外文翻譯--電動助力轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)

1 附錄 A 外文文獻 Electric Power Steering system 1. History In automobile development course, Steering system experienced four stages of development: from the initial mechanical Steering system (for your DNS setting Steering, abbreviation ) development for Hydraulic Steering system (Hydraulic Power Steering, abbreviation HPS), then again appeared electronically controlled Hydraulic Steering system (Electro Hydraulic Power Steering, abbreviation EHPS) and Electric Power Steering system (Steering, room Power as EPS). Assemble mechanical steering system of car parking and low-speed driving, when the drivers steering control burden too heavy, in order to solve this problem, the American GM in the 1950s took the lead in the car hydraulic steering system. But, hydraulic steering system cant juggle vehicles to speed portability and high speed, so the steering stability Koyo in Japan in 1983, with the company introduced the application of speed sensing function of hydraulic steering system. This new type of steering system can provide speed increased with the decreasing steering, but complicated structure, cost is higher, and cannot overcome hydraulic system itself has many shortcomings, is a cross between a hydraulic steering and electric power steering the transition between the products. In 1988, Japan Suzuki company first in small cars equipped with Cervo Koyo company development on the steering column, power type electric power steering system； In 1990, Japan Honda NSX in sports car company adopted self-developed rack power type electric power steering system, henceforth unveils the electric power steering in cars applications history 2. Working principle Electric power steering system are as follows: first, the working principle, torque sensor measured on steering wheel drivers on the manipulation of the moment, the wheel speed sensors detect the vehicle driving speed, then present the two signals to ECU； According to the built-in control strategy: ECU, calculates the ideal target booster torque, into current instructions to motor； Then, the power generated by the torque motor slowdown 2 institutions amplification on steering system in mechanical manipulation of the moment, and the driver together to overcome resistance torque, realize to the vehicle steering. 3. Working process Electric power steering system as traditional hydraulic system alternative products has entered into the auto manufacturing. And had predicted instead, EPS not only applicable to small cars, and some for 12V medium vehicle installed electric system. EPS system includes the following components: The torque sensor: detection steering wheel motion and vehicle motion situation； Electronic control units: according to provide the torque sensor the size of the signal computing power； Motor: according to the electronic control units； turn power output value generation Reduction gear: improve motor power, and produce turn it sends to steering mechanism. Other vehicle system control algorithm input information is provided by the car CAN bus (for example steering Angle and bus speed, etc.). Motor drive also need other information, such as motor rotor position and the three-phase motor sensor (current sensor provided). Motor control by four MOSFET, due to micro controller cannot direct drive of large gate capacitance, MOSFET using drive IC form needed the interface, for safety, complete motor control system must implement monitoring, motor control system integration in PCB, usually contains a relay, the relay use, as the main switch under the condition of the fault detection, disconnect motor and electronic control units. Micro control device must control EPS system and have brushless motor. Micro control device according to the torque sensor provide needed the steering wheel torque information, forming a current control loop. In order to improve the security of the system level, the micro control device should have an on-board oscillator, so even in external oscillator malfunction case, also ensure micro control device performance, also should have chip watchdog. Infineon XC886 integration of the company all the important micro control device component, other safety features for through the software to realize, if must implement safety standards IEC61508 industries, you have to finish all kinds of diagnosis and self-inspection task and increase micro control device work load. At present different customers use of torque sensor and rotor position sensor difference is very big. They use 3 different measuring principle, such as decomposing machine, magnetic resonance device, based on the integration of giant magnet or stance sensor. The role of power levels is switch electric current. The power level has two main functions: drive IC control and protection MOSFET, MOSFET itself and to be responsible for switch currents. MOSFET and partition. Micro control device PWM output port provides driver current and voltage is too low, cant directly connected with MOSFET screen realization. Drive IC role is to provide enough current, the grid to charge for MOSFET, so that in the and discharge 20kHz conditions, and ensure the normal realization switch for discretion side provides the high bar source voltage MOSFET, ensure that you get the low conduction resistance. If the high side MOSFET in open state, to source potential close battery level. Want to make MOSFET arrived at nominal conduction resistance, gate to higher than 8V source voltage. MOSFET completely conduction needed the most ideal voltage is required, therefore 10V or above a grid of potential than battery voltage 10V is higher. Charge pump is to ensure that the function to the largest extent reduce MOSFET power (even if low battery voltage conditions) circuit. The other key charge pump design according to different characteristics that can be PWM pattern request, achieve extremely low (low to 1%) and high rate of 390v (high to 100%). Drive IC another important function is testing, avoid damage to short-circuit mosfets, affected MOSFET will be closed, diagnosis submitted to micro control device. 4 附錄 B 外文文獻 的中文翻譯 電動助力轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng) 1.發(fā)展歷史 在 汽車 的發(fā)展歷程中，轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)經(jīng)歷了四個發(fā)展階段：從最初的機械式轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)（ Manual Steering，簡稱 MS）發(fā)展為液壓助力轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)（ Hydraulic Power Steering，簡稱 HPS），然后又出現(xiàn)了電控液壓助力轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)（ Electro Hydraulic Power Steering，簡稱 EHPS）和電動助力轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)（ Electric Power Steering，簡稱 EPS）。裝配機械式轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)的汽車，在泊車和低速行駛時 駕駛員 的轉(zhuǎn)向操縱負擔過于沉重，為了解決這個問題，美國 GM 公司在 20 世紀 50 年代率先在轎車上采用了液壓助力轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)。但是，液壓助力轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)無法兼顧車輛低速時 的轉(zhuǎn)向輕便性和高速時的轉(zhuǎn)向穩(wěn)定性，因此在 1983 年日本 Koyo 公司推出了具備車速 感應 功能的電控液壓助力轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)。這種新型的轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)可以隨著車速的升高提供逐漸減小的轉(zhuǎn)向助力，但是結(jié)構(gòu)復雜、造價較高，而且無法克服液壓系統(tǒng)自身所具有的許多缺點，是一種介于液 壓助力轉(zhuǎn)向和電動助力轉(zhuǎn)向之間的過渡產(chǎn)品。到了 1988 年，日本 Suzuki 公司首先在小型轎車 Cervo上配備了 Koyo 公司研發(fā)的轉(zhuǎn)向柱助力式電動助力轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)； 1990 年，日本 Honda 公司也在運動型轎車 NSX 上采用了自主研發(fā)的齒條助力式電動助力轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)， 從此揭開了電動助力轉(zhuǎn)向在汽車上應用的歷史 2.工作原理 電助力轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)的工作原理如下：首先， 轉(zhuǎn)矩傳感器 測出駕駛員施加在 轉(zhuǎn)向盤 上的操縱力矩，車速傳感器測出車輛當前的行駛速度，然后將這兩個信號傳遞給 ECU；ECU 根據(jù)內(nèi)置的控制策略，計算出理想的目標助力 力矩，轉(zhuǎn)化為電流指令給電機；然后，電機產(chǎn)生的助力力矩經(jīng)減速機構(gòu)放大作用在機械式轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)上，和駕駛員的操縱力矩一起克服轉(zhuǎn)向阻力矩，實現(xiàn)車輛的轉(zhuǎn)向。 3.工作過程 電動助力轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)（ EPS）作為傳統(tǒng)液壓系統(tǒng)的替代產(chǎn)品已經(jīng)進入汽車制造領(lǐng)域。與先前的預測相反， EPS 不僅適用于小型汽車，而且某些 12V 中型汽車也適于安裝電動系統(tǒng) 。 EPS 系統(tǒng)包含下列組件： 5 轉(zhuǎn)矩傳感器 ： 檢測轉(zhuǎn)向輪的運動情況和車輛的運動情況； 電控單元 ： 根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)矩傳感器提供的信號計算助力的大?。?電機 ： 根據(jù)電控單元輸出值生成轉(zhuǎn)動力； 減速齒輪 ： 提高電機產(chǎn)生 的轉(zhuǎn)動力，并將其傳送至轉(zhuǎn)向機構(gòu)。 其它車輛系統(tǒng)控制算法輸入信息是由汽車 CAN 總線提供的 (例如轉(zhuǎn)向角和汽車速度等等 )。 電機驅(qū)動 還需要其它信息，例如電機轉(zhuǎn)子位置 (電機傳感器提供 )和相電流 (電流傳感器提供 )。電機由四個 MOSFET 控制 ， 由于微控制器無法直接驅(qū)動 MOSFET 的大型柵電容，因此需要采用驅(qū)動 IC 形式的接口 ， 出于安全考慮，完整的電機控制系統(tǒng)必須實施監(jiān)控 ， 將電機控制系統(tǒng)集成在 PCB 上，通常包含一個繼電器，該繼電器可作為主開關(guān)使用，在檢測出故障的情況下，斷開電機與電控單元。