外文翻譯--驅(qū)動(dòng)橋的設(shè)計(jì)

附 錄 Drive axle powertrain at the end of their basic function is to increase the transmission came from the drive shaft or torque, and a reasonable distribution of power to the left and right wheel, in addition to acting on the road and under the frame or body legislation between the vertical, longitudinal and lateral force. General from the main drive axle reducer, differential, gear wheels and drive axle housings and other components. The design of the Drive axle: Drive axle should be designed to meet the basic requirements are as follows: 1. Select the main reduction ratio should be able to ensure the car has the best power and fuel economy. 2. Smaller size, to ensure that the necessary ground clearance. 3. Gear and other pieces of the work of a smooth transmission,and small noise. 4. In a variety of speed and load with a high transmission efficiency. 5. In ensuring adequate strength and stiffness conditions, should strive for the quality of small, especially under the mass-spring should be as small as possible in order to improve vehicle ride comfort. 6. And suspension movement-oriented coordination of steering drive axle, but also with the coordination of steering movement. 7. The structure of simple, good processing, manufacturing, easy disassembly, to facilitate adjustment. Drive axle classification At non-drive axle disconnect disconnect-style-type with two broad categories. 1. Non-disconnect-type drive axle Non-disconnect-type drive axle also known as integrated drive axle, the axle casing and the main shaft reducer with shell shell and connected to a rigid beam, which on both sides of the axle and wheel related to swing through the flexible connected with the frame components. It consists of drive axle housing 1, the main reducer, differential and axle components. 2. disconnect-type drive axle. Drive the use of independent suspension bridge, that is the main reducer shell fixed on the vehicle chassis, on both sides of the axle and wheel in the horizontal plane as opposed to relative movement of the body is referred to as drive off the bridge. In order to match with independent suspension, the main reducer shell fixed at the frame (or body), the drive axle housing sub connected through the hinge, or in addition to the main reducer shell outside the shell is no longer driven to other parts of the bridge. Wheel in order to meet the needs of independent jump up and down, between the differential and the wheel axle of the above connection between the use of universal joints. Drive axle components Driven mainly by the main bridge reducer, differential, axle and drive axle housings and other components. 1. Main reducer assembly Used to change the main drive reducer general direction, to reduce speed and increase torque, and ensure there is sufficient car drivers and the appropriate speed skin. More types of the main reducer, a single-stage, dual-class, two-speed, such as Wheel Speed Reducer. 1) single-stage main reducer Reduction gear by a slowdown in the realization of the devices, called single-stage reducer. Its structure is simple, light weight, such as Dongfeng BQl090 type light and medium-sized trucks on a wide range of applications. 2) two-stage main reducer Larger number of heavy-duty trucks, require a larger reduction ratio, the main use of a single-stage reducer drive, moving from gear to be larger in diameter will affect the drive axle of the ground clearance, so the use of two slowdown. Often referred to as two-stage reducer. There are two sets of two-stage reduction gear reducer, speed the realization of the two by twisting. In order to enhance the meshing gear pair taper and strength of a smooth, slow down the first-class pair of spiral bevel gear is. Gears 2 is inclined gear teeth due to prop. Take the initiative to rotate bevel gear, gear driven rotary driven round silver, thus completing a slowdown. Active second stage cylindrical gear reducer and the driven bevel gear coaxial with the rotation, and drive gear driven rotating cylinder, a second-class speed. Due to the driven gear mounted on the cylindrical shell on the differential, so that when the driven gear rotating cylinder, through the differential and drive axle that is, the rotation of the wheels. 2. Differential Differential is designed to connect the axle around, on both sides of the wheels can rotate at different angular torque transfer at the same time. To ensure the normal scroll wheel. Some multi-bridge-driven cars, in the sub-actuator type or in the transmission through the shaft is also equipped with a differential, known as the bridge between the differential. Its role is to turn in the car or on uneven road surface, so that drive wheels before and after the differential between the role. At present, China-made cars and other types of vehicles in the basic use of symmetric ordinary differential bevel gear. Symmetric by the planetary bevel gear differential gear, axle gears, planetary gear axis (cross-axis or a direct-axis) and the differential composition of the shell and so on. At present the majority of planetary gear-type motor vehicles using differential and ordinary differential bevel gear cone by two or four planet gears, planetary gear shaft, the two cone axle differential gear, and about the composition of the shell and so on. 3.Auto semi-axle Axle is the differential torque and then came to the wheels, drive wheels spin, promote the solid axle car. As a result of the installation of wheel structure, and the forces of the axle are also different. Therefore, divided into full-floating axle, semi-floating, 3 / 4, three types of floating. 1) full-floating axle Generally large and medium-sized used car floating the whole structure. Axle with the inner end of the spline axle with the differential gear connected to the outer end of the axle forging a flange with bolts and wheel hub to connect. Wheel away from the more distant of two tapered roller bearings for the text on the axle casing. Rear axle shell casing pressure and one pair to form the drive axle housing. Supporting the use of such forms, axle and axle housing no direct link so that only bear the drive axle torque without bearing any moment, the axle referred to as full-floating axle. The so-called floating, meaning not subject to bending load axle. Full-floating axle, the outer end flange plate for one made with the axis. But there are also a number of trucks to make a separate flange parts, and by nested spline outer end in the axle. Thus, at both ends of the axle spline, you can use for the first. 2) semi-floating axle Semi-floating axle with the inner end of the same floating, not subject to bending and torsion. Away from direct client support through a bearing in the axle of the inner shell. This approach will support the outer end axle bearing moment. Therefore, this short-sleeve in addition to transfer torque, but also to sustain the local moment, it is known as the semi-floating axle. This structure is mainly used in small passenger cars. License Hongqi CA7560 icon for the type of drive axle limousine. Axle from the inner end of its moment, out client has to bear all the moment, so called semi-floating bearing. 3) 3 / 4 floating axle 3 / 4 floating axle is affected by the degree of bending between the short semi-floating and full floating between. At present the application of this type halfshaft few pickup truck only on individual applications such as Warsaw, M20 vehicles. 4. Automobile axle housing: 1) the overall shell-style bridge Bridge shell due to the overall strength and stiffness performance, ease of main reducer installation, adjustment and maintenance, and are widely used. Integral axle housing due to different manufacturing methods can be divided into the overall foundry type, pressed into the middle of casting steel pipe and welded steel plate, such as stamping. 2) sub-type drive axle housing Sub-type axle housing will generally be divided into two sections, from two sections of a connecting bolt. Sub-type axle housing casting and processing easier. 附 錄 驅(qū)動(dòng)橋處于動(dòng)力傳動(dòng)系的末端，其基本功能是增大由傳動(dòng)軸或變速器傳來的轉(zhuǎn)矩，并將動(dòng)力合理的分配給左、右驅(qū)動(dòng)輪，另外還承受作用于路面和車架或車身之間的垂直立、縱向力和橫向力。驅(qū)動(dòng)橋一般由主減速器、差速器、車輪傳動(dòng)裝置和驅(qū)動(dòng)橋殼等組成。 驅(qū)動(dòng)橋的設(shè)計(jì)： 驅(qū)動(dòng)橋設(shè)計(jì)應(yīng)當(dāng)滿足如下基本要求： 1.選擇的主減速比應(yīng)能保證汽車具有最佳的動(dòng)力性和燃料經(jīng)濟(jì)性。 2.外形尺寸要小，保證有必要的離地間隙。 3.齒輪及其他傳動(dòng)件工作平穩(wěn)，噪聲小。 4.在各種轉(zhuǎn)速和載荷下具 有高的傳動(dòng)效率。 5.在保證足夠的強(qiáng)度、剛度條件下，應(yīng)力求質(zhì)量小，尤其是簧下質(zhì)量應(yīng)盡量小，以改善汽車平順性。 6.與懸架導(dǎo)向機(jī)構(gòu)運(yùn)動(dòng)協(xié)調(diào)，對(duì)于轉(zhuǎn)向驅(qū)動(dòng)橋，還應(yīng)與轉(zhuǎn)向機(jī)構(gòu)運(yùn)動(dòng)相協(xié)調(diào)。 7.結(jié)構(gòu)簡單，加工工藝性好，制造容易，拆裝、調(diào)整方便。 驅(qū)動(dòng)橋的分類 驅(qū)動(dòng)橋分非斷開式與斷開式兩大類。 1非斷開式驅(qū)動(dòng)橋 非斷開式驅(qū)動(dòng)橋也稱為整體式驅(qū)動(dòng)橋，其半軸套管與主減速器殼均與軸殼剛性地相連一個(gè)整體梁，因而兩側(cè)的半軸和驅(qū)動(dòng)輪相關(guān)地?cái)[動(dòng)，通過彈性元件與車架相連。它由驅(qū)動(dòng)橋殼 1，主減速器，差速器和半 軸組成。 2斷開式驅(qū)動(dòng)橋 驅(qū)動(dòng)橋采用獨(dú)立懸架，即主減速器殼固定在車架上，兩側(cè)的半軸和驅(qū)動(dòng)輪能在橫向平面相對(duì)于車體有相對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)的則稱為斷開式驅(qū)動(dòng)橋。 為了與獨(dú)立懸架相配合，將主減速器殼固定在車架（或車身）上，驅(qū)動(dòng)橋殼分段并通過鉸鏈連接，或除主減速器殼外不再有驅(qū)動(dòng)橋殼的其它部分。為了適應(yīng)驅(qū)動(dòng)輪獨(dú)立上下跳動(dòng)的需要，差速器與車輪之間的半軸各段之間用萬向節(jié)連接。 驅(qū)動(dòng)橋的組成 驅(qū)動(dòng)橋主要由主減速器、差速器、半軸和驅(qū)動(dòng)橋殼等組成。 1主減速器 主減速器一般用來改變傳動(dòng)方向，降低轉(zhuǎn)速，增大扭矩 ，保證汽車有足夠的驅(qū)動(dòng)力和適當(dāng)?shù)乃倨?。主減速器類型較多，有單級(jí)、雙級(jí)、雙速、輪邊減速器等。 1）單級(jí)主減速器 由一對(duì)減速齒輪實(shí)現(xiàn)減速的裝置，稱為單級(jí)減速器。其結(jié)構(gòu)簡單，重量輕，東風(fēng) BQl090 型等輕、中型載重汽車上應(yīng)用廣泛。 2）雙級(jí)主減速器 對(duì)一些載重較大的載重汽車，要求較大的減速比，用單級(jí)主減速器傳動(dòng)，則從動(dòng)齒輪的直徑就必須增大，會(huì)影響驅(qū)動(dòng)橋的離地間隙，所以采用兩次減速。通常稱為雙級(jí)減速器。雙級(jí)減速器有兩組減速齒輪，實(shí)現(xiàn)兩次減速增扭。 為提高錐形齒輪副的嚙合平穩(wěn)性和強(qiáng)度，第一級(jí)減速齒 輪副是螺旋錐齒輪。二級(jí)齒輪副是斜齒 圓柱 齒輪。 主動(dòng)圓錐齒輪旋轉(zhuǎn)，帶動(dòng)從動(dòng)圓銀齒輪旋轉(zhuǎn)，從而完成一級(jí)減速。第二級(jí)減速的主動(dòng)圓柱齒輪與從動(dòng)圓錐齒輪同軸而一起旋轉(zhuǎn)，并帶動(dòng)從動(dòng)圓柱齒輪旋轉(zhuǎn)，進(jìn)行第二級(jí)減速。因從動(dòng)圓柱齒輪安裝于差速器外殼上，所以，當(dāng)從動(dòng)圓柱齒輪轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)時(shí)，通過差速器和半軸即驅(qū)動(dòng)車輪轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)