汽車專業(yè)英語(yǔ)課后練習(xí)答案.pdf

Reviews Exercises ITranslate the following into Chinese(85) 1 front-mounted engine 2 rechargeable battery 3 drive shaft 4 torque converter 5 compression ignition engine 6 hydraulic control system 7 sparkignition engine 8 performance parameter 9 compression stroke 10 compression chamber volume 11 theoretical power 12 electricitypowered vehicles 13 gasolinepowered vehicles 14 bore and stroke 15 driving road wheels 16 four stroke cycle 17 intake stroke 18 combustion stroke 19 internal combustion engine 20 top dead center 21 airfuel mixture 22 Vtype engine 23 cylinder block 24 intake valve 25 flywheel 26 valve lash 27 water pump 28 oil filter 29 clutch fork 30 propeller shaft 31 up and down movement 32 unsprung weight 33 steering system 34 shock absorber 35 occupant space 36 energy absorbing steering column 37 ignition system 38 air conditioning system 39 MPV 40 SUV 1 前置發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī) 2 可再充電池 3 驅(qū)動(dòng)軸 4 變矩器 5 壓縮點(diǎn)火發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī) 6 液壓控制系統(tǒng) 7 火花塞點(diǎn)火發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī) 8 性能參數(shù) 9 壓縮行程 10 壓縮腔體積 11 理論動(dòng)力功率 12 電力車輛 13 汽油動(dòng)力車輛 14 缸徑與行程 15 路面驅(qū)動(dòng)輪 16 四沖程周期 17 進(jìn)氣行程 18 壓縮行程 19 內(nèi)燃機(jī) 20 上止位 21 空燃混合物 22 V 型發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī) 23 缸體 24 進(jìn)氣閥 25 飛輪 26 閥門隙 27 水泵 28 機(jī)油過(guò)濾器 29 離合叉 30 推動(dòng)軸 31 上下顛簸 32 非彈簧承載質(zhì)量 33 轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng) 34 減震器 35 乘員空間 36 吸能轉(zhuǎn)向柱 37 點(diǎn)火系統(tǒng) 38 空調(diào)系統(tǒng) 39 多用途車輛 40 運(yùn)動(dòng)通用車輛 41 mass flow meter 42 injection duration 43 electronic fuel injection 44 vapor lock 45 pressure regulator 46 pulsation damper 47 transaxle 48 modulator 49 torque converter 50 one-way clutch 51 solenoid valve 52 planetary gear set 53 valve body 54 brake fluid 55 EBCM 56 wheel speed sensor 57 hydraulic pressure 58 MPH 59 pulse frequency 60 dynamic test 61 rotating speed 62 in series 63 optional vacuum 64 Jack stands 65 speed up 66 accessory drive belt inspection 67 vehicle lifting platform 68 engine air cleaner filter 69 diagnostic tree 70ABS 71 ignition triggering sign 72 digital multimeter 73 engine cooling system 74 automotive diagnostic scanner 75 CMPS 76 daily maintenance 77 repair manuals 78 dynamic data stream 79 safety belts 80 trouble code 81 Toyota 82 windshield washer 83 air cleaner filter 84 fuel pressure regulator 41 質(zhì)量流量計(jì) 42 噴油持續(xù)時(shí)間 43 電子燃油噴射 44 氣阻 45 壓力調(diào)節(jié)器 46 脈動(dòng)阻尼器 47 變速軸 48 調(diào)節(jié)器 49 變矩器 50 單向離合器 51 電動(dòng)閥 52 行星齒輪組 53 閥門體 54 制動(dòng)油 55 電子制動(dòng)控制模塊 56 輪速傳感器 57 液壓 58 英里/小時(shí) 59 脈動(dòng)頻率 60 動(dòng)力學(xué)試驗(yàn) 61 轉(zhuǎn)速 62 串聯(lián) 63 可選性真空 64 千斤頂座 65 提速 66 輔助驅(qū)動(dòng)皮帶檢查 67 車輛升降臺(tái) 68 發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)空氣濾清器 69 診斷樹(shù) 70 防抱死制動(dòng)系統(tǒng) 71 點(diǎn)火觸發(fā)信號(hào) 72 數(shù)字萬(wàn)用表 73 發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)冷卻系統(tǒng) 74 汽車診斷掃描儀 75 凸輪軸位置傳感器 76 每日維護(hù) 77 維修手冊(cè) 78 動(dòng)力學(xué)數(shù)據(jù)流 79 安全皮帶 80 故障代碼 81 豐田 82 擋風(fēng)玻璃洗滌器 83 空氣濾清器 84 燃油壓力調(diào)節(jié)器 85Audi85 奧迪 Translate the following into English(85) 1 火花塞 2 燃燒室溫度 3 傳動(dòng)軸 4 離臺(tái)器總成 5 汽車防抱死制動(dòng)系統(tǒng) 6 傳動(dòng)比 7 轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng) 8 底盤(pán)參數(shù) 9 水泵 10 后差速器 11 有效功率 l 2 整備質(zhì)量 1 3 蒸汽汽車 14 出行方式 15 最小離地間隙 16 奧托循環(huán)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī) 17 燃燒室 18 壓縮行程 19 排氣行程 20 氣缸蓋 21 曲柄連桿機(jī)構(gòu) 22 排氣門 23 潤(rùn)滑系統(tǒng) 24 冷卻系統(tǒng) 25 節(jié)溫器 26 機(jī)油泵 27 離合器壓盤(pán) 28 差速器 29 彈簧承載質(zhì)量 30 轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng) 31 齒輪齒條式轉(zhuǎn)向器 32 制動(dòng)系統(tǒng) 33 制動(dòng)主缸 34 四輪驅(qū)動(dòng) 35 皮卡汽車 36 起動(dòng)機(jī) 37 交流發(fā)電機(jī) 38 分電器 39 點(diǎn)火線圈 40 制動(dòng)燈 41 電子控制系統(tǒng) 1 spark plug 2 combustion chamber temperature 3 drive shaft 4 clutch assembly 5 anti-lock brake system 6 gear ratio 7 steering system 8 chassis parameter 9 water pump 10 rear differential 11 effective power 12 curb weight 13 steam-powered vehicle 14 transportation mode 15 minimum clearance 16 Otto cycle engine 17 combustion chamber 18 compression stroke 19 exhaust stroke 20 cylinder cover 21 crankshaft connecting mechanism 22 exhaust valve 23 lubricating system 24 cooling system 25 thermostat 26 oil pump 27 clutch pressing plate 28 differential 29 sprung weight 30 steering system 31 rank and pinion steering system 32 brake system 33 braking master cylinder 34 four wheel drive 35 pickup car 36 starter 37 alternator 38 distributor 39 ignition coil 40 braking lamp 41 electronic control system 42 廢氣再循環(huán) 43 燃油供給系統(tǒng) 44 燃油濾清器 45 電子控制燃油噴射系統(tǒng) 46 多點(diǎn)燃油噴射 47 空氣進(jìn)氣系統(tǒng) 48 前輪驅(qū)動(dòng) 49 驅(qū)動(dòng)輪 50 空擋 51 自動(dòng)變速器 52 制動(dòng)帶 53 液力變矩器 54 防抱死制動(dòng)系統(tǒng) 55 報(bào)警指示器 56 回流泵 57 制動(dòng)踏板 58 電磁閥 59 儀表板 60 主缸 61 輪缸 62 巡航控制系統(tǒng) 63 數(shù)字信號(hào) 64 加速踏板 65 變速桿 66 維修手冊(cè) 67 故障碼 68 曲軸位置傳感器 69 診斷 70 征兆 71 點(diǎn)火線圈 72 真空表 73 路試 74 濾網(wǎng) 75 拋錨 76 底盤(pán) 77 排氣系統(tǒng) 78 自動(dòng)變速器 79 輪胎氣壓表 80 短途 81 點(diǎn)火反饋信號(hào) 82 電控單元 83 螺釘旋具 84 扳手 85 二極管 42 exhaust gas recirculation 43 fuel delivery system 44 fuel filter 45 electronic control fuel injection system 46 multiple point fuel injection 47 air intake system 48 front wheel drive 49 driving wheel 50 neutral shift 51 automatic transmission 52 braking belt 53 hydraulic torque converter 54 anti-lock brake system 55 warning indicator 56 return flow pump 57 brake pedal 58 solenoid valve 59 instrumentation/dash/penal 60 master cylinder 61 wheel cylinder 62 cruise control system 63 digital signal 64 acceleration pedal 65 shift level 66 repair manual 67 trouble code 68 CKPS/crankshaft position sensor 69 diagnosis 70 symptom 71 ignition coil 72 vacuum gauge 73 road test 74 screen 75 breakdown 76 chassis 77 exhaust system 78 automatic transmission 79 wheel inflation gauge 80 short distance 81 ignition feedback signal 82 electronic control unit 83 screwdriver 84 wrench/spanner 85 diode IIITranslate the following sentences into Chinese(30) 1 Today automobiles production has grown from small workshops making simple horseless carriages to international corporations that mass-produce advanced automobiles. 2 He perfected the two-cylinder gasoline engine and attached it to the stagecoach，thereby producing the first fourwheeled motor vehicle in the world. 3Automobile parts can be grouped into four major categories：engine，body，chassis and electrical equipments. 4 The function of the propeller (drive) shaft is to transmit the drive from the transmission to the input shaft of the rear axle and differential assembly. 5 Gear selection may be done manually by the driver or automatically by a hydraulic control system. 6 The basic job of the suspension system is to absorb the shocks caused by irregular road surfaces that would otherwise be transmitted to the vehicle and its occupants. 7 The alternator changes the engines mechanical energy into electrical energy and recharges the battery. 8 Displacement and compression ratio are two frequently used engine specification. Displacement indicates engine size，and compression ratio compares the total cylinder volume to compression chamber volume. 9 Sources of frictional power include bearings， pistons sliding inside the cylinder，the compression stroke，the generator，fan，water pump，belts，air conditioner，transmission， drive shaft，rear deferential assemblies and so on. 10 All automobile engines both gasoline engine and diesel engine, are classified into internal combustion engines because the combustion or burning that creates energy takes place inside the engine. 11 Cars equipped with automatic transmissions 1 今天汽車生產(chǎn)已經(jīng)從小作坊制造簡(jiǎn)單無(wú)需 馬力的廂車發(fā)展成為大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)先進(jìn)汽車的 國(guó)際合作。 2 他完善兩缸汽油發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)并且把它安裝在驛 車上，以此生產(chǎn)出世界上首輛四輪發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)動(dòng) 力車輛。 3 汽車的組成可分為四大部分：發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)、車 身、底盤(pán)和電器設(shè)備。 4 傳動(dòng)軸的作用是把變速器的驅(qū)動(dòng)力傳送到 后橋及差速器總成的輸入軸。 5 檔位可由司機(jī)手動(dòng)或液壓系統(tǒng)自動(dòng)完成。 6 懸掛系統(tǒng)的基本作用是吸收不平整路面引 起的沖撞力，否則就會(huì)傳送到車輛和其中的 乘員身上。 7 交流發(fā)電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)變機(jī)械能為電能并且給電池 充電。 8 排量和壓縮比是兩個(gè)常用的發(fā)電機(jī)規(guī)格。 排量指的是發(fā)電機(jī)大小而壓縮比是總氣缸體 積對(duì)壓縮腔體積的比值。 9 摩擦力的來(lái)源包括有軸承、缸內(nèi)滑動(dòng)的活 塞、壓縮行程、發(fā)電機(jī)、風(fēng)扇、水泵、皮帶、 空調(diào)器、變速器、傳動(dòng)軸、后差速器總成等。 10 全部汽車的發(fā)電機(jī)，包括汽油機(jī)和柴油 機(jī)，都因?yàn)樵诎l(fā)電機(jī)內(nèi)部發(fā)生燃爆或燃燒而 產(chǎn)能而屬于內(nèi)燃機(jī)。 11 通常配備自動(dòng)變速器的汽車沒(méi)有離合器， normally do not have a clutch，on thesethe transmission operates automatically so that the driver is not required to use a clutch to shift gears. 12 In addition，it provides a cushioning effect through the use of padded interiors， a compliant windshield，and an energy absorbing steering column and dash，all of which help ameliorate the impact of an unrestrained occupant against the interior of the passenger compartment 13 The purpose of the battery is to supply current for operation of the cranking motor and the ignition system when the engine is being cranked for starting. 14 The computer then processes the sensor data according to its internal program and then signals the actuators to exercise the desired controloverthesubsystemthatrequire adjustment. 15 The fuel system has the job of supplying a combustible mixture of air and fuel to the engine. 16 By delivering fuel directly at the back of the intake valvethe intake manifold design can be optimized to improve air velocity at the intake valve. 17 Planetary gear sets which are the mechanical systems provide the various forward gear ratios as well as reverse. 18 This is not unlike the human circulatory system(the fluid is red) where even a few minutes of operation when there is a lack of pressure can be harmful or even fatal to the life of the transmission. 19 The computer uses sensors on the engine and transmission to detect such things as throttle position，vehicle speed，engine speed， engine load，stop light switch position，etc to control exact shift points as well as how soft or firm the shift should be 20 When a wheel locks， it stops rotating and the tire skids or slides over the road surface，thus， the vehicle requires a greater distance to stop than if the tire was not skidding. 在這些汽車?yán)铮兯傧渥詣?dòng)工作而駕駛員不 需要使用離合器換檔。 12 此外，通過(guò)使用填充內(nèi)飾，接合的擋風(fēng)玻 璃，吸能轉(zhuǎn)向柱和儀表板，所有這些都有助 于提供一個(gè)緩沖作用改善車廂內(nèi)壁對(duì)因未能 系好安全帶的乘客影響。 13 電池的作用是提供的起動(dòng)電機(jī)和點(diǎn)火系 統(tǒng)電流，讓發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)并運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。 14 然后， 計(jì)算機(jī)根據(jù)其內(nèi)部程序處理傳感器 數(shù)據(jù)，接著發(fā)出執(zhí)行器的信號(hào)，讓執(zhí)行器進(jìn) 行對(duì)需要調(diào)整的子系統(tǒng)作所需的控制， 15 燃油系統(tǒng)的作用是提供空氣和燃料的可 燃混合氣給發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)。 16 在進(jìn)氣閥后側(cè)直接提供燃油， 進(jìn)氣歧管設(shè) 計(jì)可優(yōu)化，以此提高進(jìn)氣閥空氣流速。 17 行星齒輪組是機(jī)械系統(tǒng)， 提供的各種前進(jìn) 檔齒輪比以及倒車。 18 這是與人體循環(huán)系統(tǒng)沒(méi)有什么不同 （液是 紅色的） ， 即便是幾分鐘的運(yùn)行中壓力下降都 會(huì)損害變速器的壽命或者甚至是致命的。 19 計(jì)算機(jī)使用發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)和變速器的傳感器來(lái) 檢測(cè)油門位置、車速、發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速、發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī) 負(fù)荷、停止燈開(kāi)關(guān)的位置等，以此控制精確 的換檔點(diǎn)以及變檔應(yīng)如何既輕柔又明確。 20 當(dāng)一個(gè)車輪抱死時(shí)，它停止轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)，輪胎在 路面刮劃或平滑，因此，車輛會(huì)比輪胎沒(méi)有 打滑時(shí)要求更大的距離才能停下來(lái)。 21 The EBCM determines the amount of current needed to apply the solenoid valves in the three positions：pressure increase，pressure hold and pressure decrease. 22 The cruise control system (CCS) allows you to maintain a set speed above 40kmh without keeping your foot on the accelerator pedal. 23Adaptivecruisecontrol(ACC)isan automotivefeature thatallows a vehicles cruise control system to adapt the vehicle s speed to the traffic environment. 24 Check the engine oil level and add the proper oil if necessary. Check tire inflation. Make sure the tires are inflated to the pressures specified on the Certification Tire label located on the driver door lock pillar. 25 We carefully checked wheel speed sensors， and found that they were covered with lots of dirt. After cleaning them, we had a road test again. The brake pedal didnt pulsate again at all speed when you pressed the pedal mildly. 26 The screwdriver is a device specifically designed to insert and tighten，or to loosen and removed screws. The screwdriver is made up of a head or tip，which engages with a screw，a mechanism to apply torque by rotating the tip， and some way to position and support the screwdriver. 27 Vehicle lifting platform lifted cars by the axle，leaving the wheels to turn free，and they could be stopped at any convenient working height. 28 A vacuum gauge with several adapters can be used to test manifold vacuum and test vacuum operated circuits. A vacuum pump is handy for testing vacuum operated components such as EGR valves and heating and air conditioning systems. 29 So， according to the two examples， we know DTC does help us a lot ， but sometimes no trouble codes are indicated at all. It is the experience accumulated little by little during our maintenance career that makes a real sense. 30 A wrench or spanner is a tool used to 21 電子制動(dòng)控制模塊確定需要電流值， 以三 個(gè)電流值給電磁閥：壓力增加，壓力穩(wěn)定和 壓力下降。 22 巡航控制系統(tǒng)（CCS）可以讓你保持一個(gè) 40公里/小時(shí)以上設(shè)定速度行進(jìn)，無(wú)需把你的 腳保持在油門踏板上。 23 自適應(yīng)巡航控制（ACC）是一個(gè)汽車的配 置，使車輛的巡航控制系統(tǒng)以適應(yīng)車輛的交 通環(huán)境速度行進(jìn)。 24 檢查發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)機(jī)油油位， 如果必要添加適當(dāng) 的機(jī)油。檢查輪胎充氣。確保輪胎充氣達(dá)到 指定的壓力。這壓力標(biāo)志位于驅(qū)動(dòng)門鎖支柱 的認(rèn)證/輪胎標(biāo)簽上。 25 我們仔細(xì)檢查輪速傳感器， 并發(fā)現(xiàn)它們有 很多的污垢。清洗后，我們?cè)俅温吩?。在?有的速度下，當(dāng)您再次輕輕踩下踏板時(shí)制動(dòng) 踏板再?zèng)]有搏動(dòng)。 26 螺絲起子是專門設(shè)計(jì)的設(shè)備， 用于插入并 擰緊，或者擰松并取下螺釘。螺絲起子有刀 頭或尖，與一個(gè)螺絲釘咬合，使用一個(gè)機(jī)制 提供扭矩，以此旋轉(zhuǎn)針尖，并以某種方式對(duì) 準(zhǔn)和支持螺絲起子。 27 車輛升降利用其柱軸提升車體， 讓輪子離 地并可自由轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)，它們可以在任何方便的工 作高度停下來(lái)。 28 帶多個(gè)接口的真空計(jì)可以用來(lái)測(cè)試的歧 管的真空度和測(cè)試真空運(yùn)行的循環(huán)管道。真 空泵也應(yīng)隨時(shí)備用測(cè)試真空部件，如廢氣再 循環(huán)閥和暖氣和空調(diào)系統(tǒng)的元件。 29 因此，根據(jù)這兩個(gè)例子，我們知道診斷故 障代碼不會(huì)對(duì)我們幫助很大，更加有時(shí)沒(méi)有 故障碼。在我們的維修生涯中，只有一點(diǎn)一 點(diǎn)的經(jīng)驗(yàn)積累才能找到真諦。 30 一個(gè)扳手或開(kāi)口扳手是那么一種工具， 用 provide a mechanical advantage in applying torque to turn bolts ， nuts or other items designedtointerfacewithawrench. At present ， we can see those tools ， like box wrench， electronic torque wrench， combination wrench，adjustable wrench，speed handle and ratchet handle. 來(lái)提供機(jī)械力的便利，給出力矩轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)螺栓、 螺母或其他與扳手接口設(shè)計(jì)接合的物件的。 現(xiàn)在，我們能看到這些工具，如套筒扳手， 電子扭矩扳手，兩用扳手，活動(dòng)扳手，加速 手柄和棘輪手柄。 IVReview the following questions according to the texts(29) 1 Who built the first gasoline powered car? Answer：In 1885, Karl Benz built the first three-wheeled gasoline-powered car in Germany. In the following year, the milestone vehicle was built by Gottlieb Daimler，another German. He perfected the two-cylinder gasoline engine and attached it to the stagecoach, thereby producing the first four-wheeled motor vehicle in the world 2 Why did Henry Ford produce automobiles on a moving conveyor line? Answer：In 1913, Henry Ford began making automobiles on a moving conveyor line in his factories. He realized that efficient mass production could lower ear prices, making cars affordable for the average person，thus generating a huge marketThis was a smashing success. By 1916 annual U S auto production reached one million units, a level not reached by any other country until about 40 years later in England. 3 Whats the function of engine? Answer：The engine acts as the power unit. 4 Whats the function of ignition plug? Answer：The ignition plug supplies the electric spark to ignite the airfuel mixture in the cylinders. 5 Why do we need the cooling system on engine? Answer：The cooling system removes excessive heat from the engine. The temperature in engine combustion chambers is about 2,000 oF (1,094). Since steel melts at round 2,500oF (1,354), this heat must be carried away to prevent engine damage. Air and coolant are used to carry away the heat. 6 Whats the function of storage battery? Answer：The battery stores electricity. It supplies electricity for the ignition, horn, lights, heat and stater. The alternator changes the engines mechanical energy into electrical energy and recharges the battery. 7 What do dimensions of all automobile include? Answer： The dimensions of an automobile can make you know the appearance of it They contain the wheelbase, the track front and rear, the overall length, the overall width, he overall height， overhang front, overhang real, the angle of approach, the angle of departure, interior length, interior width，interior height，the ground clearance，curb weight，gross vehicle weight，number of the doors，seating capacity and trunk or cargo space 8 Describe the definition of compression ratio. Answer：Compression ratio are frequently used engine specification. Compression ratio compares the total cylinder volume to compression chamber volume. 9 Please list the name of the four strokes，and explain the working principle of the four stroke cycle. Answer：The four strokes refer to intake，compression，combustion (power) and exhaust strokes that occur during two crankshaft rotations per working cycle of the gasoline engine and diesel engine. The cycle begins at top dead center(TDC)，when the piston is farthest away from the axis of the crankshaft On the intake stroke of the piston，the piston descends from the top of the cylinder，reducing the pressure inside the cylinderAmixture of fuel and air is forced (by atmospheric or greater pressure)into the cylinder through the intake (inlet) port. The intake (inlet) valve (or valves) then close (s)，and the compression stroke compresses the fuel-air mixture. The air-fuel mixture is then ignited near the end of the compression stroke， usually by a spark plug (for a gasoline or Otto cycle engine) or by the heat and pressure of compression (for a Diesel cycle or compression ignition engine) The resulting pressure of burning fuel gas pushes the piston through the power strokeIn the exhaust stroke, the piston pushes the products of combustion from the cylinder through an exhaust valve or valves. 10 How many parts does the chassis consist of? Answer：In the case of a vehicle，the chassis includes four parts：transmission system，driving system，steering system and braking system. 11 Please write down every part function of the chassis. Answer：The function of the transmission is to transmit the power and torque from the engine to the wheels. The driving system carries the power from the transmission to the differential at the real-wheel axles，causing the rear wheels to rotate. The purpose of the steering system is guiding the car where me driver wants it to go. As we know, the brake system is used to slow down and stop a vehicle. 12 Please give examples of several forms and features of body. Answer：(1) 4 x4 or 4WD (“four by four”or“four wheel drive”) Vehicle：A four-wheeled vehicle with a drivetrain that allows all four wheels to receive power from the engine simultaneously The terms are usually ( but not exclusively ) used in Europe to describe what is referred to in North America as a sport utility vehicle or SUV f see below). (2) Convertible Vehicle: A body style with a flexible textile folding roof or rigid retracting roof of highly variable design detail to allow driving in open or enclosed modes. (3) Crossover(or CUV)Vehicle: A loose marketing term to describe a vehicle that blends features of a SUV with features of a car especially forgoing the body on frame construction of the SUV in favor of the cars unibody or monocoque construction. (4) MPV:Multi-purpose vehicle a large car or small bus is designed to be used on and off road and easily convertible to facilitate loading of goods from facilitating carrying people. (5) Pickup Truck: A small，medium，or large-sized truck，though smaller in every case than a Semi tractor truck . The passenger cabin is wholly separated from the cargo bed. (6) Roadster: Originally a two-seat open car with minimal weather protectionwithout top or side glass though possibly with optional hard or soft top and side curtains(i. e.，without rollup glass windows). In modem usage，the term means simply a twoseat sports calf convertible，a variation of spyder. 13 Please write the types of car lights and the roles of the lights. Answer：The lighting system in a typical automobile includes the headlights，parking lights， direction signal lights，side