液壓助力轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)及英文翻譯.doc

液壓助力轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)文件種類及編號(hào)：美國(guó)專利7337872摘要：液壓助力轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)帶有舵機(jī)及液壓裝置，在司機(jī)駕駛車輛時(shí)可以輔助方向盤驅(qū)動(dòng)，尤其是汽車駕駛。其中的部件需要提供一個(gè)額外的轉(zhuǎn)向力矩。提供額外轉(zhuǎn)向力矩的部件至少包括一個(gè)附加的轉(zhuǎn)向器和一個(gè)輔助扭矩探測(cè)器，將他們安裝成為一個(gè)模塊，通過方向盤軸連接方向盤的轉(zhuǎn)向器。專利發(fā)明者:Bhm, Jrgen (Oberneisen, DE) Linkenbach, Steffen (Eschborn, DE) Hoffmann, Oliver (Frankfurt, DE) Nell, Joachim (Hanau, DE) Schirling, Andreas (Pfungstadt, DE) Muth, Norman (Frankenberg, DE) Grlach, Johannes (Langgns, DE) 申請(qǐng)?zhí)? 10/504211 存檔日期: 02/17/2003 出版日期:03/04/2008 技術(shù)領(lǐng)域:180/404-407, 180/417, 180/421-423, 180/444, 701/41-43, 180/446, 180/419, 180/427-428, 180/443 美國(guó)文獻(xiàn)參考:4681182：July, 1987.Suzuki et al.180/444.Electric power steering apparatus4909343：March, 1990.Mouri et al.180/422.Electric power steering system5086859：February, 1992.Takahashi et al.180/446.Method and system for controlling electric power steering5785144：July, 1998.Cakmaz et al.180/422.Power steering system/servo control5854987: December, 1998.Sekine et al.701/41.Vehicle steering control system using navigation system5893430:April, 1999.Koike.180/443.Steering apparatus for automotive vehicle5931256:August, 1999.Langkamp.180/422.Device for controlling a reaction force using an electric motor to provide a steering assistance force in a hydraulic power steering system6052633:April, 2000.Fukuyama et al.701/41.Power steering apparatus for electric vehicle6131059:October, 2000.Kaji et al.701/41.Steering angle middle point detecting device and power steering apparatus6158545:December, 2000.Kaji et al.180/446.Power steering apparatus6285936:September, 2001.Bohner et al.701/41.Steering system for a vehicle6470994:October, 2002.Shimizu et al.180/446.Electric power steering apparatus國(guó)外參考:EP0580997.June, 1993.Power-assisted steering for a motor vehicle.EP1142746.October, 2001.Vehicle steering assembly其他參考:International Search Report of Application No. PCT/EP03/01552 dated May 22, 2003. 主審:Morris, Lesley D. 助審:Scharich, Marc A.描述：技術(shù)領(lǐng)域：液壓助力轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)帶有舵機(jī)及液壓裝置，在司機(jī)駕駛車輛時(shí)以輔助方向盤驅(qū)動(dòng)，尤其是汽車駕駛。與此相關(guān)是需要提供一個(gè)額外轉(zhuǎn)向力矩。發(fā)明背景：隨著汽車技術(shù)的不斷更新，尤其對(duì)于客運(yùn)車輛，一般都裝有液壓的或電液的助力轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)，下文稱為“液壓助力轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)”。助力裝置的配置，如安排在方向盤轉(zhuǎn)向機(jī)制中的液壓缸一樣。通過旋轉(zhuǎn)方向盤產(chǎn)生一個(gè)力（扭矩），將這個(gè)力加在輔助裝置上再反作用于轉(zhuǎn)向機(jī)構(gòu)。減小了轉(zhuǎn)向所需的扭矩，從而使得駕駛員在駕駛過程中更加放心。 我們知道，設(shè)計(jì)的主要技術(shù)是助力或舵機(jī)增壓的速度響應(yīng)問題。一個(gè)典型的例子就是低車速進(jìn)入停車位或者騰出一個(gè)停車空間，顯而易見，這種情況下以較高的輔助扭矩應(yīng)為首選。在高速駕駛時(shí)一個(gè)很小的扭矩能產(chǎn)生一個(gè)大的轉(zhuǎn)向力矩是很理想的。發(fā)明簡(jiǎn)介發(fā)明對(duì)象是要提供一個(gè)液壓助力轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)。這個(gè)系統(tǒng)能提供一個(gè)可變扭矩，并且可以非常容易的集成到液壓助力轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)中。這個(gè)對(duì)象的發(fā)明均為自主知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)?！皊teering wheel”這個(gè)術(shù)語，在這指的是一切轉(zhuǎn)向的驅(qū)動(dòng)調(diào)節(jié)裝置，如方向盤，控制桿或操縱桿。這項(xiàng)發(fā)明的實(shí)質(zhì)，是快速的提供一個(gè)有多個(gè)單位力矩組成額外轉(zhuǎn)向力矩，同時(shí)也意味著需要一套檢測(cè)裝置并且與轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)構(gòu)成一個(gè)模塊，安裝在方向盤軸上，以連接方向盤和舵機(jī)。該發(fā)明說明額外扭矩舵機(jī)包括一個(gè)連接到操縱桿的電氣發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)。 該發(fā)明說明，是指為提供轉(zhuǎn)向力矩而增設(shè)一個(gè)電動(dòng)機(jī)，由此就要增加一個(gè)的電子控制和調(diào)節(jié)單元（ ECU ） ，以及一個(gè)冗余的方向盤扭矩傳感器。 該發(fā)明說明，是指為提供轉(zhuǎn)向力矩而增設(shè)一個(gè)傳動(dòng)裝置以配合額外的扭矩動(dòng)作。據(jù)發(fā)明，齒輪皮帶驅(qū)動(dòng)、螺旋蝸輪或齒輪傳動(dòng)等傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)中最好的是皮帶驅(qū)動(dòng)。 該發(fā)明說明了一個(gè)電子控制及調(diào)節(jié)單元（ ECU ）促使附加力矩動(dòng)作，以產(chǎn)生更大的方向盤轉(zhuǎn)矩，以適應(yīng)當(dāng)前的車輛行駛速度。 該發(fā)明說明了該電子控制及調(diào)節(jié)單元（ ECU ）促使額外扭矩動(dòng)作，產(chǎn)生額外方向盤扭矩，以適應(yīng)汽車的行駛過程中的路況。 最后，他還有利于象征性的提供一種軌道檢測(cè)方法，確定其標(biāo)準(zhǔn)軌道或大概的軌道角度，檢測(cè)或估算道路的形狀。實(shí)際跟蹤檢測(cè)的方法，確定一個(gè)實(shí)際的方向和實(shí)際的軌道夾角從而檢測(cè)和估算車輛的航向。對(duì)照的方法，也就是說比較理想軌跡和理想軌跡角與實(shí)際軌跡與實(shí)際軌跡角。再者，用零點(diǎn)位移的方法，以取代通過比照方法而得出的轉(zhuǎn)向操作桿的零點(diǎn)特性曲線。 據(jù)發(fā)明，一個(gè)電子控制及調(diào)節(jié)單元（ ECU ）促使附加力矩動(dòng)作，以產(chǎn)生更大的方向盤轉(zhuǎn)矩，以適應(yīng)當(dāng)前汽車動(dòng)力學(xué)，特別是目前的橫向加速度。 根據(jù)這項(xiàng)發(fā)明，額外扭矩提供者是電機(jī)，電磁，或液壓致動(dòng)器。 這項(xiàng)發(fā)明的目的還是通過液壓助力轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)實(shí)現(xiàn)的，這個(gè)液壓系統(tǒng)包括一個(gè)轉(zhuǎn) 向裝置，一個(gè)支持由汽車司機(jī)控制的方向盤的液壓執(zhí)行器，特別是那些與應(yīng)用附加 轉(zhuǎn)向扭矩有關(guān)的機(jī)動(dòng)車，其特點(diǎn)是有效的應(yīng)用了附加轉(zhuǎn)向扭矩，包括至少一個(gè)附加 的扭矩執(zhí)行器，并被配置為一個(gè)單元，這個(gè)單元作為一個(gè)模塊被安裝在方向盤側(cè)面 ，液壓助力轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)轉(zhuǎn)閥的尾部。最好的是，開動(dòng)就意味著這個(gè)附加扭矩執(zhí)行器正工作于的轉(zhuǎn)向閥輸入軸上的帶 齒系統(tǒng)上。詳細(xì)說明所推薦的緣由：轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)說明圖，如圖1，由方向盤1 ，轉(zhuǎn)向管柱2，兩個(gè)萬向節(jié)3 、4，連接到方向盤1 。轉(zhuǎn)向柱二是連接方向盤軸5，以驅(qū)動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)向拉桿8、9，橫向轉(zhuǎn)向機(jī)架通過一個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)向器6 ，連接轉(zhuǎn)向桿7 ，此配置的轉(zhuǎn)向機(jī)架，使車輪10、 11傾斜。機(jī)架和汽車轉(zhuǎn)向表明，在這里，液壓增壓得實(shí)現(xiàn)方法是由由發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)一個(gè)油壓泵13，再由他驅(qū)動(dòng)汽車轉(zhuǎn)向。例如，通過一個(gè)皮帶傳動(dòng)12，向泵13加壓輸送液體，從導(dǎo)向閥14通過管道15 。壓力流體再通過回油路16回流到油箱17 。在正前方的方向盤，通過導(dǎo)向閥在該組織的中立管道（開放中心）和回油管道16恒定流量的供油。壓力在兩缸18、19和一個(gè)工作壓力缸20內(nèi)沒有助力轉(zhuǎn)向，以使得導(dǎo)向機(jī)架7達(dá)到均衡。當(dāng)方向盤轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)時(shí)，導(dǎo)向機(jī)架7和活塞21運(yùn)動(dòng)相互轉(zhuǎn)換，液壓的壓力輔助活塞21運(yùn)動(dòng) 。在這種情況下，油閥14因壓力而只有流體流動(dòng)，從一缸轉(zhuǎn)到其他缸，使整個(gè)導(dǎo)向驅(qū)動(dòng)中液壓的作用增大。傳統(tǒng)的液壓助力轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)是上文所述的一個(gè)組成單元， 22產(chǎn)生額外的轉(zhuǎn)矩，包括增加一個(gè)扭轉(zhuǎn)舵機(jī)23 ，此處還包括一個(gè)電動(dòng)機(jī)23，電器控制單元ECU 24，驅(qū)動(dòng)電機(jī)23和一個(gè)檢測(cè)信號(hào)的冗余的轉(zhuǎn)向力矩傳感器25 ，一個(gè)位置傳感器26。將電子元件連接到電源27 上，用控制單元ECU 24和冗余的扭矩傳感器25更為適宜。 在這里22也包括控制單元（ECU）24。然而，控制單元（ECU）24也可以根據(jù)其發(fā)明用途另行安排。最好是，22要至少包括一個(gè)額外的扭矩舵機(jī)23，轉(zhuǎn)向力矩傳感器25，并視情況而定，為汽車的位置而設(shè)置傳感器26。這項(xiàng)發(fā)明的額外扭矩特性曲線（見圖2 ） 。增壓特性曲線此處指的是，方向盤扭矩或驅(qū)動(dòng)力矩m對(duì)現(xiàn)行系統(tǒng)的壓力P的液壓增壓。扭矩A（ m_steering ）通過增設(shè)一個(gè)附加扭矩B（ m_motor ）而降低為例就可見一斑。這意味著，輔助轉(zhuǎn)向給司機(jī)以更大程度的支持。它也有可能通過一個(gè)液壓額外扭矩舵機(jī)產(chǎn)生額外的轉(zhuǎn)矩（見圖3 ） ，或由磁額外扭矩舵機(jī)（見圖4 ）。基本轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)采用液壓援助是完全相同的系統(tǒng)，如圖1，因此，將不詳細(xì)解釋了。 機(jī)電額外扭矩舵機(jī)說明圖5以及爆炸圖圖6 ，透視圖圖7，作為整體他的組成有一個(gè)連接到導(dǎo)向閥門。因此，舵機(jī)在后面就不詳細(xì)解釋了，就像所參閱的數(shù)據(jù)被分配到各個(gè)組成成分中。圖紙的描繪了特別好的反映了緊湊型設(shè)計(jì)方可融入現(xiàn)有的轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)。因此，機(jī)電驅(qū)動(dòng)除了縮短轉(zhuǎn)向柱-可以安裝到現(xiàn)有的系統(tǒng)技術(shù)性非常低的工作。該技術(shù)的發(fā)展，對(duì)額外的扭矩舵機(jī)的要求也相對(duì)較低。這使得一個(gè)比較低成本的制造工藝表明，這種舵機(jī)，能更好的減少影響安全的故障或疏忽。有關(guān)圖紙及簡(jiǎn)要敘述：圖1 助力轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)的原理與機(jī)電示意圖圖2動(dòng)力轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)的特性曲線。圖3助力轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)的液壓舵機(jī)。 圖4助力轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)的磁性額外扭矩舵機(jī)。 圖5機(jī)電動(dòng)作單元示意圖。 圖6機(jī)電額外扭矩舵機(jī)爆炸圖 圖7組裝好的機(jī)電額外扭矩舵機(jī)。Hydraulic power assisted steering systemDocument Type and Number:United States Patent 7337872 Abstract:A hydraulic power steering system with a steering gear and a hydraulic actuator for supporting a steering wheel actuation by the driver of a vehicle, in particular a motor vehicle, includes components for actively applying an additional steering torque, the components for actively applying an additional steering torque including at least one additional torque actuator and a steering torque detector being mounted as a module on a steering wheel shaft that connects the steering wheel to the steering gear.Inventors:Bhm, Jrgen (Oberneisen, DE) Linkenbach, Steffen (Eschborn, DE) Hoffmann, Oliver (Frankfurt, DE) Nell, Joachim (Hanau, DE) Schirling, Andreas (Pfungstadt, DE) Muth, Norman (Frankenberg, DE) Grlach, Johannes (Langgns, DE) Application Number:10/504211 Filing Date:02/17/2003 Publication Date:03/04/2008 Field of Search:180/404-407, 180/417, 180/421-423, 180/444, 701/41-43, 180/446, 180/419, 180/427-428, 180/443 US Patent References:4681182：July, 1987.Suzuki et al.180/444.Electric power steering apparatus4909343：March, 1990.Mouri et al.180/422.Electric power steering system5086859：February, 1992.Takahashi et al.180/446.Method and system for controlling electric power steering5785144：July, 1998.Cakmaz et al.180/422.Power steering system/servo control5854987: December, 1998.Sekine et al.701/41.Vehicle steering control system using navigation system5893430:April, 1999.Koike.180/443.Steering apparatus for automotive vehicle5931256:August, 1999.Langkamp.180/422.Device for controlling a reaction force using an electric motor to provide a steering assistance force in a hydraulic power steering system6052633:April, 2000.Fukuyama et al.701/41.Power steering apparatus for electric vehicle6131059:October, 2000.Kaji et al.701/41.Steering angle middle point detecting device and power steering apparatus6158545:December, 2000.Kaji et al.180/446.Power steering apparatus6285936:September, 2001.Bohner et al.701/41.Steering system for a vehicle6470994:October, 2002.Shimizu et al.180/446.Electric power steering apparatusoreign References:EP0580997.June, 1993.Power-assisted steering for a motor vehicle.EP1142746.October, 2001.Vehicle steering assemblyOther References:International Search Report of Application No. PCT/EP03/01552 dated May 22, 2003. Primary Examiner:Morris, Lesley D. Assistant Examiner:Scharich, Marc A. Description:TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a hydraulic power steering system with a steering gear and a hydraulic actuator for supporting a steering wheel actuation by the driver of a vehicle, in particular a motor vehicle, with means associated therewith for actively applying an additional steering torque. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Up-to-date motor vehicles, in particular passenger vehicles, are generally equipped with hydraulic or electrohydraulic power steering systems, hereinbelow referred to as hydraulic power steering systems. The power assistance is configured such that actuators, e.g. hydraulic cylinders, are arranged in the medium range of the steering mechanism. A force generated by the actuators is used to support the actuation of the steering mechanism as a reaction to the rotation of the steering wheel (torque support). The torque to be applied for steering the vehicle is thus reduced and the driver relieved during the steering maneuver. It is known in the art to design the torque assistance or steering boosting speed-responsively. At low vehicle speeds being typical of pulling in or out of a parking space, a very easy-running steering system with a high degree of torque support is preferred, while heavier steering with a low degree of torque support is desirable at high driving speeds. BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the invention is to provide a hydraulic power steering system, which enables a variable torque support and can easily be integrated into hydraulic power steering systems provided. This object is achieved by the features of the independent claims. The term steering wheel herein implies all feasible actuating devices for steering a vehicle such as a steering wheel, control stick, or joystick. It is essential for the invention that the means for actively applying an additional steering torque is configured as a unit comprising at least one additional torque actuator and a means detecting the steering torque and being mounted as a module on a steering wheel shaft that connects the steering wheel to the steering gear. The invention discloses that the additional torque actuator includes an electric motor that is coupled to the steering column. The invention discloses that the means for the active application of an additional steering torque includes an electric motor, a redundant electronic controlling and regulating unit (ECU), and a redundant steering wheel torque sensor. The invention discloses that the means for the active application of an additional steering torque includes a gear cooperating with the additional torque actuator. According to the invention, the gear is a belt drive, a helical worm gear, or a spur gear, preferably a belt drive. The invention discloses that an electronic controlling and regulating unit (ECU) actuates the additional torque actuator to produce an additional steering wheel torque adapted to the current vehicle speed. The invention discloses that the electronic controlling and regulating unit (ECU) actuates an additional torque actuator to produce an additional steering wheel torque that is adapted to the vehicles course and the shape of the road. To this end, there is favorable provision of a nominal track detecting means for determining a nominal track or a nominal track angle from a detected or estimated shape of the road, an actual track detecting means for determining an actual track and an actual track angle from a detected or estimated vehicle course, a comparison means for comparing the nominal track and the nominal track angle with the actual track and the actual track angle, and a zero-point displacement means in order to displace the zero point of the characteristic curve for supporting the steering handle according to the comparison. According to the invention, an electronic controlling and regulating unit (ECU) actuates the additional torque actuator to produce an additional steering wheel torque adapted to the current vehicle dynamics, in particular the current transverse acceleration. According to the invention, the additional torque actuator is an electromechanical, electromagnetic, or hydraulic actuator. The object of the invention is also achieved by a hydraulic power steering system, including a steering gear and a hydraulic actuator for supporting a steering wheel actuation by the driver of a vehicle, in particular a motor vehicle, associated with which is a means for the active application of an additional steering torque, characterized in that the means for the active application of an additional steering torque includes at least one additional torque actuator and is configured as a unit that is arranged as a module at a steering-wheel sided end portion of the steering valve of a hydraulic power steering system. Preferably, a driving means of the additional torque actuator is engaged in a toothed system on the input shaft of the steering valve. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The steering system illustrated in FIG. 1 comprises a steering wheel 1 , and a steering column 2 with two universal joints 3 , 4 connected to the steering wheel 1 . Steering column 2 is connected to or part of a steering wheel shaft 5 that actuates the steering tie rods 8 , 9 secured laterally to a steering rack 7 by way of a steering gear 6 , a steering rod 7 , herein configured as steering rack, thereby causing tilting of the wheels 10 , 11 . In the rack-and-pinion steering shown herein, hydraulic boosting is realized by means of a hydraulic pump 13 driven by the driving engine of the vehicle, e.g. by means of a belt drive 12 , said pump 13 conveying pressurized fluid to a steering valve 14 through a conduit 15 . The pressure fluid can flow back into a supply tank 17 through a return conduit 16 . In the straight-ahead position of the steering wheel, a constant oil flow propagates through the steering valve being in its neutral position (open center) and back through the return conduit 16 . The pressure in two chambers 18 , 19 of a working cylinder 20 arranged on the steering rack 7 is equalized. There is no power steering. The steering rack 7 and thus also piston 21 is displaced when the steering wheel 1 is turned. The pressure of the pressure fluid supports the movement of the piston 21 . As this occurs, valve 14 additionally causes pressure fluid to flow from one chamber into the other chamber so that the whole steering actuation is hydraulically boosted. The conventional hydraulic power steering system described above comprises a unit 22 for producing an additional torque, including an additional torque actuator 23 , herein an electric motor 23 , a redundant control unit ECU 24 for actuating the motor 23 and evaluating signals of a redundant steering torque sensor 25 , and a sensor 26 for the motor position. The electronic components are connected to an electric energy source 27 . The control unit ECU 24 and the torque sensor 25 are preferably redundant. Unit 22 also comprises the control unit ECU 24 herein. However, the control unit ECU 24 can also be arranged separately according to the invention. Preferably, unit 22 comprises at least an additional torque actuator 23 , a steering torque sensor 25 and, as the case may be, a sensor 26 for the motor position. The invention renders it possible to vary the boosting characteristic curve by producing an additional torque (see FIG. 2). The boosting characteristic curve herein means the dependency of the steering wheel torque or the actuating torque M on the prevailing system pressure P of the hydraulic boosting. The torque A (M_steering) is reduced by an active application of an additional torque B (M_motor) in the example shown. This implies that the steering activity of the driver is supported to a greater extent. It is also possible to produce an additional torque by means of a hydraulic additional torque actuator (see FIG. 3) or by a magnetic additional torque actuator (see FIG. 4). The basic steering system with hydraulic assistance is identical to the system shown in FIG. 1 and, therefore, will not be explained in detail. The