高考英語析時態(tài)語態(tài)考點.ppt

,做十年高考試題， 析時態(tài)語態(tài)考點,重慶二外 左明正,考點I： 動詞時態(tài)的選擇首先要看時間狀語，若沒有時間狀語，則要根據(jù)句子所提供的語境來判斷動作發(fā)生的時間，從而得出正確的判斷。,1. With the rapid growth of population, the city _in all directions in the past five years. (2003Anhui） A. spreads B. has spread C. spread D. had spread 2. I arrived late; I _ the road to be so icy. (2004 Beijing spring) wouldnt expect B. havent expected C. hadnt expected D. wasnt expecting,本題可由時間狀語in the past five years判斷應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)。,本題無明顯的時間狀語，但上下文語境提示了動作發(fā)生時間。arrived late是一過去動作，而之 所以遲到則是因為事先未能預(yù)計到道路會結(jié)冰，估計不足在先是原因，遲到在后是其結(jié)果，所以答案應(yīng)是過去完成時態(tài)。,B,C,一,考點2： 現(xiàn)在完成時。常考內(nèi)容如下：,1. How can you possibly miss the news? It _ on TV all day long. (2004Beijing spring) A. has been B. had been C. was D. will be 2。John and I friends for eight years. We first got to know each other at a Christmas party. But we _ each other a couple of times before that. (2002spring) A. had been; have seen B have been; have seen C. had been; had seen D have been; had seen,本題巧妙地將現(xiàn)在完成時與過去完成時組合在一題中加以區(qū)別。第一空的時間參照點是現(xiàn)在，做朋友迄今已八年，用現(xiàn)在完成時。第二空時間參照點為過去某時（第一次認(rèn)識的時間）,在此時之前已見過幾次面，用過去完成時。,_,_,現(xiàn)在完成時強(qiáng)調(diào)一個過去動作或狀態(tài)對現(xiàn)在的影響而一般過去時只表示動作發(fā)生于或狀態(tài)存在于過去，并不管對現(xiàn)在是否有影響。 答案A對現(xiàn)在的影響是: 你不可能沒聽到這條消息.,一,3. The coffee is wonderful! It doesnt taste like anything I_before. (NMET2005-2) A. was having B. have C. have ever had D. had ever had 4. Hi, Tracy, you look tired. I am tired. I _the living room all day. (NMET1998) A. painted B. had painted C. have been painting D. have painted,C,C,現(xiàn)在完成時與never, ever, before以及頻率副詞often等搭配常表示說話人的經(jīng)歷、經(jīng)驗。過去完成時也有類似用法。,本題考查現(xiàn)在完成時與現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時的區(qū)別。除少數(shù)延續(xù)性動詞如study, live, teach加上since, for等段時間狀語兩個時態(tài)可互換外，現(xiàn)在完成時強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的完成，完成進(jìn)行時強(qiáng)調(diào)動作從過去某時一直不停進(jìn)行至現(xiàn)在，所以本題答案為C。過去完成時與過去完成進(jìn)行時的區(qū)別相同。,考點3：一般過去時與過去完成時的用法辨析。,1. More than a dozen students in that school _ abroad to study medicine last year. (Shanghai05) A. sent B. were sent C. had sent D. had been sent 2. He _ more than 5,000 English words when he entered the university at the age of 15. (Beijing 2005) A. has learned B. would have learned C. learned D. had learned,B,C,本題不少學(xué)生會誤選D因為他們以為發(fā)生在過去某時i的動作就該用過去完成時, 其實這正是一般過去時的典型用法, 不是過去完成時的用法.,本題是過去完成時的典型用法，進(jìn)入大學(xué)是一過去動作，用一般過去時而已學(xué)5000多英語單詞則是在進(jìn)大學(xué)之前就已發(fā)生的另一過去動作，用過去完成時。用過去完成時必須有兩個過去動作，第一個動作或時間用一般過去時或時間狀語表示，第二個更早的動作即“過去之過去”，才用過去完成時。,She _her hairstyle in her hometown before she came to Chongqing for a better job. (2004Chongqing) A. would change B. has changed C. changed D. was changing 4. We _that John would become a doctor, but he was not good enough at science. A. hope B. had hoped C. hoped D. have hoped,改變發(fā)型時間在前，來重慶找工作在后。改變理應(yīng)用過去完成時，但before, after, until, as soon as 引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句由于連詞本身的詞義已經(jīng)把動作的時間關(guān)系表達(dá)清楚所以從句動詞也可用一般過去時替代過去完成時。,C,wish, hope, want, intend, mean, plan, expect等動詞的過去完成時常表示未能實現(xiàn)的愿望、希望、意圖、打算, 計劃, 期盼等，漢語可譯成“本來希望、本來打算、本來想、原來的意圖是、本來計劃、原本期望”等。這些動詞的一般過去時+不定式的完成式也可表達(dá)同樣的意思。,B,考點4: 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的延伸用法,1. Because the shop _, all the T-shirts are sold at half price. （2004 Zhejiang） A. has closed down B. closed down C. is closing down D. had closed down 2 Youre drinking too much. Only at home. No one_ me but you. (2000spring) A. is seeing B had seen C. sees D. saw,表感覺、思維、情感態(tài)度、狀態(tài)的動詞： see, hear, seem, taste, believe, know, guess, realize, think, understand, hate, like, love, want, prefer, need, wish, remember, want, mean, mind, have, belong, exist, deserve等不用進(jìn)行時態(tài). 但當(dāng)以上詞意義變化時可用進(jìn)行時： 1. Im now having sports with my friends. 2. Who is seeing you off this afternoon?,現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時常用來表示一個計劃好或安排好的將來動作,_,3. He is such a man who is always fault with other people. (Anhui 2005) putting B. seeking C. finding D. looking for,本題考查進(jìn)行時態(tài)表說話人情感的用法。進(jìn)行時與always、forever、contantly等搭配可表示說話人滿意、贊揚、不滿、抱怨、批評等情感意義。本題表示說話人的不滿。,C,考點5: 一般現(xiàn)在時的延伸用法,1. When will you come to see me, Dad? (2003Spring) 1 will go to see you when you _ the training course. A. will have finished B. will finish C. are finishing D. finish 2. As soon as he comes back, Ill tell him when _ and see him. (Beijing 2005) A. you will come B. will you come C. you come D. do you com,D,A,第一題選D因為when引導(dǎo)的是時間狀語從句，在條件和時間狀語從句中只能用現(xiàn)在時態(tài)表將來。第二題選A，因為when從句不是時間狀語從句而是賓語從句(名詞從句). 注意If從句的類似用法,3. What are you going to do this afternoon ? I am going to the cinema with some friends. The film_ quite early, so we to the bookstore after that. Afinished; are going Bfinished; go (2005Chongqing) Cfinishes; are going Dfinishes; go,本題第一空一般現(xiàn)在時表示按照時刻表將要發(fā)生的將來動作，第二空現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時表計劃、安排好的將來.,C,3. Months ago we sailed ten thousand miles across this open sea, which _ the Pacific, and we met no storms. (Liaoning 2005) Awas called Bis called Chad been called Dhas been called,本題考查一般現(xiàn)在時表示客觀真理或事實的用法。盡管上下文 都是過去時態(tài)但這一片廣闊的海域名叫太平洋是不受動作時間影 響的客觀事實，所以應(yīng)使用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)。,B,考點6. 一般過去時與過去進(jìn)行時的辨析。,The eyewitness said that the day _ when he saw the UFO passing across the sky. (NMET 2000) A. is breaking B. was breaking C. broke D. was to break 2. Has Sam finished his homework today? I have no idea. He _it this morning. (NMET2004-2) did B. has done C. was doing D. had done,過去進(jìn)行時常與一般過去時搭配，過去進(jìn)行時表示一個長的動作，充當(dāng)時間背景；一般過去時表示一個短的動作，該動作就發(fā)生在過去進(jìn)行時所提供的時間背景過程中。,本題選B的錯誤是：現(xiàn)在完成時不能與明確過去時間狀語(this morning) 搭配且該答案與題干語境相矛盾。答案A段時間狀語與一般過去時搭配表示動作完成，這顯然也與題干語境相矛盾。而過去進(jìn)行時與短時間狀語搭配表示動作未完成，正好與題干語境符合，所以答案為C,_,_,3. He was hoping to go abroad but his parents _that they wont support him unless he can borrow money from the bank. (Hubei 2005) Awere deciding Bhave decided Cdecided Dwill decide,B,解本題的關(guān)鍵是正確理解題干意義，was hoping在本句中并不表示過去進(jìn)行，而是等于hopes. 在英語中hope, wonder, think 的過去進(jìn)行時常用來表示說話人現(xiàn)在的希望，請求或想法等，比用一般現(xiàn)在時的語氣更委婉、客氣。,考點 7. 將來時態(tài)的各種形式,1. You have left the light on. Oh, so I have. _and turn it off. (NMET 2000) Ill go B. Ive gone C. Im going D. Im going to go 2. Did you tell Julia about the result? Oh, no, I forgot. I_ her now. (NMET2005-3) will be calling B. will call C. call D. am to call,A,B,本題考點與上題基本一致。A錯誤是因為時間狀語now與將來進(jìn)行時相矛盾，D則表示的是計劃好的將來，只有B符合題意。,本題考查will與be going to的區(qū)別. be going to表示事先已有的意圖或打算，而臨時的打算或決定只能用 will.,3. In a room above the store, where a party _, some workers were busily setting the table. （Hunan2006） A. was to be held B. has been held C. will be held D. is being held,A,本題考查be+動詞不定式表將來這種形式，be+動詞不定式常用來表示一個計劃好或安排好的將來動作，其過去時（was/were+動詞不定式）則表示一個計劃好或安排好的過去將來動作. 根據(jù)題干語境，派對的舉行應(yīng)是一過去將來動作，故C應(yīng)排除，正確答案為A,i,考點8： 把握是否用被動語態(tài)的判斷方法,1. A new cinema_ here. They hope to finish it next month. (2001spring) A will be built B. is built C. has been built D. is being built 2. Why did you leave that position? I _ a better position at IBM. (Beijing 2005) A. offer B. offered C. am offered D. was offered,及物動詞后面如無賓語常提示我們該句應(yīng)該用被動語態(tài)，再根據(jù)下文時間狀語next year確定用被動語態(tài)的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時。,offer是雙賓語動詞，雙賓語動詞后如只有一個賓語也常提示應(yīng)用被動語態(tài)。再根據(jù)題干語境，答案應(yīng)是