光學(xué)冷加工-研磨加工基本知識(shí).doc

研磨加工基本知識(shí)講義 一、 鏡片加工流程及基本知識(shí)1、 鏡片加工流程： 切削 研削 研磨 洗凈2、 切削的基本知識(shí)：切削：國(guó)內(nèi)叫“粗磨”，國(guó)外叫NCG，為英文“球面創(chuàng)成”之縮寫(xiě)。切削目的：去除材料硝材表面層，深度為0.50.6mm.。 由于硝材壓型時(shí)精度不高，不加大加工余量就不能達(dá)到鏡片所需尺寸（包括曲率、肉厚等）。3、 研削的基本知識(shí)：研削（也稱精磨或砂掛），是鏡片研磨前的極為重要的工序，研削加工的主要目的為： 加工出研磨工序所需要的表面精細(xì)度。 研削分為兩道工序： A、第一道工序稱S1，用1200#1500#的鉆石粒。 B、第二道工序稱S2，用1500#2000#的樹(shù)指進(jìn)行加工。 加工出研磨工序所需要的球面精度。 滿足鏡片中心肉厚要求，在規(guī)定的尺寸公差之內(nèi)。 研削品質(zhì)的好壞對(duì)研磨后鏡片的品質(zhì)影響極大。如研磨不良傷痕（）、砂目（）、肉厚、面不等不良均與研削有直接關(guān)系，研削品質(zhì)的好壞決定研磨品質(zhì)的優(yōu)劣。二、 研磨加工基本知識(shí)：硝材在經(jīng)過(guò)切削及研削，其基本尺寸及表面光潔度已經(jīng)形成，但仍不能滿足客戶光學(xué)上的要求，必須進(jìn)行研磨工序，研磨是獲得光學(xué)表面的最主要的工序：1、 研磨加工的目的： 去除精度的破壞層，達(dá)到規(guī)定的外觀限度要求。 精修面形，達(dá)到圖面規(guī)置之不理的曲率半徑R值，滿足面本數(shù)NR要求及光圈局部允差（亞斯）的要求。2、 研磨的機(jī)理： 機(jī)械研削理論。 化學(xué)學(xué)說(shuō)。 表面流動(dòng)理論。3、 光圈的識(shí)別與度量（我們通常說(shuō)的面即光圈） 什么是光圈？被檢查鏡片表面面形與標(biāo)準(zhǔn)曲率半徑的原器面形有偏差時(shí)，它們之間含形成對(duì)稱的契形空氣間隙，從而形成等厚干涉條紋，有日光照射下可見(jiàn)到彩色光環(huán)（此時(shí)空氣隙，呈環(huán)形對(duì)稱），這種彩色的光環(huán)稱為光圈，我們通常觀察光圈數(shù)（即面本數(shù)）以紅色光帶為準(zhǔn)。這是因?yàn)榧t色光帶較寬（波長(zhǎng)范圍為0.62um0.78um），看起來(lái)清晰明亮。 面本數(shù)的識(shí)別與度量圖B圖APP紅色光帶光帶向內(nèi)縮有原器檢查鏡片時(shí)，如果二者是邊緣接觸（中間有空氣層），從正方稍加壓力P，干涉條紋從外向中心部移動(dòng)即向內(nèi)縮，稱為低光圈或負(fù)光圈（圖A），如果二者是從中間開(kāi)始接觸（邊緣有空氣隙），從正上方稍加壓力P，干涉條紋從中心向邊緣移動(dòng)（或向外擴(kuò)散）稱為高光圈或正光圈（圖B） 光帶向外擴(kuò)此時(shí)判定其面本數(shù)是以紅色光帶為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，垂直觀察有幾個(gè)圓環(huán)帶即面本數(shù)為幾本，如圖A為NR=-3本，如圖B為NR=+3本。 亞斯的識(shí)別與度量目前公司將面精度的中高、中低、垂邊、分散或邊等統(tǒng)稱為亞斯，亞斯一定要滿足作業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的要求，超過(guò)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)含影響鏡頭的解像，所以亞斯是一個(gè)非常重要的指標(biāo)， And grinding Basic knowledge handoutsLens processing processes and basic knowledge1, lens processing process:Wash cutting grinding grinding 2, the cutting of the basics:Cutting: Domestic called coarse, abroad called the NCG, English spherical Creation abbreviation.Cutting Objective: To remove the material the surface of the glass material layer and a depth of 0.5 to 0.6mm.Due to the type of glass material pressure accuracy is not high, do not increase the allowance can not be required to reach the lens size (including curvature, flesh, etc.).3, the grinding of the basics:Grinding (also known as grinding or sand hanging) is an extremely important step in front of the lens grinding Grinding main purpose: machined surface fineness of the grinding step.Grinding is divided into two processes:A first process known as S1, 1200 # to 1500 # diamond particles.B, the second process known as S2, 1500 # # 2000 resin processing. processing spherical precision polishing step.(3) to meet the center of the lens flesh requirements within the specified dimensional tolerances.(4) grinding quality is good or bad quality of the lens grinding a great impact.Such as grinding bad scars (Cash), graining (su), flesh, ranging from bad to have a direct relationship with the grinding surface, the pros and cons of grinding quality determines the quality of the grinding quality.Grinding Basics:Nitrate material in its basic dimensions and surface finish has been formed after cutting and grinding, but it still can not meet the requirements of the customer optical polishing step must be carried out, is the most important step to obtain the optical surface polishing:1, the purpose of grinding:(1) removal of the accuracy of the destruction layer, to achieve the required appearance limit requirements. the fine shave shaped to drawing requirements ignore the radius of curvature R, meet the requirements of the surface number NR requirements and aperture local tolerance (Elias).2, the grinding mechanism: mechanical RESEARCH cut theory.(2) chemical theory.(3) surface flow theory.3, identification and measurement of the aperture (we usually say that the surface of the iris) What is Aperture?Check the surface shape of the lens surface with the standard radius of curvature of the original surface shape deviation between them containing a symmetrical wedge-shaped air gap is formed, thereby forming fringes of equal thickness, the color can be seen under the sunlight halo (air gap annular symmetry), this halo of color called the iris aperture surface (the number), we usually observe the red band of light.This is because the red wide band of light (wavelength range 0.62um 0.78um), looks clear and bright. face identification and measurement of the number ofOriginal check lenses, if both the edge of the contact (the air layer in the middle), a little from the affirmative pressure P, interference fringes i.e. inwardly retracted portion moving from the center outward, as low the aperture or negative aperture (A) , if both are from the middle into contact with the air gap (edge), a little from the top of the positive pressure P, the interference fringes move from the center to the edge (or outward diffusion) called high aperture or positive aperture (Figure B)Determine the number of its surface is the red band of light as a standard vertical observation of several rings with that surface of the number of the Figure A Figure B is NR = -3, for NR = +3 this.(3) Elias identification and measurementSurface accuracy