高考英語一輪復習語法專項七定語從句課件外研版.ppt

七、定語從句,考點15組易混關系代詞的用法辨析1.只用that不用which的情況(1)先行詞是all,much,little,something,everything,anything,nothing,none等不定代詞時。*Allthatyouneedtodoisfocusononething.,(2)先行詞被theonly,any,few,no,very等修飾時。*Australiaistheonlycountrythatisalsoacontinent.(3)先行詞是形容詞的最高級或序數(shù)詞或被形容詞最高級、序數(shù)詞修飾時。*ThisisthemostinterestingfilmthatIveeverseen.(4)先行詞為人、物并用時。*Doyouknowthethingsandpersonsthattheyaretalkingabout?,(5)主句的主語是疑問詞who或which時。*Whichisthebikethatyoulost?(6)先行詞在主句中作表語,而關系代詞也在從句中作表語時。*Shandongisnolongertheprovincethatitusedtobe.,2.只用which不用that的情況(1)關系代詞前有介詞時。*IsthisthehouseinwhichShakespearewasborn?(2)引導非限制性定語從句時。*Beforepeopleretire,theyusuallyplantodoalotofgreatthings,whichtheyneverhadtimetodowhileworking.,(3)先行詞為that/those時。*Whatsthatwhichwasputinthecar?(4)which用作定語時。*Hemaybelate,inwhichcaseweoughttowaitforhim.,3.thesame.as與thesame.thatthesame.as表示相似或同類的東西;thesame.that表示同一人或物Thisisthesamebookashelentmelastweek.這與他上星期借給我的那本書屬于同一類。Thisisthesamebookthathelentmelastweek.這是他上星期借給我的那本書。,4.such/so.as與such/so.thatsuch/so.as(定語從句)像那樣(as在從句中作主語、賓語等);such/so.that(狀語從句)如此以至于(that在從句中不作任何成分)ThisissuchaneasyquestionasIcananswer.ThisissuchaneasyquestionthatIcananswerit.,5.as與which(1)as引導的非限制性定語從句既可以放在主句前,也可以放在主句后,有時還可插入主句中。which引導的非限制性定語從句通常放在主句之后。(2)as意為“正如”,后面的謂語動詞多用see,know,expect,say,mention,report等;which意為“這一點”或“這件事”等。,NeedforSpeedisaverysuccessfulfilm,asisknowntoall.Thesportsmeetingwasputoff,whichastonishedus.,【典例剖析】用適當?shù)年P系詞填空(2014安徽高考)Theexactyear_AngelaandherfamilyspenttogetherinChinawas2008.,解題關鍵:本題先行詞為year,考生首先會想到when。但當先行詞為時間、地點名詞時,用關系副詞還是關系代詞取決于該詞在定語從句中充當什么句子成分。本題定語從句中的謂語動詞spent為及物動詞,故從句中缺少賓語,關系詞代替先行詞作其賓語。答案判定:which/that,【高考題組】用適當?shù)年P系詞填空/改錯1.(2014全國卷)Maybeyouhaveahabit_isdrivingyourfamilycrazy.2.(2015全國卷)Thecitys“psychologycafes”,_offergreatcomfort,areamongthemostpopularplaces.3.(2015全國卷)Trustisalearnedbehavior_wegainfrompastexperiences.,that/which,which,that/which,4.(2013全國卷)Havingteainthelateafternoonprovidesabridgebetweenlunchanddinner,thatmightnotbeserveduntil8oclockatnight.(改錯)_,that改為which,考點2關系代詞who,whom,whose1.who和whom的用法(1)先行詞為one,ones,anyone,those指代人時或表示人的名詞時。*ThepersonIwanttotalkaboutwithyouisTuYouyou,theonewhowontheNobelPrizeformedicinein2015.,(2)在Therebe結構中,修飾主語的定語從句宜用關系代詞who指代人。*Theresagentlemanwhowantstoseeyou.(3)一個句子中帶有兩個修飾人的定語從句,其中一個定語從句的關系代詞是that,另一個宜用who以避免重復。*Thestudentthatwaspraisedatyesterdaysmeetingisthemonitorwhoisverymodestandworksveryhard.,(4)當關系代詞前面有介詞時,只能用whom,whom在定語從句中作介詞的賓語時,介詞可放在后面,也可提前構成介詞+whom(先行詞指人)結構。*Thesettlementishometonearly1,000people,manyofwhomlefttheirvillagehomesforabetterlifeinthecity.,2.whose的用法whose指人或物,作定語,表示“的”,可轉換為“of+關系代詞”,指人時可用ofwhom;指物時可用ofwhich。*Theprizewillgotothewriterwhosestory/ofwhomthestoryshowsthemostimagination.,【點津】關系代詞在定語從句中作主語時,從句謂語動詞的人稱和數(shù)要和先行詞保持一致。*Tomistheonlyoneoftheengineerswhohascomeupwiththesolution.,【典例剖析】用適當?shù)年P系詞填空(2016全國卷)SomepeoplethinkthatthegreatChinesescholarConfucius,_livedfromroughly551to479B.C.,influencedthedevelopmentofchopsticks.,解題關鍵:該句為非限制性定語從句,先行詞是Confucius,定語從句中缺少主語,應用who引導定語從句。答案判定:who,【高考題組】用適當?shù)年P系詞填空1.(2016北京高考)Ilivenextdoortoacouple_childrenoftenmakealotofnoise.2.(2015全國卷)Thisyear,25,310students_haveacceptedplacesinhighereducationinstitutionshaveputofftheirentryuntilnextyear.,whose,who,3.(2015全國卷)Students_takeawell-plannedyearoutaremorelikelytobesatisfiedwith,andcomplete,theirchosencourse.4.(2015陜西高考)Asalesman_isnotpunctualmaynotmakeasaleifhearriveslateforanappointment.,who,who,考點3關系副詞when,where,why1.when的用法先行詞為“時間名詞”,可用when引導定語從句,when在定語從句中作狀語,也可用“介詞+which”結構代替。*Thedaysaregonewhenphysicalstrengthwasallyouneededtomakealiving.,2.where的用法(1)先行詞是“地點名詞”,定語從句可用where引導,where在從句中作狀語,也可用“介詞+which”結構代替。*Theupperfloorisaquietzonewithoverathousandplacesforsilentreading,andplaceswhereyoucansitandworkwithyourowncomputer.,(2)如果定語從句修飾point,situation,position,condition和case等表示抽象意義的詞,常用where引導,意思是“到了某種地步,在某種境況下”(前提是從句中缺少狀語)。*Youreachapointwheremedicinecanthelp.,3.why的用法先行詞是表示原因的名詞reason時,可以用why引導定語從句,why在定語從句中作原因狀語,也可用forwhich替代?？梢园汛藭r的句子牢記為一個固定句型,即Thereasonwhy.is/wasthat.,意為“的原因是”。,*Thereasonwhy/forwhichhedidntattendthemeetingwasthathewasill.,【點津】(1)選擇關系代詞或關系副詞的原則:在選擇關系詞時,最重要的是分析定語從句中所缺的成分。若從句中缺主語、賓語、定語或表語,必須用關系代詞;若從句中不缺主語、賓語、定語或表語,必須用關系副詞。,*Thisisthemountainvillagethat/whichIvisitedlastyear.(關系詞在從句中作賓語)*IwillneverforgetthedaywhenmyfatherreturnedfromAmerica.(關系詞在從句中作狀語),(2)當way表示方法、方式作先行詞,且后面的定語從句缺方式狀語時可以用that或inwhich引導,也可以省略關系詞。如果后面定語從句中缺少賓語,要用that或which引導,也可以省略關系詞。*Idontlikethewaythat/inwhich/不填hespeakstohismother.,【典例剖析】用適當?shù)年P系詞填空(2016全國卷)ButmyconnectionwithpandasgoesbacktomydaysonaTVshowinthemid-1980s,_IwasthefirstWesternTVreporterpermittedtofilmaspecialunitcaringforpandasrescuedfromstarvationinthewild.,解題關鍵:此處表示當時我是第一個西方記者,根據(jù)句子結構可知,本句是一個非限制性定語從句,其先行詞為mid-1980s,故應該使用when表示時間。答案判定:when,【高考題組】用適當?shù)年P系詞填空1.(2016天津高考)Wewillputoffthepicnicintheparkuntilnextweek,_theweathermaybebetter.2.(2015湖北高考)Thereason_theponiesherearenaughtyisthatHaytorisatourist-heavyarea.,when,why,3.(2015廣東高考)Whenharvestcamearound,hewasalreadysellingherbs,vegetablesandcottoninthemarket_peoplefromthetownsmetregularly.4.(2014全國卷)Thehardwoodforests_passengerpigeonsnestedhadbeendamagedbyAmericansneedforwood.,where,where,考點4介詞+關系代詞的6個考查點1.考查定語從句中動詞與介詞的搭配*Windpowerisanancientsourceofenergytowhichwemayreturninthenearfuture.2.考查定語從句中形容詞與介詞的搭配習慣*HereferredmetosomereferencebookswithwhichIamnotveryfamiliar.,3.考查根據(jù)句意或者先行詞與介詞的搭配習慣確定介詞*Iamlookingformyglasses,withoutwhichIcantwatchTVclearly.,4.考查表示所屬關系的ofwhich/whom*Sheshowedthevisitorsaroundthemuseum,theconstructionofwhich/whoseconstructionhadtakenmorethanthreeyears.注意:the+n.+ofwhich(whom)可與whose+n.互換。,5.考查表示整體與部分關系的ofwhich/whom*Thebuses,mostofwhichwerealreadyfull,weresurroundedbytheangrycrowd.6.考查表示同位關系的