浙江省高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí) 科普知識閱讀理解（4）.doc

科普知識閱讀理解（4）科普知識（閱讀理解）由 (2012陜西,c)改編eating too much fatty food,exercising too little and smoking can raise your future risk of heart disease.but there is another factor that can cause your heart problems more immediately: the air you breathe.previous studies have linked high exposure (暴露) to environmental pollution to an increased risk of heart problems,but two analyses now show that poor air quality can lead to heart attack or stroke (中風(fēng)) within as little as a few hours after exposure.in one review of the research,scientists found that people exposed to high levels of pollutants (污染物) were up to 5% more likely to suffer a heart attack within days of exposure than those with lower exposure.a separate study of stroke patients showed that even air that the u.s.environmental protection agency (epa) considers to be of “moderate” (良好) quality and relatively safe for our health can raise the risk of stroke as much as 34% within 12 to 14 hours of exposure.the authors of both studies stress that these risks are relatively small for healthy people and certainly modest compared with other risk factors such as smoking and high blood pressure.however,it is important to be aware of these dangers because everyone is exposed to air pollution regardless of lifestyle choices.so stricter regulation by the epa of pollutants may not only improve environmental air quality but could also become necessary to protect public health.1.the text mainly discusses the relationship between .a.heart problems and air qualityb.heart problems and exercisingc.heart problems and smokingd.heart problems and fatty food2.the underlined word “modest” in paragraph 3 most probably means .a.relatively highb.extremely lowc.relatively lowd.extremely high3.what can we learn from the text?()a.eating fatty food has immediate effects on your heart.b.the epa conducted many studies on air quality.c.moderate air quality is more harmful than smoking.d.stricter regulations on pollutants should be made.4.the authors purpose of writing the text is most likely to .a.informb.persuadec.described.entertain語篇解讀:本文為說明文,題材為科普知識類,從文章中讀者可以得知空氣污染也是導(dǎo)致心臟出問題的一個重要因素。答案及剖析:1.a主旨大意題。文章第一段的第二句話就已將本文主旨告知:“. there is another factor that can cause your heart problems more immediately:the air you breathe.”故選擇a項。2.c猜測詞義題。文章第三段第一句和第二句主要內(nèi)容是:雖然空氣污染這個因素對于健康人士來說危害相對小,并且相對于其他因素來說空氣污染的危害比較低,但是我們不能忽視它。根據(jù)上下文句意選擇c項。3.d推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段的最后一句“so stricter regulation.may not only improve environmental air quality but could also become necessary to protect public health.”可知應(yīng)選擇d項。4.a主旨大意題。根據(jù)全文可以發(fā)現(xiàn),作者希望通過本文告知讀者空氣污染對心臟有危害,希望大家在關(guān)注這一情況的同時注意環(huán)境的保護,故選擇a項inform告知,通知。b勸說;c描述;d娛樂?！鹃L難句子分析】in one review ofthe research,狀語scientists主語 found謂語that people (exposed to high levels ofpollutants)定語were up賓語從句to 5% more likely to suffer a heart attack (within days of賓語從句 exposure)狀語than those (with lower exposure.)定語賓語從句 在關(guān)于這項調(diào)查的一個述評中,科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn),經(jīng)過幾天之后,接觸污染物多的人要比接觸污染物少的人患心臟病的幾率高5%。在讀此句時,有可能因為定語和狀語而無法理解句意,因此可將句中的定語和狀語畫出,留下主要成分:in one review of the research,scientists found that people exposed to high levels of pollutants(污染物) were up to 5% more likely to suffer a heart attack within days of exposure than those with lower exposure.閱讀理解。閱讀下列短文, 從給的四個選項 (a、b、c和d) 中, 選出最佳選項。【2014山東省泰安市高三第一輪復(fù)習(xí)質(zhì)量檢測】the world bank estimates there are about 650 million mobile phone users in african countries south of the sahara desert.that is greater than the number of users in the united states and european union.samia melhem works for the world bank to increase information technologies in africa.she says mobile phones are the fastest growing technology on the continent.“faster than tv，and definitely faster than electricity.more people have access to mobile phones and therefore communication.more people have internet access today in africa than they have access to water，clean water，or even sanitation (衛(wèi)生設(shè)備)so we can say that this has been the most significant revolution in terms of changing the african landscape and how people live their daily life.”cnn television recently named seven ways of life that have been revolutionized because of mobile phones.they include political activism，education，entertainment，disaster management，agriculture and health.another area is banking.reports say half or more of the adults in gabon，kenya and sudan use mobile money.rene mendy sells goods in the streets of dakar，senegal.but he never had enough money to open a bank account.now he uses a mobile phone banking service called orange money.with his telephone，he can add or take out as little as one dollar.he can make payments and send money to family members who live far away.orange money says it serves four million customers in ten countries.the world banks samia melhem notes that the french company is facing competition from other mobile banking services.“the mobile banking is a huge trend.and people in the west dont understand it，because most people have bank accounts and credit cards.itmobile bankingis the instant possession of cash at a much lower cost.the cost is the cost of sending a message，which is almost nothing compared to what traditional transfer agents，like western union，would charge 10 dollars or more for a particular money transfer.”1which country or area has the most mobile phone users according to the text?athe usa.beuropean union.cafrican countries.dfrance.2the most significant revolution refers to_.aseven ways of life revolutionized because of mobile phonesbmore people having access to clean watercmobile phones being the fastest growing technology in africadthe fast development of electricity in africa3using orange money，people can_.aadd or take out as little as 10 dollarsbpay for what they want to buyconly send money to family membersddeal with any financial problems4most people in the west dont use mobile banking because_.athey have bank accounts and credit cardsbthey all have much moneycmobile banking costs few dollarsdmobile banking is hard to understand5the text is mainly about_.ahow people live their life in africabmobile phones have changed lives in africacmobile phones are the fastest growing technologydthe mobile banking is a huge trend語篇解讀本文主要講述了手機改變了非洲人的生活。1解析：考查推理判斷。根據(jù)文章第一段的內(nèi)容可知，非洲國家使用手機的數(shù)量超過美國和歐盟，由此可知c項正確。答案：c2解析：考查推理判斷。根據(jù)文章第二段的第二句“she says mobile phones are the fastest growing technology on the continent.”以及第三段的內(nèi)容可知，手機成為非洲大陸上發(fā)展最迅速的科技是(改變非洲前景)最重要的變革，故選c。答案：c3解析：考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第六段的第二、三兩句“with his telephone，he can add or take out as little as one dollar.he can make payments and send money to family members who live far away.”可知，使用orange money人們可以支付他們想買的東西，故b項正確。答案：b4解析：考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)最后一段的第二句“and people in the west dont understand it，because most people have bank accounts and credit cards.”可知，大多數(shù)西方人不用手機銀行的原因是他們有銀行賬戶和信用卡，故a項正確。答案：a5解析：考查主旨大意。通讀全文可知，本文主要講述了手機改變了非洲人的生活，故b項正確。答案：b。閱讀理解。閱讀下列短文, 從給的四個選項 (a、b、c和d) 中, 選出最佳選項?！?014皖南八校聯(lián)考】international book clubhave you ever thought of joining a book club and buying new books through the post？here at the international book club，we already have many members buying books from us by mail.immediate benefits：as a special offer，you may choose any reducedprice books from our new members book list，to the value of $6 in total (plus postage and packing)by doing this，you will save pounds on the publishers prices.tick the box on your form to order a free watch.if you reply within seven days，we will send you another free gift carefully chosen from our book list by our stafforder a dvd from the many on offer in our list，at half the recommended retail price.when youve joined：as a member，youll enjoy savings of between 30% and 50% off the publishers price on every book you buy，and whats more，theyll come straight to your door.your free club magazine arrives once a month，to keep you up to date with the latest bestsellers.this means that every year we offer over 1,000 books to choose from.on the internet，you can find all our titles for the year on our exclusive members website.being a member：all we are asking you to do while you are a member is to choose four books during your first year.after that，you can decide on the number of books you wish to take.in each of our monthly club magazines，our experienced staff choose a club choice booka work of fiction or a reference title which they feel is particularly worth buying，and which is offered at an extraspecial price.however，if you do not want this book，just say so in the space provided on the form.we will always send the book if we do not receive this.so，return your application form today，but hurryits not every day we can make you an offer like this.to apply to become a member，all you need to do is simply fill in the enclosed form and return it in the postagepaid envelope supplied.before you know it，your books will be with you.please dont send any money now，as we will send you your bill with the books.and remember，you have up to a fortnight to decide if you wish to keep the books you have ordered.you should then either return the books or send your payment.1which of the following doesnt belong to the benefits of being a club member?aget four books for free in the first year.border a free watch.cget a gift for nothing.dorder a dvd at a low price.2every month the club provides a free club magazine in order to_.alet readers know the number of books to be soldbkeep readers well informed of recent bestselling bookscmake readers know the clubs developmentdattract more and more readers to join the club3if a book is worth $100，how much will a member probably save if he buys one?a$20.b$40.c$60.d$70.4what should you do if you want to join the book club?ajust fill in a form with personal informa