中國文化概況Chapt1AnOverview(I).ppt

Part I Introduction,Chapter 1 An Overview (I) 1.1 Defining culture 1.2 General knowledge of Chinese culture,1.1 Defining culture What is culture? Literature Arts Religion Education Festivals Sports Science and technology Economy?,Different definitions of culture: Culture and cultivate 1) Culture refers to “the arts and other manifestations of human intellectual achievement regarded collectively”. (The New Oxford Dictionary of English, p.447),2) Culture is “the integrated pattern of human knowledge, belief, and behaviour.” Culture thus defined consists of language, ideas, belief, customs, taboos, codes, institutions, tools, techniques, works of art, rituals, ceremonies, and other related components; and the development of culture depends upon mans capacity to learn and to transmit knowledge to succeeding generations.” According to Edward Burnett Tylors (1871) classic definition, “culture includes all capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society.” (The New Encyclopaedia Britannica, Volume 3, p784),3) Culture (from the Latin cultura stemming from colere, meaning “to cultivate”) is a term that has various meanings. The word “culture” is most commonly used in three basic senses: a) Excellence of taste (體驗) in the fine arts and humanities (人文學(xué)科), also known as high culture； b) An integrated pattern of human knowledge, belief, and behavior that depends upon the capacity for symbolic thought and social learning； c) The set of shared attitudes, values, goals, and practices that characterizes an institution, organization or group (Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, /wiki/Culture),He Zhonghua from Shandong University: A nations culture counts a lot in her status in the world. (Hu Jintao) Culture: as soft power and hard power Dimensions of culture: Outer layer: material culture (such as implements) Inner layer: spirit culture (world