SAE AMS 2630B翻譯.docx

SAE AMS 2630B-1995超聲波檢驗(yàn)方法ADOPTION NOTICE采用通告SAE-AMS2630, INSPECTION, ULTRASONIC, PRODUCT OVER 0.5 INCH (12.7 MM) THICK, was adopted on 04-APR-95 for use by the Department of Defense (DoD). Proposed changes by DoD activities must be submitted to the DoD Adopting Activity: ASC/ENOI, Building 560, 2530 Loop Road West, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH 45433-7101. Copies of this document may be purchased from the Society of Automotive Engineers 400 Commonwealth Drive Warrendale, Pennsylvania, United States, 15096-0001.海陸空軍及航天機(jī)動(dòng)性工業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)航天航空材料使用說明2630號(hào)通告，“厚度超過0.5英尺（12.7mm）材料超聲波檢查方法”由美國國防部 于1995年4月4號(hào)正式接受采納為軍方標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，由國防部支持修訂。修改活動(dòng)必須向美國國防部標(biāo)準(zhǔn)采納部門提交：ASC/ENOI 西環(huán)路2530地區(qū)560棟大廈，賴特帕特森空軍基地，俄亥俄州45433-7101。文件副本可以向美國汽車工業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)購買，沃倫戴爾，美國賓夕法尼亞州，15096-0001。Adopting Activity:采納部門Air Force 11 空軍11號(hào)Custodians: Army - AV 管理人 陸軍AVNavy SH 海軍 SHAir Force 11 空軍 11號(hào)Reviewer Activities: 評(píng)論部門Army MR 陸軍 MRNavy - AS 海軍 ASAir Force - 68, 99 空軍 68 69號(hào)DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.發(fā)布聲明A：經(jīng)核準(zhǔn)后可公開發(fā)布，發(fā)布無限制。Copyright SAE 版權(quán)歸海陸空及航天高機(jī)動(dòng)性工業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)AEROSPACE MATERIAL SPECIFICATION航空航天材料說明書Submitted for recognition as an American National Standard 呈遞確認(rèn)為美國國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)Issued JUN 1960 1960年六月出版Revised MAR 1995 1995年五月修訂Superseding AMS 2630A 替代 AMS2630A1. SCOPE使用范圍1.1 Purpose:目的This specification covers procedures for ultrasonic inspection, by pulse-echo procedures, of flat, rectangular, round, cylindrical, and contoured products having a thickness or cross-sectional dimension greater than 0.50 inch (12.7 mm), using either contact or immersion methods, and using the longitudinal-wave or shear-wave modes or combinations of the two, as necessary. This specification may apply to testing finished machined parts provided the parts can meet the basic testability requirements, such as size, contour, metallurgical structure, and thickness.該規(guī)范涵蓋的超聲波脈沖回聲檢查的產(chǎn)品外形包括，扁平的，矩形的，圓片形，圓柱形，產(chǎn)品外形厚度或縱深尺寸大于0.50英尺(12.7 mm)?？梢赃\(yùn)用接觸法或者沉浸法檢測，超聲波類型可用縱波或橫波或者需要時(shí)兩者可以組合運(yùn)用。該說明書適用于測試已完工的需要測試基礎(chǔ)性能的機(jī)械產(chǎn)品部件，例如，尺寸，外形輪廓，冶金組織結(jié)構(gòu)，及厚度等。、1.2 Parts with section thickness both over 0.50 inch (12.7 mm) and 0.5 inch (12.7 mm) and under may be tested using this procedure and AMS 2632, as applicable. 產(chǎn)品截面以0.50英尺 (12.7 mm)為分界點(diǎn)，大于0.50英尺 (12.7 mm) 包含 0.5英尺(12.7 mm)運(yùn)用該標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，小于0.50英尺 (12.7 mm) 運(yùn)用 AMS 2632標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。1.3 Application:用途This procedure has been used typically for locating and defining internal defects such as cracks, voids, laminations, and other structural discontinuities which may or may not be exposed to the surface, but usage is not limited to such applications.該檢測程序適用于找出和測量各類內(nèi)部缺陷，例如裂紋，孔隙，夾層，以及其他不能暴露于表面的結(jié)構(gòu)不連續(xù)，但用法不限于該類用途。2. APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS:適用的文獻(xiàn)The following publications form a part of this specification to the extent specified herein. The latest issue of SAE publications shall apply. The applicable issue of other publications shall be the issue in effect on the date of the purchase order.該說明書的后續(xù)出版主要完善各部分的適應(yīng)細(xì)則，最終的的出版將由SAE協(xié)會(huì)負(fù)責(zé)，其他出版社要發(fā)行的話需要向SAE申請(qǐng)版權(quán)。2.1 SAE Publications:Available from SAE, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001. 細(xì)節(jié)可與SAE協(xié)會(huì)詳談，沃倫戴爾，賓州15096-0001AMS 2632 Inspection, Ultrasonic, of Thin Materials, 0.5 Inch (12.7 mm) and Under Cross-Sectional Thickness航天航空材料使用說明2632標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，關(guān)于厚度為0.5英尺（12.7mm）或小于該尺寸的薄材料超聲波檢查方法SAE J300 Crankcase Oil Viscosity ClassificationSEA協(xié)會(huì)石油粘性分類標(biāo)準(zhǔn)2.2 ASTM Publications:Available from ASTM, 1916 Race Street, Philadelphia, PA 19103-1187.細(xì)節(jié)與ASTM詳談，費(fèi)城跑道街1916號(hào) PA 19103-1187.ASTM E 127 Fabricating and Checking Aluminum Alloy Ultrasonic Standard Refe rence BlocksASTM E127，編寫和校核鋁合金超聲波標(biāo)準(zhǔn)參考試塊ASTM E 317 Evaluating Performance Characteristics of Ultrasonic Pulse-Echo Testing Systems Without the Use of Electronic Measurement InstrumentsASTM E 317超聲波脈沖測試在無電子測量器件情況下的動(dòng)作特性評(píng)估。ASTM E 428 Fabrication and Control of Steel Reference Blocks Used in Ultrasonic InspectionASTM E 428 鋼鐵材料超聲波檢查參考試塊的制作和控制ASTM E 1065 Evaluating Characteristics of Ultrasonic Search UnitsASTM E 1065超聲波檢查的掃描單元特性的評(píng)估2.3 U.S. Government Publications:美國政府出版Available from DODSSP, Subscription Services Desk, Building 4D, 700 Rob bins Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094.細(xì)節(jié)聯(lián)系DODSSP,費(fèi)城，羅賓斯林蔭大道700號(hào)，4D寫字樓，訂閱服務(wù)桌MIL-STD-410 Nondestructive Testing Personnel Qualification and CertificationMIL-STD-410標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，無損檢測人員資質(zhì)和證明2.4 ANSI Publications:美國國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化組織出版Available from American National Standards Institute, Inc., 11 West 42nd Street, New York, NY 10036-8002.詳情聯(lián)系美國國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化組織，紐約西42大道11號(hào)，NY 10036-8002.ANSI B46.1 Surface Texture ANSI B46 1表面質(zhì)感2.5 ASNT Publications:美國無損檢測協(xié)會(huì)出版Available from American Society for Nondestructive Testing, Inc., 1711 Arlingate Plaza, P.O. Box28518, Columbus, OH 43228-0518.詳情聯(lián)系美國無損檢測協(xié)會(huì)，1711 Arlingate Plaza, P.O. Box 28518, Columbus, OH 43228-0518SNT-TC-1A Recommended Practice, Personnel Qualification and Certification in Nondestructive TestingSNT-TC-1A標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 推薦實(shí)踐，無損檢測人員資質(zhì)及證明3. TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS:工藝需求3.1 Qualification:資格3.1.1 Personnel: Shall be qualified and certified in accordance with MIL-STD-410. Alternate procedures, such as ASNT-TC-1A or ATA-105, may be used if specified on the drawing or purchase order. It is the suppliers responsibility to ensure that personnel are certified and function within the limits of the applicable specification or procedure.人員：人員資質(zhì)和資格和MIL-STD-410標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的人員資質(zhì)保持一致，如果有詳細(xì)圖例和指定訂購單，則對(duì)應(yīng) ASNT-TC-1A 和ATA-105。供應(yīng)商有義務(wù)負(fù)責(zé)確保檢驗(yàn)人員是專業(yè)和有資格的并了解檢驗(yàn)的各個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)。3.1.2 Facilities: Shall be subject to survey and approval by purchaser of the inspected product. Ultrasonic test facility equipment shall include, but not be limited to, the basic ultrasonic test instrument, search units (transducers), appropriate ultrasonic references, couplant materials, fixtures, reference specifications, and immersion tanks where applicable. Reference specifications and documentation necessary to verify the qualification of equipment and test personnel shall be available upon request.設(shè)施：應(yīng)受調(diào)查和檢查產(chǎn)品的購買者的批準(zhǔn)。超聲波檢測設(shè)施設(shè)備，應(yīng)包括但不限于基本的超聲波測試儀器，搜索單位（傳感器），適當(dāng)?shù)某暡▍⒖?，耦合劑的材料，裝置，參考規(guī)格，并在適用的浸泡坦克。參考規(guī)格和必要的證件，核實(shí)設(shè)備和檢測人員應(yīng)要求提供的資格。3.2 Ultrasonic Test System: 超聲波測試系統(tǒng)：3.2.1 Basic Ultrasonic Test Instrument: Shall be capable of producing, receiving, amplifying, and displaying on a cathode ray tube (CRT) high frequency signals at specific frequencies as required by the test and shall be of a pulse-reflection (echo), pulse-transmission type. The instrument, if required by the test, shall be capable of being adapted with electronic circuitry, such as flaw gates and distance amplitude corrections. A minimum of a 21 signal-to-noise ratio is required unless otherwise agreed upon by purchaser and vendor.基本超聲波檢測儀器：所要求的試驗(yàn)儀器信號(hào)應(yīng)是能夠產(chǎn)生，接收，放大，并在陰極射線管上顯示（CRT）的在特定頻率的高頻信號(hào)，并應(yīng)具有脈沖反射（回波），脈沖傳輸?shù)念愋驮O(shè)置。該儀器，如果試驗(yàn)要求，應(yīng)能以電子電路顯示，例如缺陷門閥和距離幅度修正，調(diào)整。一個(gè)21信號(hào)最低的信噪比是必須的，除非另有約定的購買者和供應(yīng)商要求。3.2.1.1 Instrument Linearity: The instrument performance characteristics shall be evaluated in accordance with ASTM E 317 except as follows儀器線性：該儀器的性能特點(diǎn)，應(yīng)符合ASTM 317的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，除非按照如下評(píng)價(jià)3.2.1.1.1 The calibration block used for evaluating vertical linearity shall be as shown in Figure 1.校準(zhǔn)塊用于評(píng)價(jià)應(yīng)垂直線性，如圖1所示。3.2.1.1.2 The vertical linearity plot and the tolerance limits shall be as shown in either Figure 2 or Figure 2A.垂直線性情節(jié)和所容忍的限度，應(yīng)在所示圖2和圖2A。3.2.1.1.3 The horizontal linearity check shall be made by plotting signal displacement against known thickness in the range of 1.0 to 5 inches (25.4 to 127 mm) in 1.0 inch (25.4 mm) increments; the allowable difference in thickness between that indicated by the signal displacement and the actual measured thickness shall be within 3% of the measured thickness of the respective block. Substitute performance checks are permissible when acceptable to purchaser.水平線性檢查應(yīng)由發(fā)射在1到5英寸（25.4至127毫米，1.0英寸（25.4毫米）遞增，在允許的厚度差別）范圍內(nèi)的信號(hào)通過位移厚度之間的反射差和已知的信號(hào)對(duì)比，位移判斷以實(shí)測厚度應(yīng)在 3厚度測量范圍來表示。買主接受允許的情況下可有補(bǔ)充性能的檢查。 3.2.1.2 Instrument Sensitivity: Instrument sensitivity or gain controls shall function so that a given amount or degree of sensitivity can be repeated or returned to with an accuracy of 10% of the original pip height. If signal attenuators are used, they shall be accurate over the attenuation range and test frequency used so that the attenuation measurement will represent an amplitude ratio within 10% of the correct value. The decibel (dB) attenuation value may be converted to an amplitude ratio by use of tables with dB versus voltage ratios. Alternately, it may be calculated from the relationship in Equation 1.儀器靈敏度：儀器的靈敏度或增益控制功能，能夠體現(xiàn)一個(gè)給定的數(shù)額或敏感程度參數(shù)可以重復(fù)或返回為原點(diǎn)子高度 10范圍的準(zhǔn)確度。如果使用了信號(hào)衰減器，應(yīng)當(dāng)在衰減的準(zhǔn)確范圍和使用，以便衰減測量將在正確值振幅比的 10范圍內(nèi)的測試頻率下進(jìn)行。分貝（dB）衰減值可以轉(zhuǎn)換成通過與分貝與電壓表使用的比率幅度比1。或者，它可能在計(jì)算公式1的關(guān)系。3.2.1.3 Voltage Regulation: If fluctuations in line voltage cause variations in the displayed signal amplitude or sweep length of 5% or greater, a power source voltage regulator shall be used. If fluctuations persist, proper adjustments to instrument or power source shall be made so that the system will operate within the 5% limits. Battery powered systems are exempt from this requirement but such systems shall not be operated when the power source is below the level t o achieve full vertical and horizontal display as viewed on the CRT graticule.電壓調(diào)節(jié)：如果線路電壓顯示的信號(hào)幅度或掃描的范圍在 5或更多，應(yīng)使用電源穩(wěn)壓器的長度變化波動(dòng)調(diào)節(jié)。如果波動(dòng)持續(xù)，適當(dāng)調(diào)整，應(yīng)規(guī)定，使該系統(tǒng)的運(yùn)作在 5的限制內(nèi)。電池供電的系統(tǒng)不受此規(guī)定，但這樣的系統(tǒng)，負(fù)值下面的顯示無法操作，以實(shí)現(xiàn)全面的縱向和橫向上的顯像管標(biāo)線效果顯示。3.2.1.4 Alarm: Test criteria and part configuration determine alarm use feasibility, and must be agreed upon by purchaser and vendor. Audible and/or visual alarms shall be used in conjunction with visual monitoring to identify signals which exceed the level established for the test. Alarm systems used for this purpose shall be capable of being adjusted to alarm at any point in the display range of the CRT and shall be automatically triggered within 10% of the set level. The sound level produced by the alarm during operation shall be sufficiently above ambient to ensure being heard by the operator.報(bào)警：測試標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和部分配置確定報(bào)警的可行性必須買方和供應(yīng)商經(jīng)同意，。聲響和/或視覺警報(bào)應(yīng)視覺監(jiān)控配合使用，以確定信號(hào)的測試超過規(guī)定的水平。警報(bào)系統(tǒng)用于這一目的應(yīng)是能夠被調(diào)整，警報(bào)隨時(shí)在CRT的顯示范圍點(diǎn)，并應(yīng)自動(dòng)在 10觸發(fā)設(shè)置水平。音量操作過程中所產(chǎn)生的警報(bào)應(yīng)足夠高于環(huán)境聲響，以確保操作者能聽到。3.2.2 Ultrasonic Search Units: Ultrasonic search units shall be of a piezoelectric type capable of both transmitting and receiving ultrasonic signals at the specific frequencies required by the test. When used with the ultrasonic test instrument, the search unit shall be capable of transmitting and receiving ultrasonic energy with a spectral distribution that includes the central frequency required for the test. The peak radiated frequency shall be within 0.5 MHz or 10%, whichever is greater, of the required frequency. This history of each search unit shall be maintained in an appropriate log and shall include type, style, frequency, serial number, and size. Beam profile checks, both axial and cross section, for immersion units may also be kept if required by purchaser.超聲波掃描裝置：超聲波掃描裝置是壓電材料對(duì)滿足發(fā)射和接收的兩種特定頻率的超聲波信號(hào)的測試所需的的分辨能力。當(dāng)使用超聲檢測的手段時(shí)，搜查裝置須能發(fā)送和接收的光譜分布，其中包括中心頻率的超聲波測試所需的能量。所需的頻率的輻射峰值頻率須在 0.5 MHz或 10，以較高者為準(zhǔn)。這種過程的每個(gè)搜索單位應(yīng)保持適當(dāng)?shù)挠涗洠?yīng)包括類型，樣式，頻率，序列號(hào)和大小。束流剖面檢查，都和軸向截面檢查，也須符合買方要求。3.2.2.1 Search Unit Dimensions and Styles: For both contact and immersion tests with either longitudinal or shear mode, the choice of transducer dimension, style, type, etc is dependent on the test and the approved test procedure. In general, for immersion testing, flat faced or corrected beam transducers with diameters 3/8 through 3/4 inch (9.5 mm through 19.0 mm) are acceptable. Contact units with a maximum area of 1 square inch (6.5 cm2) with 1/2 inch (12.7mm) minimum to 1-1/8 inches (28.6 mm) maximum dimensions are acceptable for longitudinal testing, while 1.0 inch x 1.0 inch (25.4 mm x 25.4 mm) or 1.0 inch x 1/2 inch (25.4 mm x 12.7 mm) transducers are acceptable for shear testing. Use of a focused, paint brush, liquid delay, special size, or other special transducer is acceptable when agreed upon by purchaser and vendor.掃描裝置尺寸和規(guī)格：對(duì)于接觸法和沉浸法運(yùn)用橫波或者縱波的測試，在傳感器尺寸，風(fēng)格，類型，選擇等依賴于測試和批準(zhǔn)的測試程序。一般來說，沉浸試驗(yàn)，單位表面或3 / 8有效直徑傳感器通過3 / 4英寸（9.5毫米，通過19.0毫米）是可以接受的。縱向測試的接觸單位為1平方英寸（6.5平方厘米）的最大面積1 / 2英寸（12.7），最低為1-1/8英寸（28.6毫米）最大尺寸是可以接受的，而1.0英寸 1.0英寸（ 25.4毫米 25.4毫米），或1.0英寸x 1 / 2英寸（25.4毫米 12.7毫米）傳感器橫波試驗(yàn)是可以接受的。注意的細(xì)節(jié)，接觸劑刷規(guī)格，液體延遲，特殊尺寸，或其他特殊傳感器使用時(shí)，買家和供應(yīng)商同意后是可以接受的。3.2.2.2 Test Frequencies: The frequency used shall be the highest practical frequency which will provide the penetration and resolution required; frequencies lower than 2.25 MHz when using the longitudinal mode or 1.0 MHz when using a shear mode shall not be used unless acceptable to purchaser.測試頻率：技術(shù)應(yīng)是切實(shí)可行的最高頻率，提供的滲透和分辨所要求的頻率，頻率低于2.25兆赫時(shí)使用縱波或1.0兆赫時(shí)使用橫波方式，該頻段除非買主接受，否則不得使用。3.2.2.3 Ultrasonic Beam Profiles for Immersion Units: The following are recommended, simplified (no special equipment required except a 3 mm ball) methods of finding Y+0 and distance amplitude curves and beam profiles. Complete performance parameters of ultrasonic transducers using special equipment are presented in ASTM E 1065. Other methods or techniques for obtaining the same or similar data may be used if acceptable to purchaser.超聲波束浸泡式裝置簡介：以下是簡化建議（沒有特殊的設(shè)備要求除3毫米球）尋找Y+0和距離振幅曲線和束剖面的方法。使用特殊設(shè)備成套超聲換能器性能參數(shù)列在ASTM的位置1065。如果買主接受可用其他方法或獲取相同或類似的數(shù)據(jù)。3.2.2.3.1 Axial Beam Profile: A distance amplitude curve of a transducer shall be plotted from measured energy reflected from a flat reflector having dimensions greater than twice the sound beam diameter. The curve shall be plotted through at least the following locations the near field (Y-1) location, at the far field peak (Y+0) location, and at the 3 and 6 dB locations referenced from the Y+0 point in both the near and far field directions. A distance amplitude curve shall be available before the transducer is put into service. The curve may be supplied by the manufacturer or the purchaser may make the curve. Subsequent periodic checks, at least annually, of the transducer shall include a distance amplitude curve which shall agree with the original curve within 20% for the transducer to be acceptable.軸向束簡介：一個(gè)傳感器距離振幅曲線的測量，應(yīng)能反映從劃分單位上有尺寸大于兩倍聲束直徑的反射。在繪制曲線應(yīng)至少通過以下點(diǎn)近場（Y-1）的位置，在遠(yuǎn)場峰值（Y+0）的位置，并在3和6從Y+0點(diǎn)均參照分貝的位置近及遠(yuǎn)場方向。而距離振幅曲線應(yīng)在提供換能器前投入使用。曲線模型也可以由制造商或購買者提供。隨后，定期檢查，至少每年換能器的距離包括振幅曲線應(yīng)保持在標(biāo)準(zhǔn)位置的 20。3.2.2.3.2 Cross Section Profile (Beam Symmetry): The ratio of beam widths shall be not less than 0.75:1 when measured to the 6 dB points in two directions, 90 degrees apart, across the beam at the Y+0 location. The measurements shall be made from energy reflected from a 0.118 inch (3.0 mm) diameter steel ball. Larger diameter balls than those specified in ASTM E 1065 may be used when agreed upon by purchaser and vendor.橫截面簡介（束對(duì)稱）：在除了90度至6分貝點(diǎn)上的光束外，位置Y+0的兩個(gè)方向束寬度的比例應(yīng)不低于0.75:1。在ASTM的位置比1065所指定的大直徑球時(shí)，0.118英寸（3.0毫米）直徑鋼珠測量應(yīng)對(duì)反射能量作出反映。購買者和供應(yīng)商同意后可以使用。3.2.2.4 Contact Test Angle-Beam Search Units: The exit point and exit angle of ultrasonic energy and depth profile of the sound beam shall be established for angle-beam search units. Search units with beam angles departing more than 3 degrees from manufacturers indicated values shall not be used. Such units may be requalified to a new angle by verifying proper operation and by reidentifying the unit to the correct new beam angle. The International Institute of Welding (IIW) ultrasonic reference block or an appropriate substitute may be used to test the exit angle of angle-beam search units.接觸測試角束掃描裝置：出口點(diǎn)和出口的超聲能量和深度的聲束齒形角應(yīng)設(shè)立角度束掃描裝置。光束偏離與制造商的指定值超過 3度的角度掃描裝置不得使用。該裝置可測量新的角度，核查正常運(yùn)作和識(shí)別到正確的新的光束角。在國際焊接學(xué)會(huì)（國際焊接學(xué)會(huì)）超聲波參考?jí)K或適當(dāng)?shù)奶娲房梢杂脕頊y試角度出口角度束搜索單位。3.2.3 Couplants: Shall be used for all tests. 偶合劑：適用于所有的測試。3.2.3.1 Immersion Method: Couplants for testing by the immersion method may include any appropriate fluid such as tap water, light oils, ethylene glycol, or alcohol. Such fluids may contain wetting agents to improve couplant properties or rust inhibitors to reduce influence of the fluid on the product under test. No fluid may be used which stains, etches, or otherwise affects the surface of the product under test. Any fluid used for immersion testing shall be free of visible air bubbles and shall not exhibit excessive attenuation at the test frequency. The immersion technique is defined to include any liquid delay such as bubblers, collimators, squirters, ultrasonic wheels, and immersion tanks.沉浸方法：適合浸漬法測試的偶合劑可包括任何適當(dāng)?shù)囊后w，如自來水，輕質(zhì)油，乙二醇，或酒精。這種液體可能含有潤濕劑改善耦合劑屬性或防銹劑，以減少對(duì)被測產(chǎn)品流體的影響。任何可用于液體的污漬，蝕刻，或以其他方式影響了產(chǎn)品表面下的測試。測試用的沉浸任何液體應(yīng)免除可見氣泡和不得出現(xiàn)在測試時(shí)頻率衰減過多。沉浸手法定義包括以下內(nèi)容，如bubblers，collimators, squirters, ultrasonic wheels, and immersion tanks.3.2.3.2 Contact Method: Couplants for testing by the contact method shall not be injurious to the product being tested. Couplant materials include any appropriate fluid such as water, light oils, lowviscosity greases, and penetrant emulsifiers. Rubber-like wear membranes may be used between the search unit and the test part to prevent excessive search unit wear provided such use is approved by purchaser. As surface roughness influences the sound energy, couplant viscosity may be varied as a function of surface roughness. Table 1 provides a guide for selection of direct contact couplant materials; other couplants of similar viscosity may be used. The contact technique is defined to include direct contact of a search unit with the test surface, use of contour surface wearshoes, and thin-film couplant techniques such as the pressurized fluid (water gap) system.接觸法：接觸法測試由于偶合劑得使用，避免了被測試產(chǎn)品的損傷。耦合劑的材料包括任何適當(dāng)?shù)囊后w，水，輕質(zhì)油，低密度油脂，乳化劑和滲透劑。掃描裝置和測試部分之間的橡膠防磨損膜，是為了防止過度磨損掃描裝置。提模式的這種使用須由買方批準(zhǔn)。由于表面粗糙度影響聲能，耦合劑粘度變化可以作為一種表面粗糙度的功能判定。表1提供了一個(gè)直接接觸耦合劑材料的選擇指南;其他類似的粘度可以使用耦合劑。接觸掃描技術(shù)的定義包括直接接觸的一個(gè)掃描裝置，測試表面，輪廓表面及斷面，如加壓液體（水差距）系統(tǒng)的薄膜耦合劑技術(shù)。表1 - 耦合劑材料近似表面粗糙度（的ANSI B46.1）耦合劑（汽車工程師協(xié)會(huì)J300）5100 RHR（0.1至2.5毫米）汽車工程師協(xié)會(huì)10機(jī)油50至125 RHR（1.2到3.2mm汽車工程師協(xié)會(huì)20機(jī)油）100至200 RHR（2.55.1毫米汽車工程師協(xié)會(huì)30機(jī)油）3.2.4 Ultrasonic Standards: Ultrasonic standards are required for all inspections. Calibration standards establish the performance of the inspection system. Reference standards interrelate the test results with reference reflectors. It is mandatory that the mater