專題非謂語(yǔ)賓補(bǔ).ppt

專題 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在句中不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。不受主語(yǔ)的人稱和數(shù)的限制。但是它也擁有動(dòng)詞的一些特征非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞特征： 1）無(wú)人稱和數(shù)的變化，但是有時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的變化 2）不失去原意，可以加上自己的賓語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)，構(gòu)成非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。 另外還有一些非動(dòng)詞的特征，相當(dāng)于名詞、形容詞、副詞等，在句子里可以作這些詞類所能用作的句子成分。,非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作用,非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式,一般來(lái)說(shuō)，非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)之前時(shí)，多用完成式；同時(shí)發(fā)生時(shí)用一般式或進(jìn)行式；例如： Having been used for many years, the computer needs to repair. (2)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的否定式為在非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞前加 not。例如：not to have, not being done, not having been done, his not having succeeded 等。,2不定式、動(dòng)名詞與分詞做定語(yǔ)時(shí)的用法和區(qū)別,(1)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞做定語(yǔ)時(shí)的區(qū)別,不定式做定語(yǔ)的情況 不定式做定語(yǔ)通常表示一個(gè)未發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。 The meeting to be held is of great importance.(未發(fā)生) 修飾被序數(shù)詞、最高級(jí)或no/any/all等限定的中心詞。 Madame Curie was the first person to discover the radium.(已完成) She was the best one to do the job. There is nothing to worry about. 修飾抽象名詞，常見的有 ability ,idea, fact, chance等。 Do you have the ability to read and write in English? I have no chance to go sighting.,特別提醒：不定式做定語(yǔ)時(shí)如果與被修飾的詞有邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，動(dòng)詞須是及物的，不及物的要加介詞。例如： He has no room to live in at the moment. 但不定式所修飾的名詞如果是 time，place，way 這幾個(gè)直接表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式的詞時(shí)，不定式后面的介詞習(xí)慣上要省去。例如： We had no money and no place to live (in) those days. We found a way to solve the problem (in).,There is a lot of work to do. There is a lot of work to be done. 在there be 結(jié)構(gòu)中，當(dāng)說(shuō)話人考慮的是必須有人去完成某事，不定式用主動(dòng)形式;若強(qiáng)調(diào)事情本事必須被完成，則用被動(dòng)形式。 Have you anything to send? Have you anything to be send? I will go to the post office.,分詞作定語(yǔ) There are a lot of good English programs (broadcast ) on TV in China. Two days later I received a letter (offer） me a job. 作定語(yǔ)的不及物動(dòng)詞的分詞形式：doing 表示正在進(jìn)行，done表示完成。 Falling leaves /fallen leaves Boling water/ boiled water Developing countries/ developed countries,動(dòng)詞不定式與分詞作定語(yǔ)的區(qū)別： the meeting (hold) in 2 days the meeting (hold) 2 days ago the meeting (hold) now,The bridge to be built next year is just between the one built last year and the one being built now.,Translation,動(dòng)名詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，表示它所修飾的名詞的性能和用途；現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，表示它所修飾的名詞是正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，和它所修飾的名詞在邏輯上有主謂關(guān)系.試比較： working clothes(工作服)clothes for working a washing machine a machine for washing a reading room a walking-stick a swimming pool a sleeping bag a sleeping child a child is sleeping a crying boy a boy is crying,不定式與分詞做狀語(yǔ)時(shí)的用法和區(qū)別 (1)不定式一般充當(dāng)目的狀語(yǔ)、結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)和結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)。 不定式做目的狀語(yǔ)時(shí)的主要形式有：to do，so as to do，in order to do； 結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)時(shí)的主要形式有：to do，enough to do，too.to do，so.as to do，only to do(表示出人意料的結(jié)果)。 不定式也可用在做表語(yǔ)用的形容詞后做狀語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明產(chǎn)生這種情緒的原因。常見的形容詞有：不定式作原因狀語(yǔ)一般用在“連系動(dòng)詞adj.to do”的結(jié)構(gòu)中，且形容詞多為表示人的情感方面的詞，如glad，pleased，surprised，disappointed，anxious 等。例如： He seemed surprised to see us.,分詞一般充當(dāng)時(shí)間、原因、條件、讓步、方式(伴隨)狀語(yǔ) Having eaten his dinner, the boy rushed out. Given a chance, I can surprise the world. They came in, talking and laughing. Not knowing her address, I cant write to her. Having been told many times, he still repeated the same mistake. 現(xiàn)在分詞有時(shí)還可充當(dāng)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ),表示一種自然而然的結(jié)果，前面常有 thus 等副詞；而不定式做結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)時(shí)一般表示出乎意料的結(jié)果，形式有to do，enough to do，too.to do，so.as to do，only to do 。例如： His parents died ,leaving him an orphan. I woke up only to find everyone gone. The cup dropped to the ground, （break） into pieces. Their car was caught in a traffic jam (堵塞)，thus (cause )the delay. I hurried to his house, only (find) him out.,(4)分詞做狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)與句子的主語(yǔ)必須一致。例： Seen from the hill，the village seems quite small. Seeing from the hill，you can find the village quite small. 如果其邏輯主語(yǔ)與句子的主語(yǔ)不一致，就需要在分詞前加上自己的邏輯主語(yǔ)，使其變成一個(gè)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。例如： The boy having finished his exercises，the teacher let him away. The exercises done，the students went home.,(7)有些結(jié)構(gòu)作獨(dú)立狀語(yǔ)，與句子的主語(yǔ)沒有關(guān)系。例如： To tell you the truth，I dont know him at all. Judging by his clothes，he is a common man. None of us knew about it，including the teacher. 類似的習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)還有： generally speaking , talking of, considering, taking sth into consideration,(2010長(zhǎng)春調(diào)研)The firm was successfully run and _， he owed his success to the support of his friends. Alooking back Blooked back Cto look back Dwhen looked back 解析：考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞?！爱?dāng)回顧過去時(shí)”在句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，因?yàn)閘ook back與主語(yǔ)he之間為主謂關(guān)系而不是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，因此不能使用過去分詞形式，而應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞形式。 答案：A,(2010山東濰坊質(zhì)量監(jiān)測(cè))With trees and grass _ 39.6% of the urban area, the city of Weifang has taken on a new look. Acovered Bcovering Cto be covered Dbeing covered 解析：考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。語(yǔ)意為：隨著城市綠化覆蓋率達(dá)到39.6%，濰坊呈現(xiàn)出了新面貌。trees and grass和cover之間是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，故選B項(xiàng)。 答案：B,(2010福建六校三聯(lián))_ by the beauty of its buildings on their previous visit, they decided to visit the small old town again. AStruck BTo be struck CHaving struck DBeing struck 解析：strike與其邏輯主語(yǔ)they之間為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞的過去分詞形式作狀語(yǔ)。 答案：A,(2010北京東城期末)Subway Line 4, _ into use in September 2009, has made traveling in Beijing easier. Ahaving been put Bputting Cbeing put DPut 答案：D,(2010北京海淀期末)The silence of the library is sometimes broken