轉(zhuǎn)接本考試輔導(dǎo)語(yǔ)法.ppt

專接本考試輔導(dǎo),zhuanjieben_ zhuanjiebenfudao,時(shí)態(tài),This is the first time that I _(hear) her sing. 過(guò)去完成時(shí)常用在有hardly/scarcely /barely when; no soonerthan等副詞句子中,這種結(jié)構(gòu)表示“剛剛就，不等就”。 e.g. She had hardly (scarcely, barely) gone to bed when the bell rang. No sooner had they left the building than a bomb exploded.,表示將來(lái)某時(shí)之前或某動(dòng)作發(fā)生之前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作 e.g. We will have made our country one of the medium developed countries in the world by the year of 2050. 到2050年我們將我國(guó)建設(shè)為世界上中等發(fā)達(dá)的國(guó)家之一. 表示一個(gè)持續(xù)到某時(shí)或某動(dòng)作發(fā)生之前的動(dòng)作 e.g. By next Monday, she will have studied here for three years. 到下周一,她在這里的學(xué)習(xí)就要滿三年了.,David_ the golf club for 2 years. A. has joined B. has been C. joined D. has been in Yesterday when we left, they_ a meeting. A. were having B. have C. are having D. had If it_ next Sunday, we wont go to the park. A. rains B. rain C. raining D. will rain,D,A,A,We _ in touch with each other since 2003. A. have kept B. had kept C. kept D. keep Even if it _ this afternoon, I will go there. A. has rained B. will rain C. rains D. will have rained,A,C,When we arrived at the airport, we were told our flight _. A. had been cancelled B. had cancelled C. has been cancelled D. cancelled His grandfather_ for quite some years. A. had died B. has been died C. has been dead D. is death,A,C,Its been 5 years since he_ China. A. left B. had left C. has left D. leaving By the time you get back, great changes _ in this area. A. will take place B. will be taken place C. are going to take place D. will have taken place,A,D,He _ in a small workshop, but now he is the head of a big business company. A. used to working B. was used to work C. used to work D. was used to working My grandpa _ rural life. A. has used to B. used to C. is used to D. uses to,C,C,語(yǔ)態(tài)（被動(dòng)）,形式： be + done (過(guò)去分詞) will be done have/had been done be being done He was hit by a car yesterday. A notice will be put up on the wall. That important problem has been discussed for nearly two weeks. A new lake is being built in the park.,只能作為不及物的動(dòng)詞和詞組：occur, happen, break out, take place, come true, become a reality May 4th Movement took place in 1919. When did the accident occur? 某些由及物動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化來(lái)的不及物動(dòng)詞，如：read, write, wash, cook, keep, open, sell 等， 常和副詞well, easily, smoothly等連用， 且通常用主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)表示被動(dòng)含義。 The cloth washes well. In hot weather, meat wont keep long.,need, require, want, deserve, be worth 后面+doing 的主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)表示被動(dòng)含義。 My watch needs repairing. This film is really worth seeing. Who said the boy deserved punishing. 某些系動(dòng)詞如：feel, prove, smell, taste, sound 等+形容詞，也是主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)意義。 The food tastes delicious. How sweet these flowers smell!,The dog needs _. He has been digging in the mud. A. to wash B. washing C. wash D. to be washing You _ here. We have got plenty. A. neednt bring B. dont need to bring C. neednt have brought D. dont have to bring,B,C,不定式符號(hào)to 在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中不可省略。在主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中，感官動(dòng)詞和“使”動(dòng)詞常跟不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式，但在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中要有to。 I saw her pass by the window. She was seen to pass by the window. 某些作表語(yǔ)的形容詞后，用不定式主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。 He is hard to please. The article is difficult to understand.,The anti-Japanese War _ in 1937. A) broke out B) was broken out C) had broken out D) was happened The work _ by the time you get here. A) would have been done B) will have been done C) would have done D) has been done,A,B,“ The ceremony has already started.” “ Look! The flag is _ now.” A) being raised B) risen C) being rising D) raising The film _ this Saturday. A) shows B) will show C) is to be shown D) is to show,A,C,The United Kingdom _ Great Britain and Northern Ireland. A. consisted of B. is consisted of C. consists of D. consist There are more than fifty proposals _ at the conference. A. discussed B. to be discussed C. discussing D. having discussed,C,B,非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,能以不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞: afford, agree, ask, choose, claim, decide, desire, determine, expect, hope, learn, manage, offer, pretend, promise, refuse, decline, seek, swear, wish, aim, long, strive, tend, fail, think, threaten, care, hate, prepare, help, want, hesitate, propose, plan, seem;,動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+帶 to 的動(dòng)詞不定式: advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, challenge, encourage, expect(要求), forbid, hire, invite, order, permit, persuade, remind, require, teach, tell, want, warn; 有些固定詞組帶 to 不定式，表示說(shuō)話人的立場(chǎng)或態(tài)度，在句子中作獨(dú)立成分：to be honest, to begin with, to cut a long story short, to get (back) to the point, to put it another way, to tell the truth;,動(dòng)詞+ how / what / where / which / when/why + 不定式,The leader concerned told the news reporters frankly that he did not know whom_ for the accident caused by fake wine. A. is blame B. to blame C. blames D. will blame,B,在“名詞（代詞）+be +easy (difficult, fit) + 不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)中，有時(shí)盡管句中主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者，不定式在意義上是被動(dòng)的，形式上卻是主動(dòng)的。 A. The book is difficult to read. 這本書(shū)很難讀懂。 B. The path is easy to find. 這條路很好找。,不定式符號(hào)to 和介詞to 的辨別問(wèn)題 英語(yǔ)中有相當(dāng)數(shù)量的常用短語(yǔ)，其最后一個(gè)詞 是 to ；to 可以是介詞，也可以是不定式符號(hào)。作為介詞，to后面接名詞或動(dòng)名詞，作為不定式符號(hào)，后面須接動(dòng)詞原形，不可混淆。下面提供七種類型含介詞to的搭配。 含介詞to的搭配,動(dòng)詞+介詞to agree to (同意)admit to（承認(rèn)）attend to（注意、照顧）come to（到達(dá)，涉及到）contribute to (捐獻(xiàn))object to（反對(duì)）refer to (提及，查詢) 動(dòng)詞+名詞/代詞+介詞to attributeto（歸因于) applyto（應(yīng)用，適用） accustomto (使習(xí)慣于) confineto (限于范圍內(nèi))dedicateto（奉獻(xiàn)）preferto （喜歡）oweto （歸功于,歸因于）,動(dòng)詞+ed 分詞+介詞to be accustomed to （慣于）be used to （習(xí)慣于，適應(yīng)于）be devoted to （致力于）be reduced to （使變?。?動(dòng)詞+副詞小品詞+介詞 to get down to （開(kāi)始認(rèn)真做某事）look forward to （盼望）face up to （勇敢地面對(duì)）,形容詞+介詞to similar to （類似）loyal to （忠于）deaf to（不愿意聽(tīng)）superior to （優(yōu)于、勝過(guò)）sensitive to （敏感）preferable to （較合人意） 名詞+介詞to objection to（反對(duì)）answer to（回答、答復(fù)）limit to （限于）aid to (輔助) indifference to （不關(guān)心）key to （解答，關(guān)鍵） 以介詞to 結(jié)尾的復(fù)雜介詞 according to（根據(jù)，按照）as to（關(guān)于）owing to （因?yàn)?，由于）thanks to （由于，多虧）in addition to （除 之外）,You must accustom yourself to _ _ ( get ) up early. We are looking forward to _ (see) you again. He used to _ (smoke ) a pipe. He was reduced to _ (beg) for food. She is working hard to _ (earn) money.,getting,seeing,smoke,begging,earn,All flights _ because of the snowstorm, we decided to take the train. A. were being canceled B. having canceled C. had been canceled D. having been canceled,D,As an English saying goes: Its no use _ over spilt milk. A. to be crying B. to cry C. crying D. cried,C,All things _, the planned trip will have to be called off. A) considered B) be considered C) considering D) having considered,A,When _ to dinner at the restaurant, she seemed very happy and accepted the invitation. A. invited B. to be invited C. inviting D. having invited The dog, _, will make a good watch dog. A) to train properly B) training properly C) properly to train D) trained properly,A,D,_,a man who expresses himself effectively is sure to succeed more rapidly than a man whose command of language is poor. A) Other things being equal B) Were other things equal C) To be equal to other things D) Other things to be equal,A,The editorial _ now will appear in tomorrows newspaper. A) writing B) to write C) being written D) write When _ from the earth, the stars seem to be tiny dots. A. see B. seeing C. seen D. to see,C,C,It _ now pretty late, we took our things to our room. A) is B) being C) turned D) got A beggar was dragging his weary feet with many kids _behind. A) following B) to follow C) followed D) being followed,B,A,I understood you were third-year students _ in English. A) who majors B) who major is C) have majored D) majoring He wanted a basket of flowers _ to his wife. A) sending B) sent C) to send D) to have sent,D,B,_ in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States. A) Founding B) It was founded C) Being founded D) Founded The name Nebraska comes from the old Indian word “nebrathka”, _ flat water. A) to mean B) meaning C) it means D) by meaning,D,B,The lab _ next year will be more advanced than the old one. A) built B) to be built C) being built D) to build Walking along the riverside path, _ several groups of hikers. A) I met B) the river met C) it was D) we met by,B,A,現(xiàn)在分詞 Reading the letter, she burst into tears. =When she was reading the letter, 因?yàn)閟he & read之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，而且表示伴隨狀態(tài)，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞。 過(guò)去分詞 Compared with Chinas history, the Americas is quite short. =When the Americas history is compared with Chinas , it is quite short.,邏輯主語(yǔ)與主語(yǔ)不一致-分詞的獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)： Night falling, we hurried home. (表時(shí)間）=When the night fell, The train being late, we missed our plane. (表原因）=Because the train was late,邏輯主語(yǔ)與主語(yǔ)不一致-分詞的獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)： Weather permitting, well have the match tomorrow. = If weather permits, (表?xiàng)l件） 在動(dòng)詞forget, go on, mean, regret, remember, stop, try, be used to, cant help等后跟動(dòng)名詞和跟動(dòng)詞不定式意義區(qū)別較大，須注意。,現(xiàn)在分詞的完成體表示分詞的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前 having+ 分詞 having+ been+分詞 Please fill in the blank _ (be tired) of reading for three hours, David went to bed. _ (have) my breakfast, I rushed out of my home. _ (hold) a book, the teacher came in.,Being tired,Having had,Holding,在下面句型中，常用it 作形式主語(yǔ)，動(dòng)名詞做真正的主語(yǔ)。 It is no use/good + doing sth. It is no fun + doing sth. It is not worth + doing sth. 但是在it is of no use 后面則用動(dòng)詞不定式。 It is of no use to cry over spilt milk. 常用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞或詞組有： avoid, admit, delay, practise, enjoy, risk, finish, mind, miss, suggest, keep, deny, postpone, appreciate, give up, be opposed to, put off, feel like, look forward to, be accustomed to, be used to, object to, cant help,在 trouble, difficulty, point 等詞后，應(yīng)加介詞 in + 動(dòng)詞-ing。in 可以省略。 There is no much point (in) thinking about it. American businessmen have difficulty (in) understanding their Japanese counterparts. have, find, get, make等后面可以接過(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ)。 You can have your tape recorder repaired in the shop over there.,Though small, the room is comfortable _. A. to live B. to live in C. living in D. live in We were surprised at _ the exam. A. him not pass B. his passing not C. his not passing D. him not to pass The decision _, what is to be done now is how to carry it out. A. been made B. has been made C. having been made D. having been making,B,C,C,I forgot _ her that my coat buttons need to be sewn on. A. reminding B. having reminded C. to remind D. to have reminded As we approached the village we saw many new houses _. A. built B. build C. being built D. building,C,C,He didnt keep on asking me for a ride as he had already got his own car _. A. repair B. repairing C. repaired D. to repair It is upsetting when a person gets _ for a crime that he did not commit. A. punish B. punishing C. punished D. to punish,C,C,虛擬語(yǔ)氣,與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反 條件從句：If I (we, you, he, she, it, they) + 動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式 (be動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式一律用were) 結(jié)果主句：I (we, you, he, it, they) + would + 動(dòng)詞原型 E.g. He wouldnt feel so cold if he were indoors.,與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反 條件從句：If I (we, you, he, she, it, they) had + 過(guò)去分詞 結(jié)果主句：I (we, you, he, it, they) + would + have + 過(guò)去分詞 E.g. If we had left earlier, we wouldnt have missed the train.,與將來(lái)時(shí)間相反 條件從句：A式：were+不定式 B式：一般過(guò)去式 C式：should+動(dòng)詞原型 結(jié)果主句：would (should) + 動(dòng)詞原型 E.g. If she were to marry me, I would be the happiest man in the world. E.g. If it rained tomorrow, we wouldnt play basketball. E.g. If he should leave, we should be sad. Whats the difference? (可能性大小比較) If it were to snow,(可能性較小)If it snowed (可能性一般) tomorrow, I should (would) stay at home. If it should snow (可能性較大),倒裝結(jié)構(gòu): 條件句中有were, had, should時(shí),可以省略if，而把該詞放在主語(yǔ)前。這種用法主要用于書(shū)面語(yǔ)中 Were it necessary, I might resign. Had you informed me earlier, I wouldnt have signed the contract. Should I have time, I would call on her. Exercises：If he had studied more, he would have been able to pass the exam. Had he studied more, he would have been able to pass the exam.,錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句: 在錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句中，虛擬條件從句和主句動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致，因此，主句和從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要根據(jù)所指的不同時(shí)間選用恰當(dāng)?shù)奶摂M語(yǔ)氣形式。 If I had taken my umbrella with me when I came out this morning, I should not be wet now. ( 過(guò)去 現(xiàn)在 ) If I were you, I wouldnt have missed the film last night.( 現(xiàn)在 過(guò)去 ) If the ship had left at noon, it would be passing through the canal now. ( 過(guò)去 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行 ) If they had left home in early morning, they would arrive in half an hour. ( 過(guò)去 將來(lái) ) Exercise: 如果昨晚你不看那部電影，現(xiàn)在就不會(huì)眼困了。 If you hadnt watched that movie last night , you wouldnt be sleepy now.,在一些表示要求、建議、命令等動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)從句中要使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。這時(shí)謂語(yǔ)要用虛擬形式來(lái)表示，即用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”或省略“should”，只用動(dòng)詞原形。 這些動(dòng)詞有：suggest, propose, insist, prefer, order, command, advise, desire, recommend, require, intend, desire, request, deserve, demand, determine, arrange, beg, ask, pray etc. she insisted that the seats (should) be booked in advance. They requested that she (should) sing a song. I prefer that you (should) not eat the meat.,在suggestion, advice, decision, desire, order, idea, proposal, request, resolution, request, recommendation, requirement, motion 等名詞后的表語(yǔ)從句或同位語(yǔ)從句中常使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。這時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用”should+動(dòng)詞原型”或省略”should” ，只用動(dòng)詞原型。 His desire is that he (should) visit the Great Wall in China someday. We made the suggestion that such device (should) be designed and produced without delay.,在一些與表示要求、建議、命令等動(dòng)詞意義相類似的形容詞所帶的主語(yǔ)從句中常使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。這時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”或省略“should”,只用動(dòng)詞原形。 這些形容詞有important, necessary, urgent, desirable, insistent, possible, recommended, desired, requested, suggested, deserved, etc. It is desired that all the students (should) pass final examination. It has been decided that the meeting (should) be postponed till next Monday.,在 “Its ( high/about ) time”句型中 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式，表示“早該干某事而已經(jīng)有些晚了”。 It is high time we left. It is about time you went to bed. It is time for us to leave. It is time for you to go to bed.,在would rather, would sooner 后的句子中 （1） 接不帶to的不定式，表示選擇，指現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)，也可指過(guò)去 Id rather do it now. （2）接從句。用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，表示一個(gè)現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)的愿望；用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，表示一個(gè)過(guò)去愿望。 Id rather I hadnt told you about it. I would sooner she printed the wall green next time.,Jeans uncle insists _ in this hotel. A) he stays B) that he not stay C) not to stay D) staying not _ harder, you would have passed this exam. A. If you have worked B. If you worked C. Were you to work D. Had you worked,B,D,If I had been shown the dictionary, I _ able to give a better account of it now. A) should be B) be C) am D) was We must stop now. It is time we _ home. A) have gone B) are going C) went D) will go I would rather _ a house with a garden. A)bought B) buy C) had bought D)been bought,A,C,B,_ your advice yesterday, I would have missed the train. A) Had I not taken B) If I did not take C) If I have not taken D) I did not take But for your help, we _ this experiment so quickly. A. shouldnt be finishing B. couldnt finished C. hadnt finished D. wouldnt have finished,A,D,It was essential that the application form _ back before the deadline. A) must be sent B) be sent C) would be sent D) were sent If he _ so much money, he would be rich today. A. didnt spend B. wasnt spent C. hadnt spent D. wasnt spending,B,C,Without electronic computer, much of todays advanced technology _. A) havent been achieved B) hadnt been achieved C) wouldnt be achieved D) wouldnt have been achieved,D,The baby smiled as if he _what his mother said. A) has understand B) had understood C) understood D) had been understood she talked about Rome as if he _ a Rome. A) was B) has been C) had been D) were,B,D,It is important that this machine-tool _ every day. A)be oiled B)oil C) is to be oiled D) oiled If only I _ how to operate a computer! A) learned B) would learn C) have learned D) had learned,A,D,If only: 真希望，要是。該多好啊,強(qiáng)調(diào)句,It was not until she arrived in class _ realized she had forgotten her book. A and she B she C when D that she It was in Germany _ Einstein spent his childhood. A where B which C that D when It was not until December 31_ we finally got a letter from him. A. that B. when C. which D. then,D,C,A,主謂一致,由as well as, with, along with, like, together with, rather than, except, but, including, plus, besides, in addition to, no less than, etc. 以上詞語(yǔ)構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)出現(xiàn)在主語(yǔ)中心詞之后，謂語(yǔ)仍和前面的主語(yǔ)保持一致。 1)My mother, as well as my father, has a key to the office. 2)The man together with his wife and children sits there watching TV.,由more than one (或more than one + 單數(shù)名詞)，many a + 單數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。 如果more than后面是復(fù)數(shù)名詞，則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)。 1) More than one student has passed the examination. 2) Many a boy learns to swim before he can read. 3) More than two hundred students have attended the lecture.,在“one of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞定語(yǔ)從句”的結(jié)構(gòu)中，定語(yǔ)從句一般被看作是修飾該復(fù)數(shù)名詞的，動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。在“the one of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞定語(yǔ)從句”的結(jié)構(gòu)中，定語(yǔ)從句修飾的是“the only one”，因而動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。 1) She is one of the engineers who are good at English. 2) She is the only one of the engineers who is good at English.,就近一致（1/2） 由連詞or, neithernor, eitheror, not only but also等連接的并列主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式按就近一致的原則，與貼近它的主語(yǔ)一致。 1) Either he or you like playing football. 2) Either you or he likes playing football. 2、就近一致（2/2） 在there be 的結(jié)構(gòu)中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式一般也采取就近一致原則。 1) There is a speaker and many students in Room A209. 2) There are many students and a speaker in Room A209.,Neither of them _ going to the cinema. Both of them _ going to the cinema. A. is; are B. is; is C. are; was D. are; is,A,Grandpa Wang and his two grandsons _ taking a walk in the park now. Grandpa Wang, together with his two grandsons, _ taking a walk in the park now. A. are; are B. is ;are C. is; is D. are; is,D,The number of the people invited _ fifty, but a number of them _ absent for different reasons. A. were, was B. was, was C. was, were D. were, were,C,定語(yǔ)從句,Mr. Smith, from _ I have learned a lot, is a famous scientist. Light is the fast thing in the world, the speed of _ is 300 000 kilometers per second. The sun heats the earth, _ is very important to us