初一年級(jí)(上冊(cè))英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)大全.docVIP

. .初一上冊(cè)英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)大全1. Aa Bb Cc Dd Ee Ff Gg Hh Ii Jj Kk Ll Mm Nn Oo Pp Qq Rr Ss Tt Uu Vv Ww Xx Yy Zz元音字母：Aa Ee Ii Oo Uu輔音字母：Bb Cc Dd Ff Gg Hh Jj Kk Ll Mm Nn Pp Qq Rr Ss Tt Vv Ww Xx Yy Zz2. 字母發(fā)音與單詞拼讀3. 成分：主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，定語(yǔ)Starter Unit 1 Good morning1. 關(guān)于英語(yǔ)名字的性別Name List:First name/ given name:Male (Boys name)：Bob, Dale, Eric, Frank, Alan, Tom, Mike, Jack, Paul, John, David, Bill, Female (Girls name): Alice, Cindy, Grace, Helen, Gina, Jenny, Mary, Linda, Jane, Sally, Kate, Anna Last name/ family name: Brown, Miller, Green, Smith2. 基本句型a.Hello (Hi)!Hello (Hi)!b.Good morning (Morning)!Good morning (Morning)!Good Afternoon (Afternoon)!Good Afternoon (Afternoon)!Good Evening (Evening)!Good Evening (Evening)!c.How are you?Im fine (Fine), thanks. How are you (And you)?Im Ok.(Im = I am)Starter Unit 2 Whats this in English?1. 不定冠詞a/an英語(yǔ)中，不定冠詞a/an 用于名詞之前，泛指“一個(gè)”。當(dāng)所修飾的名詞發(fā)音為輔音字母開(kāi)頭時(shí)，就用不定冠詞a; 當(dāng)所修飾的名詞發(fā)音為元音字母開(kāi)頭時(shí)，就用不定冠詞an。例如，a key, a jacket, a map; an apple, an egg, an orange。2. 基本句型Whats this in English?Its a / an + 實(shí)物名稱.Spell it, please ( How to spell it? ). K-E-Y. (單詞字母大寫(xiě))( Whats this in English? = Whats the English for sth.?; Its = It is)Starter Unit 3 What color is it?基本句型：a.The key is + 顏色. (The key is yellow.) b.Whats this ( in English) ?Its (Its a/an + 實(shí)物)Spell it, please. ( How to spell it)?K-E-Y. (單詞字母大寫(xiě))What color is it?Its + 顏色. Unit 1 My names Gina.1. 英語(yǔ)國(guó)家的姓和名a. 姓(Last name/Family name); 名(First name/Given name)b. 英語(yǔ)姓名和漢語(yǔ)姓名的位置順序不同。漢語(yǔ)中，姓+名；英語(yǔ)中，名+姓。c. 在非正式場(chǎng)合和熟人之間，英語(yǔ)國(guó)家的人往往直呼其名。在正式場(chǎng)合和陌生人之間，人們常常在姓氏前面加上Mr.(先生), Ms.(女士), Mrs.(夫人，太太)等稱謂。例如，Mr. Black/ Ms. Green/ Mrs. Miller. 2. 人稱代詞（主格），人稱代詞（賓格），形容詞性物主代詞人稱代詞（主格）I you he/she/it we they人稱代詞（賓格）Me you him/her/It us them形容詞性物主代詞(+名詞)My your his/her/its our their3. 基本句型a.Hello/Hi/Good morning, My names Gina. Whats your name?Im Jenny. Nice to meet you!Nice to meet you, too!b. Whats your name? 你叫什么名字？My names Helen. = My name is Helen. = Im Helen. = I am Helen. 我叫海倫。Whats his name?His names Jack. = His name is Jack. = Hes Jack. = He is Jack. whats her name?Her names Mary. = Her name is Mary. = Shes Mary. = She is Mary. c. Are you Helen? 你是海倫嗎？Yes, I am.是的，我是。 / No, Im not. 不，我不是。d. Is he/she Jack/Helen? 他/她是杰克/海倫嗎？Yes, he/she is. 是的，他/她是。/ No, he/she isnt. 不，他/她不是。4. 縮略與完整形式Whats = what is Names = name is Im = I amHes = he is Shes = she is Isnt = is not.5. Numbersa. Zero one two three four five six seven nine ten b. Telephone number = phone number 電話號(hào)碼c. Whats your telephone number/phone number?Its + 數(shù)字. 6. ID card 身份證；（個(gè)人身份）信息卡a.First nameMaryLast nameMillerTelephone number/phone number271-988756b. 公共電話號(hào)碼120， 114， 110，119我國(guó)公共服務(wù)電話。911美國(guó)報(bào)警電話。Unit 2 This is my sister.1. 文化差異在我國(guó)，家庭親屬成員之間的稱謂可體現(xiàn)出性別，長(zhǎng)幼，血緣關(guān)系的親疏等。例如，性別：爺爺，奶奶；長(zhǎng)幼：哥哥，妹妹；血緣關(guān)系的親疏：爺爺，外公，哥哥，表哥，堂哥等。通過(guò)稱呼便可得知雙方的基本關(guān)聯(lián)信息。而在英語(yǔ)國(guó)家，在稱呼中對(duì)輩分，性別，長(zhǎng)幼與血緣關(guān)系親疏不做細(xì)分。例如，grandfather/grandpa 既可指爺爺，也可指外公；sister既可指姐姐，也可指妹妹；uncle 與aunt 不僅指父親一方的兄弟、姐妹或他們的配偶，同時(shí)也指母親一方的兄弟、姐妹或她們的配偶；cousin則泛指堂兄、堂弟、堂姐、堂妹以及表兄、表弟、表姐、表妹。2. Family：表示家庭成員時(shí)(families)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)；表示整個(gè)家庭時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)；表示很多家庭時(shí)(families)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。3. Family TreeGrandfather = grandpa grandmother = grandma father = dad mother = mom Uncle aunt sister brother daughter son cousin Grandmother=grandmaGrandfather=grandpa UncleAunt Mother=momFather= dadBrotherSister Brother DaughterCousin4. This that those these This 這，這個(gè)：后面接謂語(yǔ)單數(shù)形式That 那，那個(gè)：后面接謂語(yǔ)單數(shù)形式These 這些：后面接謂語(yǔ)復(fù)數(shù)形式Those 那些：后面接謂語(yǔ)復(fù)數(shù)形式And 和，又，而Too 也5基本句型a. Thats my family. = That is my family. Thosere my brothers. = Those are my brothers. Whos she/he? = Who is she/he? Whore they? = Who are they? And whos she/he? = And who is she/he?b. (Well,) Have a good day, Sally! Thanks(=Thank you)! You, too. c. Here are two nice photos of my family. = Two nice photos of my family are here. 這兒有兩張我家美好的全家福。（倒裝句，將Here地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)are提前，主語(yǔ)置后。作文加分句。選擇題常見(jiàn)。）Unit 3 Is this your pencil?1.人稱代詞（主格）I you he/she/it we they人稱代詞（賓格）Me you him/her/it us them形容詞性物主代詞(+名詞)My you his/her/its our their名詞性物主代詞Mime yours his/hers/its ours theirs形容詞性物主代詞：其后接名詞：for example: her watch名詞性物主代詞：相當(dāng)于形容詞無(wú)助代詞加了名詞：for example:Is this your watch? No, its not mime. It is hers.2. “s”a. It is a pen. = Its a pen 它是一只鋼筆。 (此處s 是Be動(dòng)詞的一種形式，表示單數(shù)。)b. Hes Helens father. = He is Helens father. 他是海倫的父親。 (靠前的s意義同上?？亢蟮膕表示名詞所有格，用于名詞的后邊，表示：的。)3. This和that 做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，疑問(wèn)句的回答要用it。 These 和those做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，疑問(wèn)句的回來(lái)用they . For example: Is this your pencil? Yes, it is. Its mime. / No, it isnt. its hers. Are those her books? yes, they are. Theyre hers./ No, they arent. Theyre mime.4. 基本句型a. Is this your pencil?Yes, it is. (Its mime.)/ No, it isnt. its hers.Is that his green pen? Yes, it is. Its mime. / No, it isnt. its his.Are these your books?Yes, they are. They are mime. / No, they arent. Theyre hers.Are those his keys?Yes, they are. They are his./ No, they arent. Theyre his. b. Excuse me. 勞駕，打擾了。（常用于詢問(wèn)、求助或請(qǐng)求前。）For example: Excuse me, Grace. Is this your pencil? yes, it is. Its mime. / No, it isnt. its his. c. What about?/How about?(what about用于非正式場(chǎng)合中對(duì)所談話題進(jìn)行反問(wèn)，或征求對(duì)方意見(jiàn)，表示“怎么樣呢？”“又如何呢?” what about? = How about?) , 可接名詞，代詞或動(dòng)詞-ing形式。 For example: Id. Thank you for your help. = Thanks for your help. Youre welcome. e. Lost and Found.失物招領(lǐng)處f. Ask sb. for it. (sb. = somebody) 去某某某那兒拿。/到某某某那兒領(lǐng)。For example: ask the teacher for it. Ask the office for it. g. E-mail sb. at + 郵箱Call sb. at + 電話號(hào)碼Please meet sb. at + 地址h. A set of sth. 一套, 一副.For example: a set of keys一串鑰匙 A set of books 一套書(shū)籍 A set of music CDs. 一套音樂(lè)光碟i Must 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞（放于動(dòng)詞前）For example: I must go now. Unit 4. Wheres my schoolbag?1. 介詞on, in, under.a. on表示在上面(與物體表面接觸)。如：on the table在桌子上on the wall在墻上The cup is on the table. 茶杯在餐桌上。My books are on the desk. 我的書(shū)在書(shū)桌上。b. in 表示在內(nèi)(中)(在某一范圍之內(nèi))。如：in the room 在房間里in the box 在盒子里in Grade Three 在三年級(jí)My pen is in the pencil-box. 我的鋼筆在文具盒里。There is a fox in the box. 有一只狐貍在盒子里。c. under 表示在下面(方)。如：under the bed 在床下面under the tree 在樹(shù)下面My shoes are under the bed. 我的鞋在床下面。His bike is under the tree. 他的自行車在樹(shù)下面。2. 基本句型 Wheres the map? = Where is the map?Its in your grandparents room. = It is in your grandparents room.Where are my books?Theyre on the sofa. = They are on the sofa.Is the key on the table?Yes, it is. Its on the table./ No, it isnt. its on the sofa.Are the keys in the box?Yes, they are. Theyre in the box. / No, they arent. Theyre on the table.(wheres = where is)3 疑問(wèn)句的句式總結(jié)a. 疑問(wèn)詞（Where，Who，How，What）+謂語(yǔ)+定語(yǔ)+主語(yǔ)？b. 謂語(yǔ)（Is/ Are）+主語(yǔ)+狀語(yǔ)（In/On/Under）？(表示一種猜測(cè))For example: where is my map? = wheres my map? 我的地圖在哪兒？ Is it on the table? 它在桌上嗎？Unit 5 Do you have a soccer ball?1. 關(guān)于英語(yǔ)中球類運(yùn)動(dòng)的詞匯a. Tennis和tennis ball兩者都表示“網(wǎng)球”之意，意義卻完全不相同：Tennis 是指運(yùn)動(dòng)項(xiàng)目名稱，即“網(wǎng)球運(yùn)動(dòng)”；Tennis Ball則指具體的“球”，有單復(fù)數(shù)之分。例如：a tennis ball一個(gè)網(wǎng)球；some tennis balls一些網(wǎng)球。b. Have a basketball 和 play basketballHave a basketball 是指“有一個(gè)籃球”， play basketball 是指“打籃球”。籃球運(yùn)動(dòng)，不需要使用其他詞匯進(jìn)行限定籃球，加不定冠詞a2. Let sb. do sth. (sb. = somebody, do表示謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞, sth.= something)Lets = let us: lets play. Lets ask. Lets play computer game. Let me get it. 讓我去拿。Please let your little brother play. 3. I thinkI think “我認(rèn)為，我想”。用來(lái)表達(dá)自己的判斷或想法，課放在自己的觀點(diǎn)面前或后面。For example: I think hes your brother. You can play the computer game, I think.4. That sounds good.Sound 表示“聽(tīng)上去.， 聽(tīng)起來(lái).，聽(tīng)著”。例如：That sounds interesting. 那聽(tīng)起來(lái)挺有趣的。5. do和does的用法 do 是原形does 是do 的第三人稱單數(shù)形式）a. 作為行為動(dòng)詞，跟其他動(dòng)詞一樣，如study, play等。他的意思是“做”等。如： We usually do our homework in the afternoon. He does his homework in the evening. b. 作為助動(dòng)詞，也就是幫助主要?jiǎng)釉~構(gòu)成否定和疑問(wèn)等。 We dont like bananas. 我們不喜歡香蕉。Do you like apples? 你喜歡蘋(píng)果嗎？Does he like English?他喜歡英語(yǔ)嗎？ He doesnt like swimming. 他不喜歡游泳。上面有一句He does his homework in the evening.（他在晚上做作業(yè)）要是變成否定句就成了這個(gè)樣子： He doesnt do his homework in the evening. （他晚上沒(méi)有做作業(yè)）（這里加上了助動(dòng)詞doesnt，而原來(lái)的主動(dòng)詞does變成原形do了。 ） c. 作為助動(dòng)詞的do和does是沒(méi)有詞義的，它們?cè)诰渲械臉?gòu)成一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的疑問(wèn)句和否定句. Do用于主語(yǔ)第一人稱，第二人稱和第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)形式的疑問(wèn)句，陳述句和否定句中，does用于主語(yǔ)第三人稱單數(shù)的陳述句中。 For example: Do you want to be a teacher? 你想成為一個(gè)老師