極速無詞閱讀技巧.ppt

Process the information,useful infromation,useless infromation,信息龐大：腦袋亂； 篇幅太長：做題慢 持續(xù)四六篇：疲勞戰(zhàn),如何區(qū)分信息主次,1、第一段話的第一句和最后一句是重點 2、中文注釋處是重點 3、轉(zhuǎn)折詞后是重點 but, however, yet, on the contrary. 4、題干中涉及單詞處是重點 5、根據(jù)題干直奔文章中主要內(nèi)容 6、文章中不懂得信息：過,常見錯誤,1，完美主義，逐句閱讀文章：要求perfect。逐字逐句的閱讀翻譯文章 2，選擇恐懼：當出現(xiàn)不會的單詞，就會有一種選擇恐懼，很多同學就靠蒙，遵循三長一短選最短，三短一長選最長的原則。 3，不知所云（混沌做題）：不知道文章究竟說了什么，更不知道他問的是什么,刑警題型,根據(jù)特征，在人群中抓出通緝犯 根據(jù)標簽，在文群中抓出答案句,考查核心能力,能否迅速找到處理加工有效信息的能力 （刪除無效信息） 1，主旨和中心 2，某處重要特殊信息 3，基本框架和行文邏輯 4，對題目定位提取篩選加工的能力,解題步驟,1，先看題后讀原文 2，確定題干或者選項重點詞 3，回顧題干和選項重點詞 4，快速尋找信息句 5，對照選項找答案,題目的分類,1.概括/主旨題 2.細節(jié)理解題 3.猜詞題 4.推斷題,Reading Comprehension,1. Main idea:,比重大、難度大,文章主旨找首段 段落主旨找首句 排除細節(jié)性信息,Where does the passage come from？ Whats the passage mainly about？ Main idea title, purpose, want to tell us. type of writing,典型例題1,This passage is mainly about _。 A. energy-saving tips B. fuel-saving tips C. do-it-yourself tips D. environment-protecting tips,The global energy crisis is approaching. What can we do? Here are some steps you can take。 Cooling puts the greatest stress on your summer energy bill and the power grid(電網(wǎng)). Just as a tune-up for your car can improve your gas mileage, a yearly tune-up of your heating and cooling system can improve efficiency and comfort. Clean or replaces filters monthly or as needed。 Drive the car that gets better gas mileage whenever possible if you own more than one vehicle. If you drive 12,500 miles a year, switching 10 percent of your trips from a car that gets 20 miles per gallon to one that gets 30 mpg will save you more than 65 per year。 Carpool. The average U.S. commuter(乘車上班族) could save about 260 a year by sharing cars twice a week with two people in a car that gets 20.1 mpgassuming the three passengers share the cost of gas. (2008安徽卷),概括（主旨）題答題技巧,針對主旨大意類題目，應采用快速閱讀(Skimming)瀏覽全文。在閱讀時，應特別注意文章的開頭、結(jié)尾及段落的段首句和段尾句，因為他們往往名包含文章的中心議題。,2. details Questions: Options:,1. information abstraction抽取標簽,2. information scanning掃描定位,3. information matching 信息配對 鐵證斷案,細節(jié)理解題在高考閱讀理解題中占有相當大的比例。細節(jié)題可分為兩種類型：一種是答案幾乎可以直接出短文中獲得，正確答案和原文中含相關信息的句子也幾乎相同；另一種細節(jié)題要復雜一些，有時在原文中找不到同正確選項相近的詞，正確答案可能是原文某一事實的結(jié)果、原因、前提等。 細節(jié)理解題的特點是：要選擇的答案一定要在短文中找到相關的詞、短語、句子或段落。選擇的依據(jù)必須是短文本身提供的信息，而絕不是根據(jù)自己的主觀假設或推測或是自己的觀點來決定。在閱讀過程中對一些涉及到5W/1H等?？嫉募毠?jié)內(nèi)容做適當標記，以便于解題時迅速、準確的查找。,細節(jié)題常見的幾種命題方式： Which of the following statements is true/not true? The statement made by the author is based on the evidence/example/fact that_ Which of the following statements is NOT mentioned in the text? The author states all of the following EXCEPT_,典型例題2 Which of the following is TRUE of the unicorn? A. It was not historically recorded B. Its horn was first used in France C. It was similar to the Indian Ass and the Oryx D. It could be the symbol of a university,Despite the fact that it has never been seen almost everyone is familiar with the legendary unicorn(獨角獸). Descriptions of unicorns have been found dating from ancient times. The great philosopher Aristotle theorized that there were two types of unicorn- the so-called Indian Ass and the Oryx, a kind of antelope. Unicorns are often used in the logo of a noble family, town council or university as their special sign. Even Scotland is represented by a unicorn。 According to the legend, anyone attempting to catch a unicorn had to be extremely cautious as it has a reputation for being very fierce. A clever trick suggested by unicorn-trappers, in order to catch this magnificent beast without being hurt by its horn, was for the hunter to stand in front of a tree and then to move quickly behind it as the unicorn charged. Hopefully, the creature could then be captured when its horn was stuck in the tree。 (2008江西卷）,猜題類常見的命題方式： Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the word? The wordcould best be replaced by? In theparagraph, the wordmeans(refers to) According to the passage,probably means The authors uses the wordto mean The wordis most likely to mean。,3猜測題的做題技巧 1、猜測詞義時更多用到的方法是：結(jié)合上下文的意義、線索、內(nèi)在邏輯關系。 2、一般情況下，上下文所提示的意義與所考詞匯通常是同義、反義或針對性解釋的關系，可直接確定詞義。 3、根據(jù)上下文意義很難作出判斷的，就考慮用句法和內(nèi)在邏輯方法去判斷，符合句法和內(nèi)在邏輯的可能為正確答案，反之則排除。,典型例題3,The underlined word “gulf” in Para.3 most probably means _。 A. interest B. distance C. difference D. separation,Parents and kids today dress alike, listen to the same music, and are friends. Is this a good thing? Sometimes, when Mr. Ballmer and his 16-year-old daughter, Elizabeth, listen to rock music together and talk about interests both enjoy, such as pop culture, he remembers his more distant relationship with his parents when he was a teenager。 “I would never have said to my mom, Hey, the new Weezer album is really great. How do you like it?” says Ballmer. “There was just a complete gap in taste。” Music was not the only gulf. From clothing and hairstyles to activities and expectations, earlier generations of parents and children often appeared to move in separate orbits。 (2008廣東卷),4、推斷題答題技巧,推理判斷題是指在理解原文字面意義的基礎上，通過對語篇邏輯關系的分析和細節(jié)的暗示，作出一定的判斷和推理，從而得出文章的深層意義及隱含意義的過程。 推理判斷題所涉及的內(nèi)容可能是文中某一句話，也可能是某幾句話，要求考生在遵循原文意義的基礎上，對文章字面信息進行分析、挖掘、邏輯推理，揭示其深層含義。常出現(xiàn)的推理題有邏輯推理，知識推理等。這類考題中常出現(xiàn)的詞有：infer, imply, suggest, indicate, conclude, learn from, probably,等。,推斷題常見命題方式,From paragraph one we can infer that_ What can be inferred from the passage? We can infer from the text that? What can we learn from? We can conclude from the passage that_ The last sentence of the first paragraph most probably implies that_ The author implies that_ This passage would most likely be found in_ The authors attitude towardis_?,典型例題4,The passage is most probably taken from _。 A. a short-story collection B. a popular science magazine C. a research paper D. a personal diary,Michael Fish may soon be replaced as a weather forecaster by something truly fishierthe shark(鯊魚)。 Research by a British biology student suggests that sharks could be used to predict storms。 Lauren Smith, 24, is close to completing her study on sharks ability to sense pressure。 If her studies prove the theory, scientists may be able to monitor the behaviour of sharks to predict bad weather。 It has been discovered that a