Phonics自然拼音法.ppt

Phonics 自然拼音法,一、小學(xué)英語語音教學(xué)中面臨的共性問題：,1.標(biāo)注漢語讀單詞 2.會說不會認(rèn)單詞 3.學(xué)生成績兩級分化嚴(yán)重 4.機(jī)械記憶單詞，遺忘率高 5. 辨音題失分嚴(yán)重,二、什么是phonics？,Phonics，即字母拼讀法（又譯自然拼音）已經(jīng)在歐美國家流行百年，是自然形成的一種發(fā)音規(guī)則，主要教授英文字母（letter）與語音（sound）間的對應(yīng)關(guān)系。是目前國際主流的英語教學(xué)法，它不僅是以英語為母語國家的孩子學(xué)習(xí)英語讀音與拼字，增進(jìn)閱讀能力與理解力的教學(xué)法，更是以英語為第二語言的英語初學(xué)者學(xué)習(xí)發(fā)音規(guī)則與拼讀技巧的教學(xué)方法。是美國、加拿大本土孩子的必修課程。1998年被引入香港和臺灣，近幾年逐步拓展到全國各地。自然拼讀法的最大特點(diǎn)是：通過直接學(xué)習(xí)26個字母及字母組合在單詞中的發(fā)音規(guī)則，讓學(xué)生感受到字母及字母組合與發(fā)音的關(guān)系，建立字母及字母組合與發(fā)音的感知，它會把復(fù)雜的發(fā)音歸納成有規(guī)律的、簡單的發(fā)音，幫助孩子建立音形聯(lián)系、了解發(fā)音和拼寫規(guī)則，掌握英語拼讀規(guī)律，從而達(dá)到看到單詞就會讀，聽到單詞就會拼的學(xué)習(xí)目的。 徹底解決學(xué)生學(xué)英語發(fā)音難、發(fā)不準(zhǔn)音的問題。據(jù)研究，只要孩子掌握這些發(fā)音規(guī)則，并加以練習(xí)，不需要借助音標(biāo)，就都能夠讀出80%的英語單詞，把枯燥無味的背單詞變成一件簡單的事，從而達(dá)到事半功倍的效果。使英語學(xué)習(xí)變得簡單、快樂、有趣。是一種效果顯著的英語教學(xué)法。,26個英文字母,5個元音字母： Aa Ee Ii Oo Uu 21個輔音字母： Bb Cc Dd Ff Gg Hh Jj Kk Ll Mm Nn Pp Qq Rr Ss Tt Vv Ww Xx Yy Zz,三、單詞的發(fā)音規(guī)則和分類方法及步驟,元音字母及字母組合的發(fā)音規(guī)則 輔音字母及輔音組合的發(fā)音規(guī)則 特殊字母及字母組合的發(fā)音 單詞的拼讀方法和步驟 雙音節(jié)詞和多音節(jié)詞的音節(jié)劃分方法,元音字母及字母組合的發(fā)音規(guī)則,a e i o u a_e e_e i_e o_e u_e ar er ir or ur ai ay ee ea ey ie igh oa ow ou ow oi oy au aw al ui ue oo ew,以“一個元音字母+一個或兩個輔音字母”結(jié)尾的單詞叫做閉音節(jié)單詞，簡稱為“以元輔或元輔輔”結(jié)尾的單詞。,A在閉音節(jié)單詞中讀短音 ：，例詞如下：,at cat bat fat hat mat pat sat rat flat ad sad mad dad bad an man fan can and hand land am ham jam map bag flat back apple,五個元音字母在閉音節(jié)的單詞中讀其短音。,以“一個元音字母+一個或兩個輔音字母”結(jié)尾的單詞叫做閉音節(jié)單詞，簡稱為“以元輔或元輔輔”結(jié)尾的單詞。,五個元音字母在閉音節(jié)的單詞中讀其短音。,E在閉音節(jié)單詞中讀短音：，例詞如下： egg bed get pen end well best desk eg ed et en end ell,U在單詞中讀短音： ，例詞如下： sun lunch bus duck hug un ug,I在閉音節(jié)單詞中讀短音：i，例詞如下： six big hill pin kid sit ix ig ill in id,O在閉音節(jié)單詞中讀短音：，例詞如下： box not top sock lost ox ot op ock,a_e e_e i_e o_e u_e （神奇的E）,A 在“a-e”結(jié)尾的單詞中讀其字母本身的音：ei，例詞如下：,ame name same game ake lake make bake cake take ate date gate late hate Kate plate ace place face race safe tape made grade,五個元音字母在“元輔e” 結(jié)尾的單詞中讀其長音，即其字母本身的讀音（字母音）。,E在e-e結(jié)尾的單詞中讀其字母音：i: these eve,I在i-e結(jié)尾的單詞中讀字母音：ai kite fine ride like nice price smile ite ine ide ike ice,O在o-e結(jié)尾的單詞中讀字母音：u nose rope rode note home hole smoke,U在u-e結(jié)尾的單詞中讀字母音：ju: tube cube cute mute huge,ar er ir or ur R元音,ar : car cart dark hard garden arm farm art party ark ard arm art,er sister marker dinner teacher under farmer her mother,ir : dirty shirt bird girl first third birthday irt,ur: turn nurse turtle turkey fur hurt urn urse,ar er ir or ur R元音,or : pork fork morning short forty sport forty door ork orn,or : word work world,ore : more bore score before,元音字母組合的發(fā)音：,ai： ail tail nail fail mail jail rail aid maid paid raid laid ain main gain pain paint rain brain train ait bait wait,ay： day say pay May lay gray play,ai ay ei,ai ay ee ea ey ie igh oa ow,ee ea ey i:,ee： bee see need deep feet week keep green eed eep eet,ea： sea tea read clean meat eal eagle peach speak ean eat,ey： key donkey monkey money honey turkey,元音字母組合的發(fā)音：,ea e :head sweater sweat pear lead bear leather feather bread dead deaf ready weather health,ie igh ai,igh: right sight night high sigh bright,ie i: ： thief piece chief movie cookie,元音字母組合的發(fā)音：,ie: tie pie lie die,oa ow u,ou： road boat goal soap loaf roast oad oat oal oap oaf oast,ow: rainbow bowl pillow yellow window hollow low blow slow grow borrow snow row sow own,元音字母組合的發(fā)音：,字母操,ou ow oi oy au aw al ui ue oo ew,ou: out shout mouth house mouse cloud couch count found sound,ou u: :group route through,ow:cow now flower tower ower down town brown clown crown own,ou ow au,元音字母組合的發(fā)音：,oi: coin join point oil boil soil coil noise,oy: soy toy joy Roy boy,oi oy i,au aw al :,au:because naughty caught daughter taught augh bought thought ought,aw:paw law saw draw straw lawn awful lawyer,al:l ：also always already,元音字母組合的發(fā)音：,al:call tall fall ball wall small hall walk talk all,Oou: : good foot wood book cook look hook took,ui suit juice fruit ue blue glue true clue u ue ui在j 、r、l后面時(shí)讀作u:,oo:moon roof boots food spoon room cool fool boom afternoon too,ui ue oo ew u:,ew:blew drew grew threw,ewju: few hew new view newspaper,元音字母組合的發(fā)音：,好腳站在木頭上，碰見老K發(fā)短音。,21個輔音字母的音標(biāo)如下： B -b C-k D-d F-f G-g H-h J-d K-k L-l M-m N-n P-p Q-kw R-r S-s T-t V-v W-W X-ks Y-j Z-z,21個輔音字母的讀音中有大部分跟漢語拼音的讀音相似。,輔音組合的發(fā)音規(guī)則,th ch tch sh wh ph bl fl pl cl gl cr gr pr fr tr dr sm sn sw sl sp st sc sk spr str scr kn wr ck mb,phf : phone phrase physics phonics enough,th th ch tch sh wh ph,th : this that these those father mother brother feather weather with then than the,th : thank think thing math tooth thick mouth teeth thin three thirsty thief bath throw throat,cht : much chair lunch French beach church chicken tcht ： catch match fetch,sh : sheep fish dish shirt ship shop she finish shake fresh,wh W : what when which why white while wheel wheat whh ：who whose whom whole,bl fl pl cl gl cr gr pr fr tr dr,bl: blue black bloom fl: flat fly flag flower pl: plane play plate cl:clock clean clay gl: glass glue,cr: cry cream fr: frog Friday gr: gray green grass pr:price press pray,trtr : tree truck train drdr : drink dress drum dry,sm sn sw sl sp st sc sk spr str scr,sm:smile small smell sn: snow snake snack sw: swim sweet sweat sl:slow sleep sled slope,sp: spell speak space spoon sport spring st: star stop star stand stick story stocking street strong strawberry sc: scarf scream screen sk: skirt skate sky ski,kn wr ck mb,kn n : knob knee knife knock knew wr r : write wrote written wrong ck k ：back duck neck black mb m :thumb lamb bomb comb climb,特殊字母及字母組合的發(fā)音,ts ds qu ng ge dge ful ing tion eigh ild ind old ost ei eer ear eir air are,ts ts ：its parts lots hats ds ds : hands beds birds qukw ：quick quack queen question ng : song sing long thing bring ged ：age page large huge dged ：bridge edge judge ful ful: useful helpful ing i : sing swing playing going tion n : fiction question,ts ds qu ng ge dge ful ing tion,eigh ild ind old ost ei,eighei : eight weight eighth neighbor height ild aild : wild mild ind aind : kind find behind blind old uld : old gold cold sold ost uld : post host most ghost ei ai :either neither a+ s，f，th :spass class glass grass fast ask last basket after father,ear: bear pear wear eir /ere: their there where air: air fair hair pair are: care dare hare share,eer : cheer engineer ear : ear clear year dear hear,single little table people middle uncle,The man with fair hair dare not repair their chairs there ,because there is a bear there.,eer ear eir air are,eer ear i:,ear eir ere air are e:,字母y的三種讀音：,why shy fly cry try dry sky spy,y作輔音字母時(shí)，一般位于詞首，讀作 j ： yes yo-yo yellow,y作元音字母時(shí)，有兩種讀音： daddy sunny funny baby story glory dictionary strawberry,在雙音節(jié)或多音節(jié)單詞末尾讀作 i ： 在單音節(jié)單詞末尾讀作ai：,C在e、i、y前面讀作s：city cell nice rice,C在a、o、u前面讀作k：cat cap cost cup cut,字母c的兩種讀音：,g在a、o、u前面讀作g: gas got goat gum,字母g的兩種讀音：,g在e、i、y前面讀作d: cage page age orange digital gym,單詞的拼讀方法和步驟： 第一步：找元音，找出單詞中的元音字母或元音字母組合。 第二步：找元音前面的輔音或輔音字母組合。 第三步：兩音相拼。 第四步：把其他的音加進(jìn)去。 第五步：對于雙音節(jié)單詞和多音節(jié)單詞，注意重讀和弱讀。 same switch snowman quickly,例如：crossing funny hobby hurry letter little middle merry office rabbit supper summer,雙音節(jié)詞和多音節(jié)詞的音節(jié)劃分方法：,一般的原則是：元音和元音前面的輔音構(gòu)成一個音節(jié)。如果兩個元音之間夾有一個輔音或一個輔音字母組合，則該輔音歸后；如果兩個元音之間夾有兩個輔音，則利用就近原則，各屬其一。,例如：輔音歸后： behind beside body clever 就近原則：corner farmer festival,在兩個音節(jié)中，如果有兩個一樣的輔音字母時(shí)，只讀一個輔音。,（一）語音變化的歸納方法 1. 歸納演繹法 2.對比分類法 （二）語音教學(xué)的訓(xùn)練方法 1.直觀教具法 2.游戲練習(xí)法 3.兒歌巧記法 4.說唱練習(xí)法 5.繞口令 6.故事教學(xué)法 7.情景描述法 8.媒體展示法,四、自然拼音法在課堂中的應(yīng)用及教學(xué)方法,far,Can you read ？,farmer,-ar,farm,Can you read? 你會讀嗎？,a,/,ad,and,hand,eat meat teacher,tea,father mother brother,water,father mother brother,water,dad,/,cat,bag,black,a,feet,beef,meet,ee,ee,ee,ee /i:/,Can you read,see feel deep seed bee peel seem feed reel need week teem keep jeep feet beef,cat,cake,map,make,hate,hat,i,i-e,nine,rice,bike,kite,six,pig,big,five,like,nice,fine,你能拼讀出以下單詞嗎？,Try to read,win bit hid rid sit,wine bite hide ride site,Try to read,你能根據(jù)i-e的發(fā)音自然拼讀出以下單詞嗎？,kite bite,like bike Mike,five dive live,nine mine pine,rice ice nice,wall,a tall,a,c,t,Its a black cat.,I have ten red pens on my legs .,單詞拼讀器。,大聲讀出你看到的單詞。,a,e,m,k,t,l,t,h,g,m,d,大聲讀出你看到的單詞。,a,單詞拼讀器。,d,d,m,p,c,t,f,s,d,_al_,eg : fall,六人小組，由組長拼單詞，其他同學(xué)讀出單詞,Lets try !,我家dad，脾氣bad，讓我sad。 有只cat，非常fat， 專吃rat。,把眼close，用我nose，去聞rose。 喝著coke，聽著joke，把腰broke。,我的mother, 生個brother, 想要another. 寒冷weather, 身披leather, 頭戴feather.,Lets chant,a-e a a a a a-e cake a-e face i-e i i i i i-e kite i-e five o-e o o o o o-e nose o-e Coke u-e u u u u u-e cute u-e tube I can say my A I O U.,Lets chant,Draw a ball on the wall。,Draw a small ball,On the tall wall,Drive a car to the park,Drive a small car,Lets go to the park,Tongue twister(繞口令),1.Ten red pens.,2.Ten red pens in bed.,3.Ten red pens in pet bed.,They say they may stay at the railway station and wait for their neighbour to explain why it rains every day. 他們說他們可能會呆在火車站，等鄰居來解釋為什么天天下雨。,A good-looking cook stood on a piece of wood with his one foot,looking at a book about his childhood. 一位英俊的廚師單腳站在一截木頭上，看著一本關(guān)于他童年時(shí)代的書。,Please look at the card.In fall,two tall dogs drive a small car to a park, talk in the park and play football.then,they want to walk to a farm arm in arm.but the farm is far from the park. They see a bar near the park ,so they stop by a tall wall,listen to the guitar and enjoy the stars.,開心閱讀：,Two happy dogs,His name is Mike. He likes to write and ride. One time, he went to the park by bike. He saw a white kite. Look, whats on the kite ,its a big number nine ,its fine .He saw five mice ,too. They were looking for rice beside the ice .They are so nice. He helped the five mice to eat the rice.,i-e i ai,Funny story,It s _ , so I go _ for a _ .But there is a _, I ask _. _! Ha! Ha! There is a _ in her _.,coat cold home hole hello rose nose road boat goat note,cold,home,coat,hole,Rose,Hello,rose,nose,My name is Kate.,This is my cat.,I made a cake.,The cake is on the plate.,Where is my cake?,There is a deer called Mark.,Mark is tall for his car.,Mark sees a ball near the car.,He likes the ball and the stars.,The bike.,The kite.,The bike is bright.,The kite is white.,Im going to fly the kite.,I see Mike is on his bike.,We are flying the kite in the