全部倒裝completeinversion.docVIP

全部倒裝complete inversion 謂語(predicate)主語(subject) e.g. How goes the time? 幾點鐘了？ 部分倒裝 partial inversion 助動詞(auxiliary verb)主語(subject) e.g. Seldom have we felt as comfortable as here. 我們難得像在這里這么舒服。 1.全部倒裝 全部倒裝是只將句子中的謂語動詞全部置于主語之前。此結構通常只用與一般現在時和一般過去時。常見的結構有： 1) here, there, now, then, thus等副詞置于句首, 謂語動詞常用be, come, go, lie, run等表示來去或運動狀態(tài)的動詞。There goes the bell.Then came the chairman.Here is your letter 2) 表示運動方向的副詞或地點狀語置于句首，謂語表示運動的動詞。 Then came the order to take off. 那時，出發(fā)的命令來了。 On the left is the river.左邊是那條河。 比較 There he comes. 他來了。 Here they are. 他們在這兒。 當主語是人稱代詞(personal pronoun)時，則不能完全倒裝。 2.部分倒裝 部分倒裝是指將謂語的一部分如助動詞(auxiliary verb)或情態(tài)動詞(modal verb)倒裝至主語之前。 如果句中的謂語沒有助動詞或情態(tài)動詞，則需添加助動詞do, does或did，并將其置于主語之前。 1)句首為否定或半否定的詞語，如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until Never have I seen such a performance. Nowhere will you find the answer to this question. Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room.Not until引出主從復合句，主句(main clause)倒裝，從句(subordinate clause)不v 倒裝。 注意： 如否定詞不在句首不倒裝。I have never seen such a performance. The mother didnt leave the room until the child fell asleep. 1)Why cant I smoke here?At no time_ in the meeting-room.A. is smoking permitted B. smoking is permittedC. smoking is it permitted D. does smoking permit 答案A. 這是一個倒裝問題。當否定詞語置于句首以表示強調時，其句中的主謂須用倒裝結構。 這些否定詞包括no, little, hardly, seldom, never, not only, not until等。 本題的正常語序是 Smoking is permitted in the meeting-room at no time. 2） Not until the early years of the 19th century _ what heat is.A. man did know B. man know C. didnt man know D. did man know 答案D. 看到Not until的句型，我們知道為一倒裝句，答案在C，D 中選一個。 改寫為正常語序為，Man did not know what heat is until the early years of the 19th. 現在將not提前，后面就不能再用否定了,否則意思就變了。 2）一些固定結構位于句首要部分倒裝 如 Not onlybut also, Hardly/Scarcelywhen, No sooner than Not only did he refuse the gift, but also he severely criticized the sender. 他沒有收下禮物，還狠狠地批評了送禮的人。 Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her. 她剛出門，就有個學生來訪。 No sooner had the game begun than it began to rain heavily. 比賽剛開始，就下起了大雨。 注意：只有當Not only but also連接兩個分句時，才在第一個分句用倒裝結構。如果置于句首的Not only but also僅連接兩個并列詞語，不可用倒裝結構。 Not only you but also I am fond of music. 典型例題No sooner_ than it began to rain heavily.A. she left B. has she leftC. did she leave D. had she left 答案D. 以具有否定意義的副詞放在句首時，一般采用倒裝句(謂語前置)。這類表示否定意義的詞有never, seldom, scarcely, little, few, not, hardly, 以及not onlybut (also), no soonerthan, hardly when scarcely when等等。 3）so, neither, nor作部分倒裝 表示也、也不 的句子要部分倒裝。Tom can speak French. So can Jack.If you wont go, neither will I. -Do you know Jim quarrelled with his brother?-I dont know, _.A. nor dont I care B. nor do I care C. I dont care neither D. I dont care also 答案：B. nor為增補意思也不關心，因此句子應倒裝。A錯在用 dont 再次否定， C neither 用法不對且缺乏連詞。 D缺乏連詞。 注意： 當so引出的句子用以對上文內容加以證實或肯定時，不可用倒裝結構。意為“的確如此”。 Tom asked me to go to play football and so I did. -Its raining hard. -So it is. 4）only在句首要倒裝的情況 Only in this way, can you learn English well. Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting. 3.虛擬條件句的倒裝 虛擬條件句的從句部分如果含有were, should, 或had, 可將if省略，再把were, should或had 移到從句句首，實行倒裝。 Were they here now, they could help us.=If they were here now, they could help us. Had you come earlier, you would have met him. =If you had come earlier, you would have met him. Should it rain, the crops would be saved.=Were it to rain, the crops would be saved. 注意： 在虛擬語氣(subjunctive clause)的從句中，動詞be的一律用“were”，不用was,即在從句中be用were代替。 If I were you, I would go to look for him.如果我是你，就會去找他。 If he were here, everything would be all right. 如果他在這兒，一切都會好的。 典型例題_ to do the work, I should do it some other day.A. If were I B.