氰氨化鈣 Calcium Cyanamide.docx

Calcium cyanamideCalcium cyanamideIUPAC nameCalcium cyanamideOther namesCyanamide calcium salt, Lime Nitrogen, UN 1403, NitrolimeIdentifiersCAS number156-62-7YPubChem4685067ChemSpider10669887YUNIIZLR270912WYEC number205-861-8UN number1403RTECS numberGS6000000 Ca+2.N#CN InChI=1S/CH2N2.Ca/c2-1-3;/h2H2;/q;+2YKey: STRTXDFFNXSZQB-UHFFFAOYSA-NY InChI=1/CH2N2.Ca/c2-1-3;/h2H2;/q;+2Key: STRTXDFFNXSZQB-UHFFFAOYAAPropertiesMolecular formulaCaCN2Molar mass80.102 g/molAppearanceWhite solid (Often gray or black from impurities)OdorOdorlessDensity2.29 g/cm3Melting point1340 C 1Boiling point1150-1200 C (sublim.)Solubility in waterReactsHazardsMSDSICSC 1639EU Index615-017-00-4EU classificationHarmful (Xn)Irritant (Xi)R-phrasesR22 R37 R41S-phrases(S2) S22 S26 S36/37/39NFPA 704Flash pointNon-flammableRelated compoundsRelated compoundsCyanamideCalcium carbideYExcept where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25C, 100kPa)Calcium cyanamide or CaCN2 is a calcium compound used as fertilizer, first synthesized in 1898 by Adolph Frank and Nikodem Caro (Frank-Caro process). It is formed when calcium carbide reacts with nitrogen. It is commercially known as Nitrolim.CaC2 + N2 CaCN2 + CThe reaction takes place in large steel chambers. An electric carbon element heats the reactants to red heat. Nitrogen is pressurised at 2 atmospheres. It crystallizes in hexagonal crystal system with space group R3m and lattice constants a = 3.67, c = 14.85 (.101 nm).PreparationCalcium cyanamide is prepared from calcium carbide. The carbide powder is heated at about 1,000C in an electric furnace into which nitrogen is passed for several hours. The product is cooled to ambient temperatures and any unreacted carbide is leached out cautiously with water.CaC2 + N2 CaCN2 + C (H= 69.0 kcal/mol at 25C)UsesThe main use of calcium cyanamide is in agriculture as a fertilizer. In contact with water it decomposes and liberates ammonia:CaCN2 + 3 H2O 2 NH3 + CaCO3It was used to produce sodium cyanide by fusing with sodium carbonate, which was used in cyanide process in gold mining:CaCN2 + Na2CO3 2 NaCN + CaO + O2It can also be used in the preparation of calcium cyanide and melamine.Through hydrolysis, calcium cyanamide produces cyanamide.CaCN2 + H2O + CO2 CaCO3 + H2NCNThe conversion is conducted on slurries, consequently most commercial cyanamide is sold as an aqueous solution.Thiourea can be produced by the reaction of hydrogen sulfide with calcium cyanamide in the presence of carbon dioxide. Calcium cyanamide is also used as a wire-fed alloy in steelmaking, in order to introduce nitrogen into the steel.Calcium cyanamide156-62-7 Calcium cyanamide is used as a fertilizer, pesticide, and in the manufacture of other chemicals. It is irritating to the eyes, skin, and respiratory tract in humans. Acute (short-term) inhalation exposure may cause gastritis, rhinitis, pharyngitis, laryngitis, and tracheobronchitis. Acute oral exposure may cause a vasomotor reaction, resulting in intense flushing of the face, upper body, and arms. Tachycardia and hypotension have also been observed in humans following acute oral exposure. Chronic (long-term) occupational exposure has been reported to cause chronic rhinitis with perforation of the nasal septum in workers. EPA has not classified calcium cyanamide with respect to potential carcinogenicity. Please Note: The main sources of information for this fact sheet are the Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB), a database of summaries of peer-reviewed literature, and the Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances (RTECS), a database of toxic effects that are not peer reviewed. Uses Calcium cyanamide is used as a fertilizer, defoliant, herbicide, fungicide, and pesticide; in the manufacture and refining of iron; and in the manufacture of calcium cyanide, melamine, and dicyandiamide. Sources and Potential Exposure Occupational exposure to calcium cyanamide may occur during its manufacture and use. Assessing Personal Exposure No information was located regarding the measurement of personal exposure to calcium cyanamide.Health Hazard InformationAcute Effects: Calcium cyanamide is irritating to the eyes, skin, and respiratory tract in humans. Acute inhalation exposure may cause gastritis, rhinitis, pharyngitis, laryngitis, and tracheobronchitis. Acute oral exposure of humans may cause a vasomotor reaction, resulting in intense localized erythematous flushing of the face, upper body, and arms, with headache, dizziness, fatigue, vertigo, congestion of the mucosa, nausea, and vomiting also reported. Tachycardia and hypotension have also been observed in humans following acute oral exposure. Peripheral neuropathy was reported in one case of acute oral exposure in a human. Effects on liver enzymes have been reported in rats acutely exposed by ingestion. Acute animal tests in rats, mice, and rabbits have demonstrated calcium cyanamide to have moderate to high acute toxicity from oral exposure and high acute toxicity from dermal exposure. Chronic Effects (Noncancer): Chronic occupational exposure has been reported to cause chronic rhinitis with perforation of the nasal septum in workers. Chronic dermal exposure may result in slow-healing dermal ulceration in humans. EPA has not established a Reference Concentration (RfC) or a Reference Dose (RfD) for calcium cyanamide. Reproductive/Developmental Effects: No information is available on the reproductive or developmental effects of calcium cyanamide in humans or animals.Cancer Risk: No information is available on the carcinogenic effects of calcium cyanamide in humans. EPA has not classified calcium cyanamide with respect to potential carcinogenicity. A formulation of calcium cyanamide in the diet was not found to be carcinogenic in a two-year National Toxicology Program study in rats or mice. Physical Properties The chemical formula for calcium cyanamide is CCaN2, and its molecular weight is 80.11 g/mol. Commercial grades of calcium cyanamide occur as grayish-black lumps of powder. Pure calcium cyanamide occurs as glistening hexagonal crystals that are insoluble in water. The odor threshold for calcium cyanamide has not been established.Conversion Factors: To convert concentrations in air (at 25C) from ppm to mg/m3: mg/m3 = (ppm) (molecular weight of the compound)/(24.45). For calcium cyanamide: 1 ppm = 3.28 mg/m3. To convert concentrations in air from g/m3 to mg/m3: mg/m3 = (g/m3) (1 mg/1,000 g). Health Data from Inhalation ExposureACGIH TLV-American Conference of Governmental and Industrial Hygienists threshold limit value expressed as a time-weighted average; the concentration of a substance to which most workers can be exposed without adverse effects. NIOSH REL-National Institute of Occupational Safety and Healths recommended exposure limit; NIOSH-recommended exposure limit for an 8- or 10-h time-weighted-average exposure and/or ceiling. The health and regulatory values cited in this factsheet were obtained in December 1999.a Health numbers are toxicological numbers from animal testing or risk assessment values developed by EPA. b Regulatory numbers are values that have been incorporated in Government regulations, while advisory numbers are nonregulatory values provided by the Government or other groups as advice. NIOSH and ACGIH numbers are advisory. CALCIUM CYANAMIDEPRODUCT IDENTIFICATIONCAS NO.156-62-7EINECS NO.205-861-8FORMULACaNCNMOL WT.80.10H.S. CODE3102.70TOXICITYSYNONYMSLime Nitrogen; Cyanamide, Calcium Salt (1:1);Alzodef; Cyanamide, calcium; nitrolime; Cyanamid pam-amd; aero-cyanamid; nitrogen lime; Alzodex; Calciumcyanamid (Dutch);Cianamida clcica (Spanish);Cyanamide calcique (French); DERIVATIONCLASSIFICATIONPHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIESPHYSICAL STATEPure product is white but commercially dark gray powderMELTING POINT 1300 CBOILING POINT1150 C (sublimes) SPECIFIC GRAVITY 2.29SOLUBILITY IN WATERInsoluble (Decomposes)pHVAPOR DENSITYAUTOIGNITIONNFPA RATINGSREFRACTIVE INDEXFLASH POINTSTABILITYStable under ordinary conditionsGENERAL DESCRIPTION & APPLICATIONSCyanamide, the amide of normal cyanic acid, is a white crystals melting at 45 C; readily soluble in water, alcohol and ether. It is prepared commercially by carbide process from carbonate derived from limestoneor by the desulphurization of thiourea in the presence of catalyst (mercuric oxide). It is prepared also by the action of ammonia with cyanogen halides. It polymerizes to dicyandiamide when heated over 150 C and to tricyantriamide as well as to melamine. Its metal salt especially calcium cyanamide is an environmentally friendly multi-purpose fertilizer which reacts with water to release ammonia and calcium carbonate to supply nitrogen and lime to plants and soil. The commercial calcium cyanamide contains about 65% calcium cyanamide, which has nitrogen 20 - 24% w/w. It acts also as a defoliant, herbicide, soil insecticide, and weed killer. Its consumption as a fertilizer has been reduced. It is added to pig iron to impart nitrogen and to desulfurize steel. The reactivity of the nitrile functional group in calcium cyanamide makes it as a chief industrial raw material. It is used in the preparation of other products include dicyandiamide, urea, thiourea, and guanidine. It is used in the production of calcium cyanide. Cyanide plays an important role in extracting precious metals. Dicyandiamide is the dimer. It is an intermediate for melamine which us the basic ingredient of amino plastics and resins.It is used in the production of wide range of organic chemicals including slow and continuous nitrogen release fertilizers; fire proofing agent; epoxy laminates for circuit boards, powder coatings and adhesives; water treatment chemicals; dye fixing, leather and rubber chemicals; explosives; pharmaceuticals. Dicyandiamide is also called cyanoguanidine. Guanidine, also called carbamidine, is a strongly alkaline and water-soluble compound, NHC(NH2)2 It is formed by the oxidation of guanine in urine as a normal product of protein metabolism in the body. In industry, guanidine, containing nitrogens and N=C solid bond, and its modified derivatives are versatile intermediates used in the manufacture of plastics, resins, rubber chemicals, nitroguanidines (explosives), photo chemicals, fungicides, and disinfectant. It has also biotechnological application of protein separation, purification and as a protein denaturant. It can be used as an oxygen scavenger to prevent corrosion damage. Itis used as a component of rocket propellants because it produce a large amount of heat when burned. Members of cyanamide derivativeProductCAS RNGuanidine hydrochloride50-01-1Chlorohexidine55-56-1Biguanide56-03-13-Amino-1,2,4-trazole61-82-5Aminoguanidine79-17-4Tetramethyl guanidine80-70-6Benzoguanamine91-76-91-o-Tolylbiguanide93-69-6Cyanodithioimidocarbonic acid108-04-32-Aminopyrimidine109-12-6Dodecyl guanidine112-65-2Guanidine113-00-8Disodium cyanodithioimidocarbonate138-93-2Cyanamide420-04-2Dicyandiamide461-58-5Butylbiguanide692-13-7Guanidinium sulfate1184-68-52-Amino-4-methoxy-6methyl-1,3,5-trazine1668-54-8Pimagedine hydrochloride1937-19-5Phenylguanidine2002-16-6Guanylthiourea2114-02-5Cyprex2439-10-3O-Methylisourea2440-60-0Aminoguanidine bicarbonate2582-30-13-Amino-5-carboxy-1,2,4-triazole3641-13-2Chlorhexidine hydrochloride 3697-42-55-Amono-1H-tetrazole4418-61-51-o-Tolylbiguanide monohydrochloride4751-99-9N-Cyanoacetoimidate5652-84-6Dodecylguanidine hydrochloride13590-97-1Carbazamidine hydrochloride16139-18-73-Amino-5-mercapto-1,2,4-triazole16691-43-3Cyanoimidocarbonic acid dimethylester24771-25-32-Amino-4,6-dimethoxy-pyrimidine36315-01-2Guanidine sulfamate50979-18-5Bis(2-methylisouronium) sulfate52328-05-92-Methylisouronium acetate77164-02