【BS英國標準】BS EN 13100-2-2004 Non destrictive testing of welded joints of thermoplastics semi-finished products. X-ray radiographic testing.doc

licensed copy: :fullname, : date, uncontrolled copy, (c) bsibritish standard bs en13100-2:2004non-destructive testing of welded joints in thermoplasticssemi-finished products part 2: x-ray radiographic testingthe european standard en 13100-2:2004 has the status of abritish standardics 25.160.40 bs en 13100-2:2004national forewordthis british standard is the official english language version ofen 13100-2:2004.the uk participation in its preparation was entrusted to technical committeepri/80, welding of plastics, which has the responsibility to:aid enquirers to understand the text;present to the responsible international/european committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the uk interests informed;monitor related international and european developments and promulgate them in the uk.a list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.cross-referencesthe british standards which implement international or european publications referred to in this document may be found in the bsi catalogue under the section entitled “international standards correspondence index”, or by using the “search” facility of the bsi electronic catalogue or of british standards online.this publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. users are responsible for its correct application.compliance with a british standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations.licensed copy: :fullname, : date, uncontrolled copy, (c) bsithis british standard was published under the authority of the standards policy and strategy committee on3 december 2004 bsi 3 december 2004isbn 0 580 44957 2summary of pagesthis document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the en title page, pages 2 to 17 and a back cover.the bsi copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued.amd. no.datecommentsamendments issued since publicationeuropean standard norme europenneeuropische normen 13100-2november 2004ics 25.160.40english versionnon-destructive testing of welded joints in thermoplastics semi- finished products - part 2: x-ray radiographic testingessais non destructifs des assemblages souds sur produits semi-finis en thermoplastiques - partie 2: contrle radiographique par rayons xzerstrungsfreie prfung von schweiverbindungen thermoplastischer kunststoffe - teil 2: rntgenprfungthis european standard was approved by cen on 14 october 2004.cen members are bound to comply with the cen/cenelec internal regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this european standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the central secretariat or to any cen member.this european standard exists in three official versions (english, french, german). a version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a cen member into its own language and notified to the central secretariat has the same status as the official versions.cen members are the national standards bodies of austria, belgium, cyprus, czech republic, denmark, estonia, finland, france, germany, greece, hungary, iceland, ireland, italy, latvia, lithuania, luxembourg, malta, netherlands, norway, poland, portugal, slovakia, slovenia, spain, sweden, switzerland and united kingdom.european committee for standardization c o m i t eur o p en de nor m a l i s a ti on eur o p i s c h es kom i tee f r nor m ung management centre: rue de stassart, 36 b-1050 brusselslicensed copy: :fullname, : date, uncontrolled copy, (c) bsi 2004 cenall rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for cen national members.ref. no. en 13100-2:2004: een 13100-2:2004 (e)licensed copy: :fullname, : date, uncontrolled copy, (c) bsicontentspageforeword. 31scope . 42normative references . 43terms and definitions . 44symbols and abbreviations . 55general. 5security measures . 55.2surface preparation and stage of manufacture . 55.3location of the weld in the radiograph . 65.4identification of radiographs . 65.5marking . 65.6overlap of films . 65.7types and position of image quality indicators (iqi) . 65.8evaluation of image quality . 75.9minimum image quality values . 75.10personnel qualification . 76recommended techniques for making radiographs.76.1test arrangements. 76.2choice of tube voltage . 116.3film systems and screens . 116.4alignment of beam. 116.5source-to-object distance. 116.6maximum area for a single exposure. 126.7density of radiograph. 126.8processing. 126.9film viewing conditions . 127examination report . 13annex a (normative) minimum image quality values . 14a.1single-wall technique; iqi on source side . 14a.2double-wall technique; double image; iqi on source side. 15a.3double-wall thickness; single or double image; iqi on film side . 15annex b (informative) recommended number of exposures when using the perpendicular, double-wall, single-image and single-wall off-centre techniques for a circumferential butt weld. 1617licensed copy: :fullname, : date, uncontrolled copy, (c) bsiforewordthis document (en 13100-2:2004) has been prepared by technical committee cen/tc 249 “plastics”, the secretariat of which is held by ibn.this european standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by may 2005, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by may 2005.according to the cen/cenelec internal regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this european standard: austria, belgium, cyprus, czech republic, denmark, estonia, finland, france, germany, greece, hungary, iceland, ireland, italy, latvia, lithuania, luxembourg, malta, netherlands, norway, poland, portugal, slovakia, slovenia, spain, sweden, switzerland and united kingdom.licensed copy: :fullname, : date, uncontrolled copy, (c) bsi1scopethis document specifies fundamental radiographic techniques which enable repeatable results to be obtained economically.this document applies to the x-ray radiographic examination of heated tool, electrofusion, extrusion and hot gas joints in plastics materials.it applies to joints in single wall pipes and plates with a range of thicknesses from 5 mm to 100 mm. it only applies to pipes containing air or other gases at the time of x-ray testing.this document does not specify acceptance levels of the indications.2normative referencesthe following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. for dated references, only the edition cited applies. for undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.en 462-1, non-destructive testing image quality of radiographs part 1: image quality indicators (wire type) - determination of image quality valueen 462-2, non-destructive testing image quality of radiographs part 2: image quality indicators (step/hole type) - determination of image quality valueen 473, non-destructive testing qualification and certification of ndt personnel general principlesen 584-1, non destructive testing industrial radiographic film part 1: classification of film systems for industrial radiographyen 584-2, non destructive testing industrial radiographic film part 2: control of film processing by means of reference valuesen 25580, non destructive testing industrial radiographic illuminators minimum requirements(iso 5580:1985)3terms and definitionsfor the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.3.1nominal thicknessnominal thickness of the parent materialnotemanufacturing tolerances are not taken into account.3.2penetrated thicknessthickness of material in the direction of the radiation beam including the thickness of the weld beads on butt fusion joints (if appropriate), or the additional thickness of the socket for electrofusion joints, or the combined thickness of the top and bottom half of the joint for multiple wall techniques3.3object-to-film distancedistance between the radiation side of the test object and the film surface, measured along the central axis of the radiation beamlicensed copy: :fullname, : date, uncontrolled copy, (c) bsi3.4source sizesize of the radiation source, e.g. the focal spot size of the x-ray tube3.5source-to-film distancedistance between the radiation source and the film measured in the direction of the beam3.6source-to-object distancedistance between the radiation source and the source side of the test object, measured along the central axis of the radiation beam3.7 diameternominal outside diameter of the pipe4symbols and abbreviationssymbols and abbreviations are given in table 1.table 1 symbols and abbreviationssymbols and abbreviationsdesignationsunitsbobject-to-film distancemmdsource sizemmdndiametermmfsource-to-object distancemmsfdsource-to-film distancemmtnominal thicknessmmwpenetrated thicknessmmsradiation sourceffilminclination anglesdrdn/t5general5.1security measureslocal or national or international safety precautions when using ionising radiation shall be strictly applied.warning notice - exposure of any part of the human body to x-rays can be highly injurious to health. wherever x-ray equipment is in use, appropriate legal requirements shall be applied.5.2surface preparation and stage of manufactureprior to radiography the joint shall be cleaned to remove all traces of dirt etc. from the component surface, which might later cause difficulty in detecting defects.in the case of heated tool butt welded pipes, the external weld bead shall be removed prior to radiography.licensed copy: :fullname, : date, uncontrolled copy, (c) bsi5.3location of the weld in the radiographwhere the weld is not likely to be clearly visible on the radiograph, high-density markers (e.g. lead) shall be placed on either side of the weld before testing.5.4identification of radiographssymbols (normally lead markers) shall be affixed to each section of the object being radiographed. the images of these symbols shall appear in the radiograph outside the region of interest and shall ensure unambiguous identification of the section.5.5markingpermanent markings on the object to be examined shall be made in order to accurately locate the position of each radiograph.where the nature of the material and/or its service conditions do not permit permanent marking, the location of each radiograph may be recorded by means of accurate sketches.5.6overlap of filmswhen radiographing an area with two or more separate films, the films shall overlap sufficiently to ensure that the complete region of interest is radiographed. this shall be verified by a high-density marker on the surface of the object, which will appear on each film.5.7types and position of image quality indicators (iqi)the quality of image shall be verified by use of image quality indicator(s) (iqi) in accordance with en 462-1 or en 462-2. the iqi(s) shall be made from the same material as the inspected material or a material with a similar absorption with a tolerance of 10 % in the absorption coefficient. in accordance with en 462-1 or en 462-2 the applied iqi(s) shall have the inscription with the name of the document, the number of the thickest wire or the first step hole and the material. for plastic materials, this requires the name of the material (e.g.: pe- polyethylene,pp- polypropylene, pvc- polyvinylchloride, etc.) and the materials density given in g/cm3 with at least two significant digits.the iqi used shall be placed preferably on the source side of the test object at the centre of the area of interest on the parent material beside the weld. the iqi shall be in close contact with the surface of the object.it shall be located in a section of uniform thickness characterised by a uniform optical density on the film. according to the iqi type used, two cases shall be considered.a)when using a wire iqi, the wires shall be directed perpendicular to the weld and its location shall ensure that at least 10 mm of the wire length will show in a section of uniform optical density, which is normally in the parent material adjacent to the weld. at exposures in accordance with figures 3 and 4 the iqi should not be projected into the image of the weld.b)when using a step/hole iqi, it shall be placed in such a way that the hole number required is placed close to the weld.at exposures in accordance with figures 3 and 4 the iqi may be placed on the film side. in this case reference shall be made to tables a.5 and a.6 given in annex a.where the iqis are placed at the film side, the lead letter f shall be placed near the iqi and it shall be noted in the test report.if steps have been taken to guarantee that radiographs of similar test objects and regions are produced with identical exposure and processing techniques, and no differences in the image quality value are likely, the imagelicensed copy: :fullname, : date, uncontrolled copy, (c) bsiquality need not be verified for every radiograph, the extent of image quality verification being subject to agreement between the contracting parties.for panoramic exposures of pipes (see figure 2) with diameter 200 mm and above, at least three iqis shall be placed equally spaced around the circumference. the film(s) showing iqi image