2019_2020學(xué)年高中英語(yǔ)Unit21HumanBiologySectionⅦWriting——議論文寫作講義北師大版選修7.docx

Section Writing議論文寫作一、體裁介紹1議論文的結(jié)構(gòu)和上下文的連貫性對(duì)于議論性的作文，其結(jié)構(gòu)要自然地形成主題、擴(kuò)展和結(jié)尾這樣的三段式結(jié)構(gòu)。開(kāi)頭句往往是主題句，主題句要做到內(nèi)容完整，概括性強(qiáng)，表達(dá)清楚，突出主題。一般說(shuō)來(lái)，一篇議論文討論的是一個(gè)主題，其焦點(diǎn)只有一個(gè)，要做到主題的統(tǒng)一性。其次上下文的連貫性也很重要，做到段落中的句子之間相互聯(lián)系、相互依存、上下一體，也就是邏輯關(guān)系要一致。另外，適當(dāng)?shù)乩靡恍┻B接詞和過(guò)渡詞會(huì)增強(qiáng)段落的連貫性。議論文上下的連貫性離不開(kāi)過(guò)渡性詞語(yǔ)，過(guò)渡性詞語(yǔ)的使用使文章更加連貫、更具有邏輯性。2議論文段落的基本結(jié)構(gòu)議論文段落的基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主題句(topic sentence)、闡述句(supporting sentence)和結(jié)尾句(concluding sentence)。(1)主題句：包括段落的主題和中心思想，一般置于段首，偶爾也置于段中或段末，并不是所有的段落都有主題句，有的段落其中心是暗示的。(2)闡述句：通過(guò)具體而有說(shuō)服力的事實(shí)來(lái)展開(kāi)主題。(3)結(jié)尾句：是對(duì)段落的概括總結(jié)或是對(duì)主題的評(píng)論和建議，以增強(qiáng)回味的余地。二、技巧點(diǎn)撥1英語(yǔ)議論文寫作四步法：議論文就是擺事實(shí)、講道理，并要求通過(guò)多方面的分析，把道理說(shuō)通、說(shuō)透。議論文的三要素是論點(diǎn)、論據(jù)和論證。第一：介紹話題，提出論點(diǎn)。給出一些歷史背景或個(gè)人材料。Everyone knows that.大家都知道Tobacco was introduced to Europe after the discovery of America.發(fā)現(xiàn)美洲后煙草被引入到歐洲。My parents smoke and they have both tried to give up many times.我父母都吸煙，而且他們?cè)噲D戒煙很多次了。第二：從正方辯論。給出實(shí)例，證明論點(diǎn)。Firstly，it costs a lot of money to treat smokers who get diseases，such as heart disease or lung cancer.首先，你要花一大筆錢來(lái)治療由吸煙引起的疾病，諸如心臟病或肺癌Secondly，some people are in favor of the idea of doing.其次，有些人贊成這個(gè)主意They point out the fact that.他們指出這一事實(shí)第三：從反方辯論。給出實(shí)例，證明論點(diǎn)。On the other hand，if they banned smoking，the government would lose a lot of money from taxes on cigarettes.另一方面，如果他們禁止吸煙，政府會(huì)損失一大筆對(duì)香煙的稅收。However，other people stand on a different ground.然而，另一些人站在不同的立場(chǎng)上They consider it.to do.他們認(rèn)為去做第四：發(fā)表自己的觀點(diǎn)。In my opinion，.依照我的觀點(diǎn)After things are considered，I believe that.從各個(gè)方面考慮，我認(rèn)為2常見(jiàn)的議論文過(guò)渡詞有：(1)表示增加的過(guò)渡詞：also，and，and then，too，in addition，furthermore，moreover，again，on top of that，another，first，second，third等。(2)表示時(shí)間順序的過(guò)渡詞：now，then，before，after，afterwards，earlier，later，immediately，soon，next，in a few days，gradually，suddenly，finally等。(3)表示空間順序的過(guò)渡詞：near(to)，far(from)，in front of，behind，beside，beyond，above，below，to the right/left，around，outside等。(4)表示比較的過(guò)渡詞：in the same way，just like，just as等。(5)表示對(duì)照的過(guò)渡詞：but，still，yet，however，on the other hand，on the contrary，in spite of，even though等。(6)表示結(jié)果和原因的過(guò)渡詞：because，since，so，as a result，therefore，then，thus，otherwise等。(7)表示目的的過(guò)渡詞：for this reason，for this purpose，so that等。(8)表示強(qiáng)調(diào)的過(guò)渡詞：in fact，indeed，surely，necessarily，certainly，without any doubt，truly，to repeat，above all，most important等。(9)表示解釋說(shuō)明的過(guò)渡詞：for example，in fact，in this case，for actually等。(10)表示總結(jié)的過(guò)渡詞：finally，at last，in conclusion，I have shown，in other words，in brief，in short，in general，on the whole，as has been stated等。1First/Firstly，Second/Secondly，Then，Next，After that，Afterwards，Last/Finally.2Some people believe/argue/recognise/think that.3Everyone knows that.4It seems obvious to me that.5People hold different views/ideas about.6As for me，I agree to the former/latter idea.7Above all，.人們對(duì)于學(xué)生網(wǎng)上交友持不同意見(jiàn)。請(qǐng)你用英語(yǔ)寫一篇關(guān)于學(xué)生網(wǎng)上交友的短文，介紹人們的不同觀點(diǎn)，并表達(dá)自己的看法。贊成的理由反對(duì)的理由你的看法1.廣交朋友；2.可自由表達(dá)思想；3.甚至利于外語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)。1.浪費(fèi)時(shí)間；2.影響學(xué)習(xí)；3.可能上當(dāng)受騙。？注意：1.文章必須包括表中的全部?jī)?nèi)容；2詞數(shù)100左右；3參考詞匯：網(wǎng)絡(luò)朋友online friend(s)；上當(dāng)受騙to be cheatedShould students make friends online? 體裁議論文時(shí)態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)為主主題網(wǎng)上交友人稱第三人稱為主結(jié)構(gòu)第一段：引出話題；第二段：支持網(wǎng)上交友的觀點(diǎn)；第三段：不支持網(wǎng)上交友的觀點(diǎn)。.對(duì)接單元詞匯1人各有所好every man has his taste2網(wǎng)上聊天chat online3有意義地meaningfully4容易地，樂(lè)意地readily5而且whats more.巧用單元句式、語(yǔ)法(一)完成句子1以“網(wǎng)上交友為例”，每個(gè)人都有自己不同的觀點(diǎn)。Taking “making friends online” for example，everyone has his own different opinions about it.(二) 句式升級(jí)2If they chat online, students can more freely express their feelings and opinions.(用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞改寫句子)Chatting online, students can more freely express their feelings and opinions.3Making friends online is a waste of time.Time should be spent more meaningfully on study.(用定語(yǔ)從句改寫句子)Making friends online is a waste of time，which should be spent more meaningfully on study. 【參考范文】Should students make friends online? Every man has his taste.Taking “making friends online” for example，everyone has his own different opinions about it.Should students make friends online? Some people say yes.The Internet helps make many friends.Whats more，chatting online，students can more freely express their feelings and opinions，and even get help with their foreign