口譯速記符號(hào)總結(jié).doc

口譯速記符號(hào)總結(jié)1. Note-taking symbols and abbreviations for your reference:Abbreviations in Note takingUse only the abbreviations that fit your needs and that you will remember easily. A good idea is to introduce only a few abbreviations into your note taking at a time.Symbols helpful in math - these are commonly used in texts and references.S = sumf = frequencyLeave out periods in standard abbreviations.cf = comparee.g. = exampledept = departmentUse only the first syllable of a word.pol = politicsdem = democracylib = liberalcap = capitalismUse entire first syllable and only 1st letter of 2nd syllable.pres = presentationsubj = subjectind = individualcons = conservativeEliminate final letters. Use just enough of the word to form a recognizable abbreviation.assoc = associatebiol = biologyinfo = informationach = achievementchem = chemistrymax = maximumintro= introductionconc = concentrationmin = minimumrep = repetitionOmit vowels, retain only enough consonants to give a recognizable skeleton of the word.ppd = preparedprblm = problemestmt = estimatebkgd = backgroundgvt = governmentUse an apostrophe in place of letters.amt = amountcontd = continuedgovt = governmenteducatl = educationalForm the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding s.chpts = chaptersegs = examplesfs = frequenciesintros = introductionsUse g to represent ing endings.ckg = checkingestg = establishingdecrg = decreasingexptg = experimentingSpell out short words such as in, at, to, but, for, and key.Abbreviations or symbols for short words will make the notes too dense with shorthand.Leave out unimportant words.Leave out the words a and the.If a term, phrase, or name is written out in full during the lecture, substitute initials whenever the term, phrase, or name is used again. For example, Center for Aerospace Sciences becomes CAS thereafter.Use symbols for commonly recurring connective or transitional words.& = andw/ = withw/o = withoutvs = against = therefore= = is or equalUse technical symbols where applicable.zb = German, for exampleibid = Latin, the same worko = degreesH2O = waterMore reference:Use standard maths, accounting, and science symbols. Examples:+ plus/ parallelUse standard abbreviations and leave out full stops. Examples:eg exampleIT dept Information Technology departmentUK United KingdomUse only the first syllable of a word. Examples:mar marketingcus customercli clientUse the entire first syllable and the first letter of the second syllable. Examples:subj subjectbudg budgetind individualTo distinguish among various forms of the same word, use the first syllable of the word, an apostrophe, and the ending of the word. Examples:techgy technologygenion generalisationdely deliveryUse just enough of the beginning of a word to form a recognisable abbreviation. Examples:assoc associatedach achievementinfo informationOmit vowels from the middle of words, retaining only enough consonants to provide a recognisable skeleton of the word. Examples:bkgd backgroundmvmt movementprblm problemForm the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding s. Examples:custs customersfs frequencies/s ratiosUse g to represent ing endings. Examples:decrg decreasingckg checkingestblg establishingSpell out, rather than abbreviate short words. Examples:inbutaskeyLeave out unimportant verbs. Examples:iswaswereLeave out unnecessary articles. Examples:aantheIf a term, phrase, or name is initially written out in full during the talk or meeting, initials can be substituted whenever the term, phrase, or name is used again. Example:January Advertising Campaign Budget JACBUse symbols for common connective or transition words. Examples: at2 to4 for& andw/ withw/o withoutvs againstCreate your own set of abbreviations and symbols. You may wish to develop separate sets of symbols and abbreviations for different courses or subjects.Other Symbols and Abbreviationsas a result of / consequences of resulting in -and / also +equal to / same as =following ffmost importantly *less than especially esp/一、 縮略詞英語(yǔ)當(dāng)中縮略詞使用的頻率很高，如IMP: important, ASAP: as soon as possible。很顯然如果能熟練掌握縮略詞，會(huì)對(duì)考試大有裨益?？s略詞的寫(xiě)法一般為四種方式：F拿掉所有元音MKT: marketMGR: managerMSG: messageSTD: standardRCV: receiveF保留前幾個(gè)字母INFO informationINS insuranceEXCH exchangeI owe you IOUIn stead of I/OF保留開(kāi)頭和結(jié)尾個(gè)發(fā)音字母WK weekRM roomPL peopleF根據(jù)發(fā)音R areTHO thoughTHRU through高級(jí)口譯聽(tīng)力常用英語(yǔ)縮略詞表縮略詞 原詞APT ApartmentACC AccountantACDG AccordingACPT AcceptAD AdvertisementADS AddressADV AdviceAMAP As much/many as possibleAMT AmountAPV ApproveASAP As soon as possibleBAL BalanceBLDG BuildingCERT CertificateCFM ConformCNCL CancelCNF ConferenceCMI CommissionCMP CompleteCMPE Compete/competitiveCMU CommunicationCONC Concern/concerning/concernedCOND ConditionCO. CompanyDEPT DepartmentDISC DiscountDPT DepartureEXCH ExchangeEXPLN ExplainEXT ExtentFLT FlightFNT FinalFRT FreightFYR For your referenceGD GoodGUAR GuaranteeH.O. Home officeINFO InformationIMPS ImpossibleIMP(T) ImportantINCD IncludeINDIV IndividualINS InsuranceINTST InterestedI/O In stead ofIOU I owe youIVO In view ofMANUF ManufactureMDL ModelMEMO MemorandumMGR MangerMIN MinimumMKT MarketMSG MessageNCRY NecessaryNLT No later thanOBS ObserveOBT ObtainORD OrdinaryPAT PatentPC PiecePKG PackingPL PeoplePLS PleasePOSN PositionPOSS(BL) PossiblePROD ProductQLTY QualityQUTY QuantityRCV ReceiveREF ReferenceREGL RegularREP RepresentativeRESN ReservationRPT RepeatRESPON ResponsibleSEC SectionSITN SituationSTD StandardTEL TelephoneTEMP TemporaryTGM TelegraphTHO ThoughTKS ThanksTRD TradeTRF TrafficTTL TotalU YouUR YourWK WeekWL WillWT WeightXL Extra large 二、 字母、圖像Z 表示人people/person，因?yàn)閆看上去像個(gè)人頭，它通常被寫(xiě)在一個(gè)詞或符號(hào)的右上角。例如：日本人：JZ。C 表示政府，統(tǒng)治：government，govern 希臘字母C讀/ga:ma/,近似government, 所以就用C來(lái)表示govern, government。governmental official 可以表示為 CZP 表示政治：politics, political希臘字母P讀/pai/,近似politics, political。那么politician就可以表示為 PZE 表示總數(shù)：total, totally, entire, entirely, on the whole, all in all, to sum up, ect.E 數(shù)學(xué)符號(hào)表示總值。G 表示效率：efficient, effective。G為效率符號(hào)。Q 表示通貨膨脹：inflation因?yàn)檫@個(gè)符號(hào)酷似一個(gè)上升的氣球。A 表示農(nóng)業(yè): agriculture. agriculture經(jīng)常用到，所以用首字母代替。B 表示商業(yè)：business。C 表示沖突，矛盾：conflict， confrontation C中的表示反對(duì)，字母C將反對(duì)的概念縮小為conflict 和 confrontation。W 表示工作，職業(yè): work, employ 等。它是work的第一個(gè)字母。所以WZ就可以用來(lái)表示worker, 而W(Z在字母上方表示employer, 在字母下方表示employee)。i 表示工業(yè): industry, industrial 字母i 像只煙囪，所以用來(lái)可以用來(lái)表示工業(yè)。U U 看酷似一個(gè)酒杯，在筆記中表示合同、協(xié)議（treaty, agreement）一般只有在談判成功、協(xié)議成交后才會(huì)表示舉杯祝賀。如果在U內(nèi)填入2，就可以表示為bilateral（雙邊的）, 填入3表示為trilateral(三邊的)。填入在U中填入1表示: Unilateralism（單邊主義），填入m (multiple) 表示多邊主義。如果在U上加一個(gè)/表示談判破裂。O 表示國(guó)家、民族、領(lǐng)土等：country, state, nation, etc.gO表示進(jìn)口，Og表示出口這個(gè)符號(hào)酷似一把椅子，可以表示主持、主辦：chair, host, preside over。那么在此符號(hào)上加Z表示主席，主持人：chairman, host, etc.T 表示領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人：leader, head那么head of government, head of company 便可以表示為 CT 圓圈表示一個(gè)圓桌，中間一點(diǎn)表示一盆花，這個(gè)符號(hào)就可以表示會(huì)議、開(kāi)會(huì)等：meeting，conference， negotiation，seminar，discussion，symposiumk 這個(gè)符號(hào)看上像條魚(yú)，所以表示捕魚(yú)業(yè)等合fishery 有關(guān)的詞匯。O 圓圈代表地球，橫線(xiàn)表示赤道，所以這個(gè)符號(hào)就可以表示國(guó)際的、世界的、全球的等: international, worldwide, global, universal, etc.J 表示開(kāi)心：pleasant, joyful，happy，excited, etc.L 表示不滿(mǎn)、生氣unsatisfied, discomfort, angry, sad, etc.EO 表示聽(tīng)到、總所周之：as we all know, as is known to all, as you have already heard of, etc.O 表示漠不關(guān)心、無(wú)動(dòng)于衷：indifferent, apathetic, unconcern, dont care much, etc.三、 箭頭g 表示到達(dá)、傳達(dá)：go into，arrive at，give to，send to，present to etc.表示導(dǎo)致、引導(dǎo)：lead to, result in, in the direction of, etc.表示屈服：submit tof 表示來(lái)自于：be/come from，return，receive from, etc.表示追溯到：come/go back to，originateh 表示上升：up/upward/rise，increase，arise，ascend, etc.表示發(fā)射、投放市場(chǎng)、發(fā)行：launch，open, start, etc.表示發(fā)展、加強(qiáng)、推進(jìn)：develop，strengthen， promote, etc表示波折：ups and downs, twists and turns, etc.四、 數(shù)學(xué)符號(hào)+ 表示多: many, lots of, a great deal of, a good many of, etc.+(+2) 表示多的比較級(jí)：more+3 表示多的最高級(jí)：most 表示少: little, few, lack ,in short of/ be in shortage of etc. 表示錯(cuò)誤、失誤和壞的概念：wrong/incorrect，something bad，notorious，negative, etc. 表示多于概念：bigger/larger/greater/more than/better than, etc.表示高 概念：superior to，surpass, etc. 表示少于概念：less/smaller，etc.表示低概念：inferior to，etc.= 表示同等概念：means，that is to say， in other words，the same as，be equal to, etc.表示對(duì)手概念：a match, rival, competitor, counterpart, etc.( ) 表示在.之間：among, within, etc. 表示不同概念：be different from, etc.表示無(wú)敵概念：matchless, peerless, etc. 表示大約概念：about/around，or so， approximately,