據(jù)緩沖區(qū)。這些步驟重復(fù)3次，以確定3個(gè)地址碼。如果3個(gè)地址碼是相同的，MCS將確認(rèn)接收地址信號(hào)，這是一種有效的報(bào)警信號(hào)，也就是說(shuō)，地址碼不是一個(gè)噪聲信號(hào)。然后觸發(fā)報(bào)警電路發(fā)出報(bào)警聲。與此同時(shí)，代碼號(hào)將顯示在LED指示那個(gè)基站觸發(fā)報(bào)警。 LED采用了動(dòng)態(tài)掃描的顯示方法。如果有一個(gè)以上的基站區(qū)域有突發(fā)情況時(shí)，MCS將每隔3秒顯示它們的代碼數(shù)。報(bào)警音頻處理電路采用了NE556雙時(shí)基集成電路芯片，形成一個(gè)雙音頻多諧振蕩器，它會(huì)發(fā)出報(bào)警聲振鈴。系統(tǒng)可以配置傳感器用于火災(zāi)報(bào)警，可燃?xì)怏w報(bào)警和防盜報(bào)警。四、抗干擾措施重要的是要提高無(wú)線通信的抗干擾能力。在硬件中采取抗干擾措施。例如，要合理安排印刷電路板（PCB），提高了電源去耦，并合理放置高頻和低頻濾波器。由于接收系統(tǒng)包括高頻電路，獨(dú)立的模擬電路和數(shù)字電路芯片，各有各的部分。為了防范內(nèi)部和外部干涉或高頻輻射，在一個(gè)金屬屏蔽盒放置高頻放大器和中頻放大器通道并且將MCS系統(tǒng)放置在另一個(gè)金屬屏蔽盒。采用FSK調(diào)制方式，雙調(diào)諧選頻和ASIC解調(diào)。所有這些措施，可以有效地減少系統(tǒng)受到的干擾。對(duì)于軟件部分，采用模塊化結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)的軟件系統(tǒng)。連續(xù)數(shù)次區(qū)分地址碼的奇偶校驗(yàn)可以大大降低系統(tǒng)的錯(cuò)誤報(bào)警率。 五、總結(jié)在此報(bào)警系統(tǒng)的軟件和硬件的設(shè)計(jì)是合理的。它的可靠性是在可觀地增加，而錯(cuò)誤報(bào)警率在不斷下降。實(shí)驗(yàn)表明，當(dāng)斷開(kāi)檢測(cè)器時(shí)錯(cuò)誤報(bào)警率幾乎為零。當(dāng)連接微波雙重辨識(shí)防盜探測(cè)器（DT - 400系列）時(shí)，其傳輸距離4公里大于開(kāi)闊地帶，錯(cuò)誤報(bào)警率每1000小時(shí)少于4次。由于斷續(xù)工作且發(fā)送方式為每秒300波特，報(bào)警系統(tǒng)可以可靠地工作并且兩個(gè)發(fā)送系統(tǒng)之間的時(shí)間差距小于0.2秒。事實(shí)上，它可以滿足實(shí)際應(yīng)用的各種需要。 Multifunctional Intelligent Wireless Alarm SystemAbstract: Making use of rich inner resource of FPGA(Field Programmable Gate Arrays), a wireless alarm sending system is designed. It includes encoder, FSK(Frequency Shift Keying) modulation and every channels control circuits, which can decrease volume and increase reliability of the alarm system.The demodulation of receive system is realized by an application specific integrated circuits MC3372. With the help of a single-chip microcomputer 89C51, the address decoder is also designed in the receiver. Adding to other anti-interference,the alarming system has effectively decreased the error-alarm rate. The system can install up to 128 channel sending devices. It can send an alarm to the host when there are some cases in stand-off areas, and the system will display on rotation multiple cases area codes . The transmission distance is greater than 4Km in open zones. User can install more than one type sensors simultaneously, for example, smog sensor, combustible gas sensor or burglar sensor. Experiments show that the wireless alarm system has the strengths of high reliability, high anti-disturbance ability and low error-alarm rate. It can entirely meet the needs of alarm fireproofing and guard against theft, etc.Keywords: communication; Alarm systems; Frequency Shift Keying; Micro-controllers; Field Programmable Gate Arrays I. INTRODUCTION Compared with a wired alert system, a wireless alarm system has characteristics of covertness and ease of installation. It is especially effective when transmitting between long distances in a complex landform situation. Made up of FPGA (Field Programmable Gate-Array), the encoding module in the sending system creates the address signal, FSK (frequency shift keying) modulates the signal and each channels controller signals. Using FPGA to replace MSI/SSI (Middle Scale Integrated or Small scale Integrated) digital circuit devices, not only increase the reliability and the resistance to interference of the alarm system, but it also decreases its volume and makes the system easier to install. Since used 7 bits binary number to express the address, up to 128 channels sender can be installed. The decoder consists of ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit) and SCM in the wireless alarm receiver system, which can effectively decrease the error-alarm rate.II. THE SENDING SYSTEM PRINCIPLE Each stand-off is equipped with a wireless sending system,and corresponds with a 7 bits address identifier in binary. Once a case is detected by a sensor in any stand-off, a control signal of this area is sent to its encoding circuit via interface circuit, which converts the areas 7bit address identifier into FSK signal. Then FSK signal is transmitted into a frequency modulation circuit for frequency modulating. After power amplification, the frequency modulation electromagnetic wave is emitted via antenna. One characteristic of the sending system is discontinuous sending. In other words, the sending system does not send signals when there is no case, and do keep sending when there is an alarm situation, so as to provide chances to send signals for other stand-off areas. A. The Encoding and Controlling Circuit Configuration The digital circuit part of the encoding circuit is made by a FPGA chip which includes 8 modules.Formed by D triggers, module dff1 is the interface between detector and encoder. Module oscillator combines with some external resistors and capacitors to form a controllable low frequency multivibrator. Its control signal is the output of dff1-Q1. It does not vibrate when Q1is equal to 0, and if Q1is equal to 1, it vibrates to generate low frequency square waves. If some cases appear in the area, the oscillator controls the module SENDER to send electromagnetic wave discontinuously. The module circular_shift_r is a parallel input serial output circular shift register. The bit A0A7 are the parallel address code input terminals, which are joined to high or low voltage level according to the encoder requirement. Q8 is the serial output terminal of the address code. Module dff2 is a control circuit that is made of some JK triggers. Its setup signal is Q1, which also acts as a trigger signal after delay. Q2 acts as the parallel-in-serial-out control terminal of thecircular_shift_r module. When Q2 is at high voltage level,circular_shift_r performs parallel input. When Q2 is at low voltage level, circular_shift_r executes serial output. The module delay1 is a delay circuit composed of D triggers.The module division is a frequency division that creates three different routes frequency output signals, two of which branches and act as FSK modulating signals: f1 and f2. The other branch acts as a triggering pulse for modules dff1 and delay1, and also acts as the clock pulse of circular_shift_rfor performing serial-out. The module MUX is a 2 to 1multiplexer. Its control signal is the output Q8 ofcircular_shift_r. When Q80, MUX produces the signal f2, and when Q81, it exports f1. The module delay2combines with some external resistors and capacitors to form a delay circuit. Its function is to give workers some time to leave after installing the system. The sending circuit does no work within the delay time, no matter whether K1(detector) is on or off. This is the external connection drawing of the FPGA chip.B. The Working Principle As shown following, the working principle of the alarm system is as follows: when the power of the sending system turns on, the input of the dff1 is at low level. Then its output terminal Q1 is at logic value 0, NQ1 is at logic 1, and a external light-emitting diode (LED) is lit to indicate the power is on. The signal Q1 is sent to the setting terminal of dff2 to set terminal Q2 at high level. The high level Q2 will set circular_shift_r into the parallel input address code mode. At this time, the outer transistor N2 is at saturation state and N3 at cut-off state. This makes the sending circuit at a passive state, therefore, the circuit will not work. Hence, the circuit does not emit carrier wave if there is no case, and it is at low consumable power state.Once some cases appear, the switch K1 is on. The terminal D of the dff1 turns to high level immediately, and the output Q1of dff1 is set to high level at the rising edge of the clock pulse. It makes the setting terminal s of dff2 at high level too. The dff2 now is at normal working state. After delaying by module delay1, the former edge of the Q1 pulse will trigger dff2 to output low voltage, which will make the transistor N2 off, N3 on, and the delays normally open contact will be closed. The electric power supply to the sending circuit is on, and the circuit begins to work normally. Simultaneously, if Q2 is at logic 0, circular_shift_r will be change to serial shift state and export address signals. When the address code is 0, the output of MUX will be f2. And when the address code is 1, the output will be f1. Terminals f2 and f1 act as the modulation signal for modulating the carrier wave. In this way, the address code is sent out at the first cycle of the low frequency oscillator. At the second cycle it stops sending in order to give other stand-off a period of time to send. After the third cycle, repeat the procedure above. From the discussion above, we have the conclusion that the encoding and control circuit have the function to display when the power is on, time delay for human to leave the spot, low power cost mode for waiting case, discontinuity sending and FSK modulating etc. It is more flexible and has more functions than many encoder ASIC. III. THE CONFIGURATION AND PRINCIPLE OF THE RECEIVING SYSTEM Set in guardhouse, a set of wireless receiver takes charge of monitoring all stand-off areas. The principle of the wireless receiver is show following. Passing by the low pass filter, the received modulation signal is sent into the high frequency common-emitter and common-base configuration cascade amplifier for amplifying. Then the signal is sent to the intermediate frequency modulation amplifier via the dual tuning circuit, i.e. sent into the input terminal (16th pin) of an ASIC chip (MC3372) to do mixing. The oscillate frequency of the local oscillator circuit is 455KHz higher than the received signal. Delivering to the first pin of the chip MC3372, the signal will mix with the external signal to get 455KHz intermediate frequency signal. After filtering, the intermediate frequency signal is first delivered to the 8th MC3372 pin to do frequency detection, and second amplified by an inner low frequency amplifier of the chip MC3372, then the 9th pin exports the baseband signal. Amplified by a low frequency single transistor, the baseband signal is rectified by two steps Schmitt gates (CD4584) to turn into a FSK signal, which will be sent into pin 3.0 of MCS to be decoded. MCS in this system is chip 89C51, which joins an outer 12MHZ crystal oscillator. Its timer T1 act as a baud rate generator in mode 2, and SMOD=1,300 baud/sec. serial port is selected in mode 1, which means an asynchronous communication mode, 10 bit per frame in which the lower 7 bits of the 8 data bit is the address code, and the 8th acts as the parity check bit. The system uses even check. When receiving an address code, the MCS firstly performs parity check. If it is correct ,then ,the MCS compare their value and takes out 7 bits address code and stores it into data buffer in memory. These procedures repeat 3 times in order to identify the 3 address codes. If the 3 address codes are the same, the MCS will confirm that the receiving address signal is an effective alarm signal, that is to say, the address code is not a noise signal. It then triggers the alarm circuit to send the alarm sound. At the same time, the code number will display on the LED indicating which stand-off triggered the alarm. The LED uses a dynamic scan display method. If there are more than one stand-off areas have cases simultaneously, the MCS will display their code number in turn at 3 seconds intervals. The alarm audio process circuit uses a NE556 dual time base circuit chip to form a dual audio frequency multivibrator, which will give off a ringing alarm sound. System could configure sensors use for alarm of fire,combustible gas and theft.IV. ANTI-INTERFERENCE MEASURE It is important to heighten the anti-interference ability for wireless communications. anti-disturbance measures takes form in the hardware. For example, one should reasonably arrange the PCB (printed circuit board)，increase power decoupling, and place the high and low frequency filter reasonably. Since the receiver system includes high frequency circuits, separate the analogue circuit and digital circuit chip, and make each have its own ground. To guard against external and internal interference or high frequency radiation, put the high frequency amplifier and middle frequency amplifier channels in a metallic shield box and the MCS system into another metallic shield casket. Adopt FSK modulation, double tuning select frequency and ASIC demodulation. All of these measures can effectively decrease interference to the system. For software, use the modular structure to design the software system. Continuously distinguishing address code several times and by parity check can dramatically reduce the error-alarming rate of the system.V. THE ENDING The design of software and hardware in this alarm system is reasonable. Its reliability is observably increased, and the error alarm rate is decreased. Experiments show that the error alarm rate is nearly zero when disconnecting the detector. The transmission distance is greater than 4Km in open zones When connecting microwave dual discriminating theft-proof detector（DT-400 Family）, the error alarm rate is less than 4 times every 1000 hours. Since working in the discontinuously sending method at 300baud/s, the alarm system can work reliably as long as the time gap between two sending systems is less than 0.2sec. In fact, it can meet the need in actual applications.基于單片機(jī)的智能住宅安防報(bào)警和遠(yuǎn)程控制系統(tǒng)摘要：為了對(duì)偷盜，搶劫和意外事故進(jìn)行有效的監(jiān)控和警告，統(tǒng)一使用單片機(jī)AT89C51的控制技術(shù)和紅外探測(cè)技術(shù)，設(shè)計(jì)了一種無(wú)線防盜報(bào)警器，它包括硬件和軟件兩部分;硬件部分是由紅外線感應(yīng)器，發(fā)送和接收模塊，單片機(jī)，聲光報(bào)警等組成；軟件部分是由主程序和音樂(lè)子程序組成。 采用C或匯編語(yǔ)言編寫(xiě)的源程序，在Keilc51平臺(tái)上進(jìn)行翻譯和調(diào)試后，下載到單片機(jī)AT89C51芯片，并根據(jù)焊接在PCB板上的此單片機(jī)和其他主要設(shè)備設(shè)計(jì)一個(gè)電路。對(duì)于電源，閉路循環(huán)控制開(kāi)關(guān)，當(dāng)有人入侵紅外線發(fā)射區(qū)，產(chǎn)生聲光報(bào)警，表示已經(jīng)達(dá)到設(shè)計(jì)要求，這個(gè)項(xiàng)目展示了智能化住宅防盜報(bào)警，緊急報(bào)警，火災(zāi)報(bào)警器，有毒氣體泄漏遠(yuǎn)程自動(dòng)聲音報(bào)警及遠(yuǎn)程控制系統(tǒng)，它是基于89C51單片機(jī)。該系統(tǒng)可自動(dòng)報(bào)警，自動(dòng)致電警方熱線電話號(hào)碼。它可用于語(yǔ)音報(bào)警，并顯示發(fā)生報(bào)警的地址。它可以設(shè)置和修改用戶(hù)的密碼。它可以進(jìn)行錄制和語(yǔ)音提示。它可用于電話遠(yuǎn)程控制電源。該報(bào)警系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)創(chuàng)新，具有多功能，成本低，可靠性高等諸多特點(diǎn)。 隨著時(shí)代的不斷進(jìn)步，人們對(duì)自己的居住環(huán)境安全提出了更高的要求，不僅在生活，特別是在安全方面，一定要注意這些頻繁發(fā)生的意外?，F(xiàn)在，許多區(qū)域已安裝了智能報(bào)警系統(tǒng)，從而大大提高居住區(qū)的安全率，因?yàn)榧t外線是一種黑色的光，使用無(wú)線發(fā)射和接收，無(wú)需獨(dú)立的布線，它具有很強(qiáng)的保密性和保密性，從而在安全，安保部分等安全領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用應(yīng)該有很大的優(yōu)勢(shì)。關(guān)鍵詞：紅外傳感；發(fā)射；接收；單片機(jī)；警告一、 簡(jiǎn)介 隨著計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)和控制技術(shù)及通信技術(shù)的發(fā)展，人民生活水平日益改善。人民的生活條件已經(jīng)發(fā)生了變化，例如產(chǎn)生了居住環(huán)境的安全和如何使他們生活得更加舒適等問(wèn)題。因此，智能化的住宅建筑的自動(dòng)控制的出現(xiàn)順應(yīng)了時(shí)代的要求。智能化小區(qū)必須有安全防范，防盜報(bào)警，火災(zāi)報(bào)警器，有毒氣體泄漏自動(dòng)報(bào)警和緊急呼叫等功能。關(guān)鍵設(shè)備電源的遠(yuǎn)程控制是能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)的。近年來(lái)，隨著技術(shù)和經(jīng)濟(jì)的進(jìn)步，電子防盜報(bào)警系統(tǒng)的迅速發(fā)展并得到廣泛應(yīng)用?，F(xiàn)在它不僅適用于許多重要的政府部門(mén)，但也適用于許多家庭。 在深入研究各種報(bào)警裝置后，我們?cè)O(shè)計(jì)了基于單片機(jī)的智能住宅安防報(bào)警和遠(yuǎn)程控制系統(tǒng)。該系統(tǒng)是以89C51單片機(jī)為基礎(chǔ)，具有智能化住宅防盜報(bào)警器，緊急呼叫報(bào)警器，火災(zāi)報(bào)警器，有毒氣體泄漏自動(dòng)報(bào)警和遠(yuǎn)程控制。它可以致電警方熱線電話號(hào)碼。它是能夠使用語(yǔ)音報(bào)警，并顯示發(fā)生報(bào)警的地址。用戶(hù)可以設(shè)置和修改密碼。它可以進(jìn)行錄制和語(yǔ)音提示，并利用電話進(jìn)行遙控。用戶(hù)不在家時(shí)，它可以使用密碼進(jìn)入遠(yuǎn)程部署來(lái)遠(yuǎn)程控制電器的電源。該系統(tǒng)利用通信設(shè)備來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)多通道檢測(cè)，現(xiàn)場(chǎng)報(bào)警，緊急報(bào)警，火災(zāi)報(bào)警和有毒氣體泄漏自動(dòng)報(bào)警。還可以通過(guò)自動(dòng)撥號(hào)電話實(shí)現(xiàn)遠(yuǎn)程語(yǔ)音報(bào)警功能。它直接連接在電話線上即可使用。在使用之前，用戶(hù)將被要求在可見(jiàn)處的安裝檢測(cè)設(shè)備。必須設(shè)置報(bào)警電話號(hào)碼，記錄報(bào)警語(yǔ)音。該報(bào)警系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)創(chuàng)新，具有多功能，成本低，可靠性高等諸多特點(diǎn)。二、 系統(tǒng)組件 智能住宅安防報(bào)警和遠(yuǎn)程控制系統(tǒng)的構(gòu)成如下所示。該系統(tǒng)是通過(guò)電話接口電路和電話網(wǎng)絡(luò)連接起來(lái)的。 89C51單片機(jī)控制MT8880的雙音多頻（DTMF）編解碼器與電話網(wǎng)絡(luò)的信息交換。當(dāng)發(fā)現(xiàn)危險(xiǎn)時(shí)，危險(xiǎn)編碼信號(hào)從相應(yīng)的檢測(cè)模塊通過(guò)天線傳輸至主控芯片。主控芯片根據(jù)接收到的信號(hào)輸出相應(yīng)的報(bào)警信息。這部分是完整的語(yǔ)音接口電路，使用的是ISD1420芯片。當(dāng)用戶(hù)呼叫系統(tǒng)時(shí)，用戶(hù)可以根據(jù)聲音的語(yǔ)音接口電路控制設(shè)備。 系統(tǒng)組件是由檢測(cè)電路，無(wú)線發(fā)射器，接收器電路，電話接口電路，語(yǔ)音電路，DTMF編解碼電路，電話信號(hào)檢測(cè)電路和主控制電路組成。每個(gè)模塊描述如下：A、 檢測(cè)電路 一部分電路是整個(gè)系統(tǒng)的檢測(cè)部分，用于檢測(cè)盜竊，火災(zāi)，有毒氣體泄漏，緊急呼叫信號(hào)。防盜檢測(cè)是通過(guò)熱釋電紅外傳感器來(lái)完成的。傳感器安裝在陽(yáng)臺(tái)上，窗戶(hù)和其他盜賊很容易進(jìn)入的地方。該部分電路在正常情況下處于準(zhǔn)備就緒狀態(tài)。當(dāng)有人進(jìn)入監(jiān)控范圍時(shí)，傳感器追蹤其盜竊信息。然后，無(wú)線模塊將信息發(fā)送到89C51單片機(jī)?；馂?zāi)和有毒氣體的檢測(cè)是通過(guò)相應(yīng)的檢測(cè)傳感器來(lái)完成的，從用戶(hù)的手持遙控器發(fā)出緊急