八上Units1-10單元知識點小結(jié).doc

新版八年級上冊英語第一至五單元知識點小結(jié)Unit1 Where did you go on vacation?1. go on vacation 度假 vacation相當于holiday，但vacation表示長的假期。2. visit museums 參觀博物館 3. go to summer camp去參觀夏令營4. something interesting有趣的東西 5. in excitement 興奮地1）something，anything，nothing，everything是指物的不定代詞。somebody，someone，anybody，anyone，nobody，everybody，everyone是指人的不定代詞。somewhere，anywhere，nowhere，everywhere是指地點的不定代詞。2）當形容詞修飾不定代詞、不定副詞時，放于其后； something special; somewhere wonderful.3）不定代詞、不定副詞做主語時，謂語動詞用第三人稱單數(shù)。如： Is everybody here? 大家都到齊了嗎？ 4）something，somebody，someone，somewhere用于肯定句及表示請求或建議的疑問句中，而anything，anybody，anyone，anywhere用于否定句、疑問句及條件狀語從句中。如：Did you do anything interesting? 你做了有趣的事嗎？（表疑問）Why dont you visit someone with me? 你為什么不跟我一起去拜訪下某個人呢？（表建議） If anything happens, please tell me. 如果有事情發(fā)生，請告訴我。6. buy sth. for sb. 或 buy sb. sth 如： buy some books for me. = buy me some books.7. 提建議的句子： 8. ride bicycles 騎自行車What/ how about +doing sth.? 如：What/ How about going shopping? Why dont you + do sth.? 如：Why dont you go shopping? Why not + do sth. ? 如：Why not go shopping? Lets + do sth. 如： Lets go shopping Shall we/ I + do sth.? 如：Shall we/ I go shopping?9. long time no see 好久不見 10 . most of the time 大多數(shù)時間11. enjoyable activities 令人愉快的活動 12. try paragliding 嘗試滑翔傘運動13. 辨析： get to/reach/arrive 都是“到達“的意思get to+地點=reach+地點= arrive at+地點（?。?arrive in+地點（大）注意：若他們后面要加地點副詞here, there, home等，則不需要加介詞。14. nothing.but.意為“除.之外； 只有”，如：I have nothing to do but watch TV all day long. 我整天除了看電視什么也沒干。 15. feel like 意為：“感受到；摸起來”，后跟賓語從句或名詞。如：I felt like I was a bird. 我感覺我是一只鳥。 It feels like a stone. 它摸起來像一塊石頭。另外，構(gòu)成短語 feel like doing sth.意為“想做某事”。如：I feel like eating.我想吃東西。16. enjoy doing sth . 喜歡做;樂意做 enjoy oneself 過得愉快 =have fun/have a good time.17. the top of the hill 山頂 18. feed(fed) hens and pigs 喂雞和豬19. I wonder what life was like here in the past. 我想知道過去這里的生活是什么樣的 (n): 奇跡；令人驚訝的事情 如：No wonder! 難怪；不足為奇！ wonder (v) 驚訝 如：wonder at sth. ; wonder to do sth. 感到疑惑；想知道 如：I wonder where they are going.20. few與little 的區(qū)別： 肯定否定quite a few buildings許多 可數(shù)a fewfewnot a little hungryquite a few/not a few不可數(shù)a littlelittlequite a little/ not a little 如：There is little sugar in the bottle. Can you get some?21. Still no one seemed to be bored. 仍然沒有人感到煩悶。 1）seem意為“好像；似乎；看來”，是個連系動詞，構(gòu)成的短語有： seem to do sth. 好像做某事 如： They seem to wait for you. 他們似乎在等你。 seem（to be）+adj. 似乎. 如： He seemed ( to be) ill yesterday. 昨天他似乎病了。 It seems that + 從句 似乎. 如： It seems that he was ill yesterday. 昨天他似乎病了。其他表示狀態(tài)的系動詞有：feel(覺得）; keep（保持）;stay（保持）;look（看來像.）;smell（聞起來）sound（聽起來）taste（嘗起來） 2） bored (adj)，意為“感到厭倦的、無聊的”,其主語是某人； boring(adj)，意為“令人厭倦的、無聊的”其主語是某物。 如：I got bored with the boring work. 我對這無聊的工作感到厭倦。相類似的詞語還有： interested/ tired/ excited/ amazed/surprised surprised/ tiring/ exciting/ amazing/surprising22. decide（v）決定 decide to (not) do sth. = make a decision (not) to do sth. decision(n) decide on doing sth. 決定做某事如：Li Lei has decided to go to Beijing . 李雷已經(jīng)決定去北京。23. Because of the bad weather, we couldnt see anything below. 1） because of + 名詞/代詞/名短 I had to move because of my job. 因為工作的原因 because +從句 如：I do it because I like it. 我做這件事是因為我喜歡。 2）below意為“在.下面;低于”，其反義詞為 above，意為“在.上面；高于”24. 形容詞/副詞enough 如：wet/quietly enough足夠漂亮 enough enough 名詞如：enough umbrellas 足夠的雨傘 足夠 (形/副)enough+ (名) to do sth. 足夠去做如：I have enough money to go to Beijing. 我有足夠的錢去北京。 She is not old enough to go to school. 她年齡不夠，不能去上學。 同義句： She is too young to go to school. (too to :太 而不能) She is so young that she cant go to school. 如此以致于（結(jié)果）25. so+形/副+that 從句：She is so popular that everyone likes her. such such+名短+ that 從句：She is such a popular girl that. so that 從句：結(jié)果（為了） 如：He gets up early so that he can catch the early bus.26. 反身代詞：myself/yourself/itself/herself/himself/ourselves/yourselves/themselves 如：The child (herself) usually wears the clothes (herself).27What a difference a day makes! 一天的差異多大?。ake a difference in：對有影響感嘆句的結(jié)構(gòu) 1.What a/an + adj.+ n(單)+主+謂！或 What + adj. +n（復不）+主+謂！ 2. How+ adj. +主+謂（聯(lián)系動詞）！或 How + adv+主+謂（實義動詞）！28. I just stayed at homemost of the time to read and relax.Unit2 How often do you exercise?1. exercise （v/n）的用法 1）（動）:鍛煉. 如： He exercises every day.2) (可數(shù)名詞)：“.操;練習”. 如：do morning/ eye exercises; do math exercises (不可數(shù)名詞):“鍛煉;運動”講：如： We often do / take exercise on weekends.2. -How often do you usually go shopping? Sometimes/Twice a week. 有時候/一周兩次.1) go shopping 意為“去購物”。Go+ v- ing : 表示進行某項活動。如：Go swimming/ shopping/skating/skiing/fishing/climbing/hiking 2)頻率副詞：always=all the time, usually, often, sometimes=at times , hardly ever, never (1).sometimes: 有時候；sometime：某時；some times：許多次/倍; some time: 一段時間hard (2). hardly(adv): 幾乎不 硬的；困難的；嚴厲的；勤奮的 a hard writer 努力地； 猛烈地 study/rain hard 3）how often表示“多久一次”，是對動作的頻率進行提問。其回答通常有： 頻率副詞： always, usually, often, sometimes, hardly ever, neverhow often 次數(shù)時間段: 如：once or twice a week every 時間段: every day (每天) 區(qū)別：everyday（每天的；日常的）注意：表示“一次或兩次”時，一般用once和twice表示。如：once a month(一個月一次)而表示“三次或以上”時，則用“數(shù)詞times”結(jié)構(gòu)。如：five times a year (一年五次)4）由how構(gòu)成的疑問詞組的用法“多少”（1） howmany+ 可數(shù)名詞復數(shù) 如：how many programshowmuch+不可數(shù)名詞。 如：how much coffee 但how much=whats the price of.? 還有“多少錢”的意思 如：Howmucharethosepants?(2)how many times: “多少次”. 其答語表示次數(shù)。如：once ,twice，three times等(3) How old.? 詢問年齡 如：How old are you? I am five.“how long?”(4) 多久(時間) 常用 for two days，for three hours等回答。 多長（某物的長度） 如：-How long is the river? - 10 kms. (5)how soon 用來詢問過多久，多久以后，其答語是in two hours，in three days等。 如：How soon wil he come back？ In an hour。3. “空閑的”：Are you free tonight? 4. at least 至少 at most 最多be free “自由的”： a free country freedom(n) 5. stay up 熬夜 full “免費的”： work for free. 6. junk food 垃圾食品5. “滿的；飽的” be full of : The bottle is full of water. 瓶子里裝滿了水。 “忙的”=busy He had a full life 6She says its good for my health. 她說那對我的健康有益。（1）be good for：“對有好處”。 如：Doing exercise is good for our health.（2）be good at：“擅長于” 如：He is good at playing football.(3) be good to sb./sth: “對好” 如：The old woman is good to us. (4) be good to do sth.: “適合；宜于” 如：The water is good to drink. (5) be good with: “與相處好” 如： The teacher is good with his students.7go online = use the Internet ：上網(wǎng) 8. Teenager magazine 青少年雜志9. more than two hours=over two hours:超過 10. go to the dentist: 去看牙醫(yī)11. keep healthy = stay healthy = keep in good health: 保持健康12. ask sb. to do : 叫做某事 Teacher asked me to clean the classroom. ask sb. not to do sth.: 叫不要做某事 Teacher asked me not to clean the classroom. ask sb. about sth. : 問某人某事 We asked our students about their free time activities. ask sb. for sth. : 向某人要求 如：ask teacher for help 13. help sb. with sth. 如：They help me with this problem. 他們幫助你解決這個問題。 help sb.（to）do. 如：They help you (to) solve this problem. 他們幫助你解決這個問題。14. (n) 驚訝: to ones surprise 令某人驚訝的是 in surprise 驚訝地 surprise be surprised at sth. 對 感到意外 (v) 使驚奇、意外： be surprised to do sth. 驚訝做某事 be surprised that + 從句 如：I was surprised at the news = I was surprised to hear the news.15. fifteen percent of the students 百分之十五的學生 16. swing dance 搖擺舞17. although(conj):“盡管；雖然”，表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，同義詞有though, 不能與but同時使用。如： Although theyre neighbors, they dont play together. = Theyre neighbors, but they dont play together. 盡管他們是鄰居，但是他們不在一起玩。18. maybe (adv): 也許，大概 (Maybe) he (maybe) knows it. May + v(原)：也許，大概 He may know it.如：Maybe he is at home.= He maybe is at home.= He may be at home. 19. Its good to relax by using the Internet or watching game shows. by: He learns English by singing English songs. 通過 方式 He went home by bus.= He went home on the bus= He took the bus home. through 通過 方式+ 名詞： The best way to relax is through exercise （從里面）穿過： Climb through the window. 注意： 橫過（從一邊到另一邊） walk across the street.例如20. such as =like + 名短： 如： such as winning the game. for example + 句子： 如：Its healthy for the mind and the body.21. Old habits die hard. 惡習難改. die(v):死亡；消失 death(n): 死亡；dead(adj): 死的； dying(adj): 垂死的；臨終的；（植）枯萎的 dying wish-遺言22. Here are the results. 以下是結(jié)果。23. Most students use it for fun and not for homework.24. You can spend time with your friends and family as you play together.spend 度過（時間） 如：spend the weekend with family 花費（時間、錢） 如：He spent 20 yuan (in) buying the magazine. 同義句：He spent 20 yuan on the magazine. He paid 20 yuan for the magazine. It took him 20 yuan to buy the magazine. The magazine cost him 20 yuan. Unit3 Im more outgoing than my sister1. 事實上；實際上 in fact 2. 唱歌比賽 the singing competition3. 頭發(fā)更短的那個 the one with shorter hair 4. 真正關(guān)心我 truly care about me5. 只要；既然 as long as (像一樣長) 6. 一就 as soon as ( 盡快)7. 分享一切 share everything 8. 與不同 /有差異 be different from9.與一致/相同 be the same as 10. 與 相似的/類似的 be similar to11.摔斷胳膊 break the arm 12. 小學 primary school13.打電話詢問更多信息 call for more information 14. 取得更好的成績 get better grades15. 形容詞和副詞的比較級一、含義1. 大多數(shù)形容詞和副詞有三個等級： 原級、比較級、最高級: good better - best2. 比較級：表示兩者(人或物)之間的比較。3. 加more/most 的情況：.部分雙音節(jié)和多音節(jié)詞；.-ed/ing結(jié)尾的詞；adj+lyadv.4. 雙寫的詞：一個大熱天，一個胖子和一個瘦子穿著紅衣服，汗?jié)窳?，很傷心?big hot fat thin red wet sad二比較級基本句型： 連系動詞+ adj.（比） 如： Lucy is slower than Lily.1主語+謂語動詞+adj./adv（比）+ than+ 對比成分實義動詞+ adv./ （比） 如：Lucy runs more slowly than Lily.2. 主語必須與對比成分保持一致：Her hair is longer than yours.(your hair) 同級比較 3 as+adj./adv.(原級)+as : “如同一樣” 否定： not as/so+adj./adv.(原級)+as : “不如一樣” 4比較級and比較級：越來越 e.g. They talked more and more loudly. 5. The比較級,the比較級：越就越 The more exercise you do, the stronger youll be. 6. “Which / Who is + 比較級， A or B？” e.g. Which T-shirt is nicer, this one or that one? 7. the+比較級+of the（ two ） : 兩者中較的一個 Of the twins, she was the more hard-working . 8. 常用the one代單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,the ones /those 代替復數(shù)名詞,that 代替不可數(shù)名詞. e.g. The book here is newer than the one on the desk The apples on the tree are fresher than those/the ones in the box. The weather in Wuhan is hotter than that in Beijing.9. 比較級前可用“數(shù)詞+名詞” 表示確定的度量。 e.g. I am (5 years) older than himThe room is (3 times) as large as that one. 注意： 1. 原級常與very, as，so, too, quite，pretty, really等連用。 2. 比較級常與much, even, far, than, a little, a bit, a lot 等連用. 3. Than 后的比較狀語結(jié)構(gòu): e.g. He runs faster than me/ I (do).16. You can tell that Lisa really wanted to win, though. 然而，你能看得出麗莎真的想贏。 講述： tell a story/lie/joke. 1). tell 告訴 ： tell sb. sth.(不能為it/them)= tell sth. to sb. ; tell sb. (not) to do sth. 辨別；識別：Can you tell the differences between the twins? 2).though意為“然而；但是”，表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系， 常放于句尾，用逗號隔開，而however可位于句首、句中或句末，常用逗號隔開。 However，You can tell that Lisa really wanted to win17. I think friends are like books- you dont need a lot of them as long as theyre good. 我認為朋友就像書-你不需要很多，只要好 就行。 look like : 看起來像（外貌） She is pretty tall. be like: 像（性格，外貌） He is outgoing/ serious.18. My best friend helps to brings out the best in me. 我最好的朋友幫我激發(fā)出我最好的品質(zhì). 使顯現(xiàn)；使表現(xiàn)出： The dress brings out the color of her skin. bring out 生產(chǎn)；出版： The factory brings out a new kind of car. bring out the best/worst in sb. 激發(fā)出某人最好/最差的品質(zhì). 19. I know she cares about me because shes always there to listen (to me). 我知道她關(guān)心我，因為她隨時都能夠聽我傾訴。 (n) 小心；謹慎 Take care! 當心/保重 Cross the road with care. 1). care 介意；在乎（=mind） I dont care what happens. (v) care about: 關(guān)心；在意 如：He doesnt care about anything people say.care for 關(guān)心；照顧 = take care of或look after 喜歡；想要（否或疑） 如：Would you care for a cup of coffee? be there 2). for sb. 隨叫隨到；不離左右 如：Parents are always there for children. to do sth. 隨時準備幫助 如：She is there to work out the problem. 20. I dont really care if my friends are the same as me or different. if: 是否； 如果我真的不介意是否我的朋友與我一樣還是不同。21They both like sports. 他們倆都喜歡運動。（both：兩個都；用在實動之前，其它動詞之后） You are both too young. They both speak English.Both of .+名詞復數(shù) 如： Both of the flowers are beautiful. 兩朵花都很漂亮。 bothand兩者都 反義詞組：neithernor兩者都不注意：all：都（三者或三者以上）; either:兩者中任一個；every：每個（三者或三者以上） 22. A true friend reaches for your hand and touches your heart. 一個真正的朋友（在你需要幫助的時候）向你伸出手，觸動你的心弦。 到達： reach /arrive at /get to the school reach 伸手去拿： reach ( out ones hand) for sth. 與取得聯(lián)系：How can I reach you? 延伸：The forest reaches as far as the river. 森林延伸到河邊。 (v) 接觸；觸摸：Dont touch the paint! 請勿觸油漆!touch 觸動；感動 I was touched/moved by his words. 我被他的話打動了。 (n)接觸；聯(lián)系: keep in /losetouch with sb. 與.保持失去聯(lián)系get in touch with sb. 與.取得聯(lián)系23. She made me laugh and feel better. ( laugh at sb. 笑話；取笑某人) make/let /have sb. do sth.= get sb. to do sth. 使某人做某事 make+賓語+形容詞: 使某人/某事怎樣 如： His words make us happy. 2). 24. Its not easy for me to make friends. (make friends with sb. 與.交朋友) Its+adj.+ for sb.+ to do sth.: 某人做某事怎么樣. (It是形式主語，to do sth.是真正主語) 25. The most important thing is to learn something new and have fun. 最重要的事情是學習新的東西和過的開心。26. Thats why I like reading books and I study harder in class. 那是我喜歡讀書和在班上更努力學習的原因。 Unit 4 Whats the best movie theater?1.the best movie theater 最好的電影院 2.the biggest screens 最大的熒屏3. the best sound 最好的音響 4. all kinds of 各種各樣的5.the shortest waiting time 最短的等待時間 6. three meals a day 一日三餐7.the most comfortable seats 最舒服的座位 take a seat 就坐8.buy clothes the most cheaply買衣服最便宜 9. the worst service最差的服務(wù)10. buy tickets the most quickly 買票最快 11. know the way around 熟悉周圍的路12. choose songs the most carefully選擇歌曲最仔細 13. the street performers 街頭表演者 14. the most exciting magicians最令人興奮的魔術(shù)師 15. takeseriously認真對待16. the most creative talent show最有創(chuàng)意的才藝表演 17.and so on 等等18. sing the most beautifully 唱得最動聽 19. pretty loud 相當響亮20Welcome to the neighborhood! 歡迎來到社區(qū)！ welcome to sp. 歡迎到 形容詞和副詞的最高級一、含義1. 大多數(shù)形容詞和副詞有三個等級： 原級、比較級、最高級: badly worse - worst2. 最高級：表示三者或三者以上(人或物)之間的比較。二最高級基本句型結(jié)構(gòu) 系動詞+ the+adj.(最) of + 同類 ( of all/us.) 1. 主語 + 謂語動詞 + the + adj./adv.(最) + 實義動詞+ (the)+ adv.(最） in + 范圍 (in China.)如：Tara is the youngest of all. Linda draws (the) most carefully in her class. 注：1. 副詞的最高級前可省略 “the”： 如：sit (the) most comfortably 坐得最舒適 2. 最高級前有其它的限定詞時，不加“the”： my best friend 2. Which / Who +the + 最高級, A, B or C ? e.g. Which do you like (the) best, apples, pears or oranges? 3. one of +the +最高級（形）+名（復）： “最之一”。 e.g. Jack Chen is one of the most famous actors in the world. 4. the + 序數(shù)詞+最高級（形）+名（單）：e.g. Hainan is the second largest island in China. 5. This is the +最高級（形）+名（單）+ that 從句：e.g. This is the worst movie that I have ever seen. 這是我曾經(jīng)看過的最糟糕的電影。 6. a+最高級（形）+名（單） : 表示“非?！?。 e.g. Spring is a best season. 三原級、比較級、最高級的相互轉(zhuǎn)換 1、原級與比較級的轉(zhuǎn)換：比較級+than not.as/so.as.e.g. He speaks more loudly than me. I dont speak as/so loudly as he/him. 2、比較級與最高級的轉(zhuǎn)換： the other +名（復） （在范圍之內(nèi)） the+最高級 比較級+than+ any other+名（單） e.g. Jim is the tallest student in our class.Jim is taller than any other student in our class.Jim is taller than the other students in our class.Jim is taller than anyone else in our class. 但：Jim is taller than any student/ the students in your class.21. Thats up to you to decide. 那由你決定。 be up to sb.( to decide.) 由某人決定 be up to (doing) sth. 勝任；適合 如：He isnt up to watching the flowers. Whatup?= What wrong?= Whats the matter? 怎么哪？ whats more: 另外；還有 whats worse: 更糟糕的是22How do you like the neighbor hood so far? so far: 迄今為止；到現(xiàn)在為止 同義句：1. How is the neighborhood? 2. What do you think of the neighborhood? 3. How do you feel about the neighborhood?23. Thanks for telling me. thanks(n):感謝 如：many thanks = Thank you very much. thanks for (doing) sth. = thank sb. for (doing) sth. 感謝某人做某事24No problem. 1). 不客氣；（回答感謝） 2）、沒關(guān)系（回答道歉）3). 沒問題（回答請求）25-How far is it from your home to