2009年職稱英語考試真題及參考答案.doc

2009年職稱英語考試真題及參考答案(理工B)2009年職稱英語考試?yán)砉ゎ怋級真題(代碼22)第一題：詞匯選項(xiàng)參考答案講評1. call-phone2. conversation-talk3. proposed-suggested4. relied on-depended on5. breaks-beats6. cheerful-happy7. exhibited-displayed8. fury-anger9. diligent-hardworking10.persistent-continuous11.eternal-everlasting12.wrecked-damaged13.authentic-genuine14.lure-attraction15.puzzle-mystery答案：A D C A B B A D C D B A D B D第二題:閱讀判斷參考答案講評16. It is estimated that water use will rise by 50% in the next 30 years. (A)17. Most developed countries will face water shortage in 20 years. (B)18. Most of the worlds population may live within 100 km of the sea in 2025. (A)19. Almost all coral reefs may disappear in 100 years. (B)20. Some species of fish in the Atlantic are at dangerously low level. (C)21. The world bank report implies that urgent action should be taken to protect water supplies. (A)22. India exceeds (will exceed)environmental limits for water use. (B)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案為 ABABCAB第三題：概括大意與完成句子參考答案講評23. Paragraph 1 C:implications of chimpanzee extinction for humans (段落最后一句)24. Paragraph 2 E： Genetic similarities between chimps and humans(段落第一句及段落中間部分均提及)25. Paragraph 3 B：reasons for HIV resistance(該主題需要考生結(jié)合下個(gè)段落內(nèi)容推斷出來)26. Paragraph 4 F：Chimps resistance to HIV(段落第一句)27. D. human survival28. E. Human genomes(基因組)29. C; some diseases30: B: some human disease treatment (出題句在文章第5段)B22的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案為 CEBF DECB第四題：閱讀理解第1篇：Water(沒找到原文)31 世原文 D32好像是世界水總量 B 總水量維持不變?33是大部分的可飲用水資源儲存 答案A 冰川和山川?34翻譯短語 D 少量的?35raildown land多于ocean 還是ocean多于land?B22的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案為DBADC (紅色字體有待大家考證，黑色字體已經(jīng)確認(rèn)正確)第2篇：Mind-reading(參考教材，好像其中一個(gè)題選項(xiàng)提問與教材不一樣)32. Mind-reading1 MachineA team of researchers in California has developed a way to predict what kinds of objects people are looking at by scanning whats happening in their brains.When you look at something, your eyes send a signal about that object to your brain. Different regions of the brain process the information your eyes send. Cells in your brain called neurons are responsible for this processing.The fMRI (functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging ) 2 brain scans could generally match electrical activity in the brain to the basic shape of a picture that someone was looking at.Like cells anywhere else in your body, active neurons use oxygen. Blood brings oxygen to the neurons, and the more active a neuron is, the more oxygen it will consume. The more active a region of the brain, the more active its neurons, and in turn, the more blood will travel to that region. And by using fMRI, scientists can visualize3 which parts of the brain receive more oxygen-rich blood-and therefore, which parts are working to process information.An fMRI machine is a device that scans the brain and measures changes in blood flow to the brain. The technology shows researchers how brain activity changes when a person thinks, looks at something, or carries out an activity like speaking or reading. By highlighting the areas of the brain at work when a person looks at different images, fMRI may help scientists determine specific patterns of brain activity associated with different kinds of images.The California researchers tested brain activity by having two volunteers view hundreds of pictures of everyday objects, like people, animals, and fruits. The scientists used an fMRI machine to record the volunteers brain activity with each photograph they looked at. Different objects caused different regions of the volunteers brains to light up on the scan, indicating activity. The scientists used this information to build a model to predict how the brain might respond to any image the eyes see.In a second test, the scientists asked the volunteers to look at 120 new pictures. Like before, their brains were scanned every time they looked at a new image. This time, the scientists used their model to match the fMRI scans to the image. For example, if a scan in the second test showed the same pattern of brain activity that was strongly related to pictures of apples in the first test, their model would have predicted the volunteers were looking at apples.詞匯：scan v. &n. 掃描visualize v. 使可見;設(shè)想neuron n. 神經(jīng)元注釋:1. Mind-reading: 能讀出(猜出)人的想法的。mind-read: 可做動詞，如，As a successfulsalesman, he is able to mind-read his customers.2. FMRI (functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging) : 功能性磁振造影。這是一種新興的神經(jīng)影像學(xué)方式，其原理是利用磁振造影來測量神經(jīng)元活動所引發(fā)之血液動力的改變。3. visualize: 意為make(something)visible to the eye，即“使可見，使顯現(xiàn)”。36 . What is responsible for processing the information sent by your eyes?A)A small region of the brain.B)The central part of the brain.C)Neurons in the brain.D)Oxygen-rich blood.37. Which of the following statements is NOT meant by the writer?A)Ceils in your brain are called neurons.B)The more oxygen a neuron consumes, the more blood it needs.C)FMRI helps scientists to discover which parts of the brain process information.D)fMRI helps scientists to discover how the brain develops intelligently.38. Highlighting the areas of the brain at work meansA)marking the parts of the brain that are processing informationB)giving light to the parts of the brain that are processing informationC)putting the parts of the brain to workD)stopping the parts of the brain from working39. What did the researchers experiment on?A)Animals, objects, and fruits.B)Two volunteers.C)fMRI machines.D)Thousands of pictures.40. Which of the following can be the best replacement of the tide?A)The Recent Development in Science and Technology.B)Your Thoughts Can Be Scanned.C)A Technological Dream.D)A Device that can Help You Calculate.答案與題解：36. C 文章第二段的最后兩個(gè)句子提供了答案。Cells in your brain called neurons areresponsible for this processin9.這里的processin9指的就是上句中的內(nèi)容。37. 該題目發(fā)生變化。問題：fMIR這臺機(jī)器是干什么用的?答案：An fMRI machine is a device that scans the brain and measures changes in blood flow to the brain. 見文章第5段。38. Ahighlight：使顯得突出，標(biāo)出。at work：正在工作的。這里指正在處理信息的(大腦區(qū)域)。39. B答案在文章的第六段中可以找到。實(shí)驗(yàn)者讓兩個(gè)自愿受試者觀看許多照片，并用fMRI對設(shè)備測試他們的大腦在這一過程中的活動。40.BA論述的范圍太大。fMR技術(shù)已不再是夢想，所以C也不是正確選擇。D所述內(nèi)容與文章完全不符。B符合文章內(nèi)容，是最佳選擇。標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案為 CCADA第3篇：youth emancipation in SpainThe Spanish Government is so worried about the number of young adults still living with their parents that it has decided to help them leave the nest.Around 55 percent of people aged 18-34 in Spain still sleep in their parents home, says the latest report from the countrys state-run Institute of Youth.To coax young people from their homes, the Institute started a “Youth Emancipation” programme this month. The programme offers guidance in finding rooms and jobs.Economists blame young peoples family dependence on the precarious labour market and increasing housing prices. Housing prices have risen 17 percent a year since 2000.Cultural reasons also contribute to the problem, say sociologists. Family ties in south Europe Italy, Portugal and Greece are stronger than those in middle and north Europe, said Spanish sociologist Almudena Moreno Minguez in her report “The Late Emancipation of Spanish Youth Key for Understanding”.“In general, young people in Spain firmly believe in the family as the main body around which their private life is organized,” said Minguez.In Spain especially in the countryside, it is not uncommon to find entire groups of aunts, uncles, cousins, nieces and nephews all living on the same street. They regularly get together for Sunday dinner.Parents tolerance is another factor. Spanish parents accept late-night partying and are wary of setting bedtime rules.“A child can arrive home at whatever time he wants. If parents complain hell put up a fight and call the father a fascist,” said Jose Antonio Gomez Yanez, a sociologist at Carlos III University in Madrid.Mothers willingness to do childrens household chores worsens the problem. Dionisio Masso, a 60-year-old in Madrid, has three children in their 20s. the eldest 28, has a girlfriend and a job. But life with mum is good.“His mum does the wash and cooks for him, in the end, he lives well.” Masso said.41The “Youth Emancipation” programme aims at helping young peopleAlive in an independent wayBfight for freedomCfight against social injusticeDget rid of family responsibilities42It can be inferred from paragraph 5 that family ties are stronger in Portugal than inAGreeceBFinland(位于歐洲北部)CSpain(位于歐洲西南)DItaly43Young peoples family dependence can be attributed to all the following factors EXCEPTAparents toleranceBhousing problemsCUnwillingness to get married.Dcultural traditions44Which of the following statements is NOT true of Dionisio Masso?Ahe has a boyfriendBShe is 60 years old.CShe has three childrenDShe lives in Madrid45The phrase “wary of” in paragraph 8 could be best replaced byAtired ofBafraid ofCworried aboutD cautious about答案與題解：41. A： Live in an independent way.( 出題句：Coax(引誘) young people from their homes)42. B： Finland (Greece/Spain出現(xiàn)在并列結(jié)構(gòu)中， Spain在文章中提到了， 只有Finland沒有被提到)43. C： unwillingness to get married (該信息在文章中沒有被提到)44. A： She has a boy friend. (該題又是在考查插入語結(jié)構(gòu)， 出題句 。， a 60-year-old in Madrid, had three children in their 20s. )45. D： wary of /cautious about/小心謹(jǐn)慎的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案為ABCAD第五題：補(bǔ)全短文Reduce PackagingPressure increased recently on British supermarkets and retailers to reduce packaging as part of an anti-waste campaign_46_F_.Britain generates 4.6 million tons of household waste every year by packaging. Dozens of people have expressed anger at the excess of plastic wrapping. Campaigners have called on Britain to learn from other European countries._47_B_.When returned bottles are put in a vending machines, the deposit is refunded. Environmentalists warn that Britain lags behind in this. There were reports of growing unease among consumers over the amount of packaging they have to deal with. Trade standards officers also object to excessive packaging _48_C_. In response to a campaign by Britains The Independent newspaper, leading supermarkets have pointed to various initiatives to win the public confidence._49_E_. But campaigners said retailers and the government could learn much from anti-waste practices on the Continent. In Sweden, non-recyclable batteries have been taxed since 1991 to encourage a switch to alternatives. _50_D_In Germany, plastic bags are unheard of in supermarkets and deposits are paid for reusable plastic and glass beverage (飲料)bottles.A. if a product is overpackaged, dont buy itB. In Belgium, when you buy something in a plastic or glass container, you make a deposit. C. this is because too much padding can give buyers a false impression of what they are buying.D. This has resulted in a 74 percent reduction in sales.E. Tesco said it was saving 112,000 tons of cardboard a year by switching to reusable plastic crates (板條箱)for transporting its fresh produce.F. The campaign was initiated by The Independent newspaper.答案與題解：因?yàn)榉磳速M(fèi)的運(yùn)動要減少包裝，英國的超級市場及零售商最近增加了壓力。(這項(xiàng)運(yùn)動由無黨派報(bào)紙發(fā)起。)(這導(dǎo)致銷量減少74%。)減少銷量才會增加壓力?因?yàn)榘b，英國每年產(chǎn)生了4.6百萬噸家庭廢物。許多人曾對剩余的塑料包裝表示過惱火。運(yùn)動發(fā)起者呼吁英國向其它歐洲國家學(xué)習(xí)。(在比利時(shí)，你買東西用塑料或玻璃容器時(shí)，你必須交付押金。)(如果產(chǎn)品被包裝兩層，別買它。)這些都可以是比較先進(jìn)的、減少浪費(fèi)的觀點(diǎn)。當(dāng)返還的瓶子退回柜員機(jī)時(shí)，押金也償還。環(huán)境保護(hù)者警告：英國在這方面已經(jīng)落后了。他們不得不處置的消費(fèi)品額外包裝量報(bào)告增長了不安。貿(mào)易權(quán)威官員也反對過多的包裝。(這是因?yàn)樘嗟奶盍蠈?dǎo)致顧客產(chǎn)生錯(cuò)誤的印象：他都到底是在買什么?)(如果產(chǎn)品被包裝兩層，別買它。)權(quán)威部門都反對了，還買?為響應(yīng)這個(gè)由無黨派報(bào)紙發(fā)起的運(yùn)動，主要的超市通過多種公開的行動贏得了公眾的信任。(Tesco(英國最大的零售商)說轉(zhuǎn)為使用可再度利用的塑料框，一年節(jié)約了112,000噸的紙板。)但運(yùn)動發(fā)起者說零售商和政府應(yīng)學(xué)習(xí)更多歐洲大陸反對浪費(fèi)的慣例。在瑞典，1991年起不回收的電池必須繳稅。(這導(dǎo)致銷量減少74%。)(在比利時(shí)，你買東西用塑料或玻璃容器時(shí)，你必須交付押金。)(如果產(chǎn)品被包裝兩層，不買它。)我不知道瑞典的不回收電池是否減少70%的銷量、瑞典是否不買包裝兩層(即過度包裝)的商品，所以這3個(gè)答案好像都可。在德國，超市找不到塑料袋，押金用于可再利用的塑料或玻璃容器。(A)If a product is overpackaged, dont buy it.如果產(chǎn)品被包裝兩層，不買它。(B)In Belgium, when you buy something in a plastic or glass container, you make a deposit.在比利時(shí)，你買東西用塑料或玻璃容器時(shí)，你必須交付押金。(C)This is because too much padding can give buyers a false impression of what they are buying.這是因?yàn)樘嗟奶盍蠈?dǎo)致顧客產(chǎn)生錯(cuò)誤的印象：都不知道是買什么(D)This has resulted in a 74 percent reduction in sales.這導(dǎo)致銷量減少74%。(E)Tesco said it was saving 112,000 tons of cardboard a year by switching to reusable plastic crates for transporting its fresh produce.Tesco說，轉(zhuǎn)為使用可再度利用的塑料框，一年節(jié)約了112,000噸的紙板。(F)The campaign was initiated by The Independent newspaper.這個(gè)運(yùn)動由無黨派報(bào)紙發(fā)起。標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案為 FBCED第六題：完形填空Taking a nap during the dayTaking a Nap During the DayMedical experts say most Americans do not get1sleep. They say more Americans need to rest for a short period in the middle of the day. They are advising people to sleep lightly before2with other activities.One study earlier this year found that persons who sleep for a few minutes during the day were less3to die of disease. The study followed more than 2,300 Greek adults4about six years. Adult who rested for half an hour 5three times a week had a 37 percent lower risk of dying from heart disease than those who did not nap.Study organizers said the strongest evidence was in working men. They said naps might improve 6 by mitigating tension caused by work.Some European and Latin American businesses have supported the 7of napping for many years. They urge people to8work, go home and have a nap before returning. In the United States, some companies let workers rest briefly in their offices. They believe this reduces in their offices. They believe this reduces9and accidents, and10increases the amount of work a person can do.Sleep experts say it is likely that people make more mistakes at work than at other times1. They say people should not carry out important duties when they feel11. And they say the best thing to do is to take a nap. About twenty minutes of rest is12you need. Experts say this provides extra energy and can increase your effectiveness13the end of the day. But experts warn that a nap14last no more than twenty to thirty minutes. A longer nap will put thebody into deep sleep2 and waking up3 will be15詞匯:Nap n. 打盹 mitigate v.減價(jià)urge v.催促，勸告注釋:1.people make more mistakes at work than at other times：人們在工作(時(shí)間)中出錯(cuò)的概率比其它的時(shí)間要多。本句中的at work可以理解為during their work time。2.putinto deep sleep：使進(jìn)人深睡狀態(tài)3.waking up：從上下文判斷，waking up是“自己醒過來”的意思，不是“喚醒”。練習(xí):1. A sweet B sound C bad D enough2. A checking B sharing C continuing D meeting3. A lovely B likely C fondly D finely4. A for B at C in D with5. A at least B at most C at last D at first6. A ability B health C thinking D life7. A experiment B reform C idea D way8. A repeat B improve C change D leave9. A work B mistakes C energy D time10. A never B seldom C too D also11. A ready B good C sleepy D awake12. A all B few C any D nothing13. A unless B while C until D during14. A would B may C might D should15. A helpful B difficult C easy D happy答案與題解:1.D本段第二句說“more Americans need to rest for a short period in the middle of the day”。引導(dǎo)我們選擇(not)enough。因?yàn)樗卟粔?，才要中午“打個(gè)盹”。選項(xiàng)A：文不對題。選項(xiàng)B：bad(sleep)與上下文不符，因?yàn)橥ㄆ恼聸]有提到過，中午打盹的原因是晚上沒有睡好。選項(xiàng)C：明顯不合乎邏輯?！坝捎跊]有睡不好(即：晚上睡好了)，白天還要補(bǔ)睡一會兒”，于理說不通。所以，惟一合理的選擇是enough。 2.C空格2所在句子的意思是：醫(yī)學(xué)專家建議人們在進(jìn)行其它活動之前，最好小睡一會。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，只有continuing(選項(xiàng)C)最接近上述的理解。3.B空格3所在的句子說的是“心臟病致死”的問題，lo